Chapter 13
Self rule for Canada, Australia and
New Zealand
The people of Canada
• France lose control of Canada to British in
1763
• Many settlers remained French-speaking
• British loyalist fled to Canada after the
American revolution (approx 30k)
• Large population of native Tribes still
present
Canada Achieve Self rule
• Many ethnic tensions arose due to the
diverse cultures
• The Two Canada's
– Canada Act passed in 1791
• Created two provinces
• English speaking upper Canada (Ontario)
• French speaking lower Canada (Quebec)
Canada Act 1791
• Each of the two Canada's had there own:
– Laws
– Legislature
– Royal government
– Language
– Religion
• However still controlled by British
Canada Achieve Self rule
• Unrest grew between the two
provinces:1837 rebellion broke out
• The Durham Report:
– Called for two the Canada's to be reunited
and given control over their own affairs
• 1840 Act of Union
– Elected legislative body for domestic affairs
– Britain kept control of trade and foreign issues
Canada Achieve Self rule
• Dominion of Canada
– Macdonald and Cartier urged for the
unification of all the Provinces
– Many Canadians feared that the dominate
USA will try to over power them and take them
over (Manifest Destiny)
Canada Achieve Self rule
• British North American Act 1867
– Created Dominion of Canada
• United 4 provinces into a self governing nation
• 6 more provinces joined the union soon after
Dominion of Canada
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Own parliament (modeled after Britain)
Granted some control of foreign affairs
Remained close with Britain
First prime minister: John Macdonald
– Built transcontinental railroad to help expand
Canada-1885
Immigration
• late 1800- early
1900’s
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Germany
Italy
Poland
Russia
Ukraine
China
Japan
•
Problems
1. French speaking
Canadian were
determined to
maintain culture and
language
2. US had a powerful
economy and culture
that threatened
Canada
Australia
• 1770 James Cook laid claims to Australia
for Britain
• Native settlers:
– Aborigines' were hunters and gatherers
– Spoke about 250 different languages
Australia
• Penal Colony
– Was used after the American Revolution
– 1788 first ship of 700 passengers sent over
• 8 month voyage
• Men, women and children (supervised by soldiers;
they worked to clear the lands for a settlement)
Australia’s Outback
• By the 1800’s Britain was offering free land
and tools to those who emigrated to
Australia
• A strong wool industry grew
• 1851 gold rush led to an even larger
population boom
Australia and Self Government
• Originally divided into separate colonies
• To avoid imperialist powers from invading
Australia Britain create the Commonwealth
of Australia in 1901
Commonwealth of Australia
• Took from both the US and British
governments
– Federal system that limited the power of the
central government
– Prime minister (executive body)
– Women granted the right to vote right away
– Secret ballot (first nation)
New Zealand
• 1769- James cook claimed island for
Britain
• Missionaries set out in 1814 to convert the
local natives (Maoris) to Christianity
New Zealand
• Maori Struggles:
– Located in a small area in New Zealand
– Settled farmers
New Zealand
• Soon after the missionaries white settlers
came and created a booming market for:
beef, wool and mutton (sheep meat)
New Zealand
• 1840 New Zealand Annexed
• As more and more settlers arrived many
wars broke out with the Maori
• By 1870’s the Maori population diminished
– Death
– Disease
– alcholism
New Zealand- Self government
• 1907 won self rule (remained close to
Britain)
– Parliament
– Prime minister
– Elected legislature