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(全新版）大学英语 BOOK TWO
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Unit 5
Overcoming Obstacles
(全新版）大学英语 BOOK TWO
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Contents
Objectives
1
2
Warm Up Activities
3
Cultural Notes
4 Text Analysis
5
5
Key Language Points
Assignments
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Objectives
• Students will be able to:
• 1.grasp the main idea (dreaming and hard work helped
Michael Stone on his way to success)and the structure of the
text(narration with a flashback);
• 2.appreciate the narrative skills (using details to bring out a
character; a surprising ending);
• 3.master the key language points and grammatical structures in
the text;
• 4.conduct a series of reading, listening, speeding and writing
activities related to the theme of the unit.
back
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Warm-up Questions
• Can you talk about the obstacles that you have
been faced with in your life? How to overcame
such difficulties?
• Can you tell us the problems that you still
have in overcoming these obstacles?
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Listening Comprehension
• Listen to the recording two
or three times and then think
over the following questions:
• 1. What happened to the
singer?
2. What helped her pull
through all the hardships she
suffered?
3. What is the tone of the
song?
4. Is the song related to the
theme of the unit -overcoming obstacles?
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Cultural Notes
• 1. Sports: Sports play an important in American life.
Professional baseball and (American) football games
attract large crowds, and many people watch games
on television. Although many parents complain about
their children being couch potatoes (=people who
spend a lot of time watching television), there are
sports at school for all ages. College students are
usually also required to take physical education
classes to complete their studies.
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Cultural Notes
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• 2.Olympics: The ancient
Olympic Games were
held in Olympia every
four years from 776 B.C.
to 392 A.D. The modern
Games first held in 1896
in Greece and, with the
exception of three games
not held because of the
two world wars, have
been in various cities of
the world at regular 4year intervals. Since
1924, a separate program
of minter sports has
been added to the
Games.
Olympics
•IN 2008 Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games.
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• The Olympic symbol---five interlocking red,
blue, yellow, and green circles on a white
field---represents the continents of the world
joined in friendship.
• The Olympic motto is Citius---Altius---Fortius.
These words mean “ Swifter, Higher, Stronger.”
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(全新版）大学英语 BOOK TWO
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History of Olympics
The ancient Olympic Games were
the great Greek religious, athletic,
and cultural festivals that inspired
the creation of the modern Olympic
Games. The earliest documentation
of the ancient Games traces the
efforts of King Iphitos of Elis, around
824 BC, to establish a "sacred
truce" through the conduct of
Games "dear to the gods." From
776 B.C., these Games took place
every four years.
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• The ancient Games were sacred events.
Athletes from all Greek city-states joined the
festivals at Olympia - marked by solemn
Opening and Closing ceremonies. The
"sacred truce" from the first known Games
makes interesting reading: "May the world be
delivered from crime and killing and freed
from the clash of arms." The intent was for
warring city-states to lay down their arms for
the period of the Games, so athletes could
compete in peace.
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• The program of competitive
events in the ancient Games
evolved over time. Among the
sports contested were the foot
race, wrestling, boxing, the
pentathlon, and chariot races.
The first recorded winner was
the runner Koroibos. Only
men were permitted to take
part in the Olympic Games women were forbidden to
compete or be spectators at
the ancient Olympic Games
under penalty of death. The
only female allowed in
Olympia was the high
priestess of the goddess
Demeter.
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• Women in ancient Greece,
did, however, participate in
festivals of their own and
exclusively female Games,
held in honor of the goddess
Hera, were held at regular
intervals. The ancient
Olympic Games are known
to have existed for 12
centuries. The symbolic
power of the Games lived
on after their demise in 394
AD, and came to life again
as the modern Olympic
Games.
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Pierre de Fredy, the
Baron de Coubertin,
was the founder of the
modern Olympic
Movement. Born in
1863 to a French
aristocrat family,
Coubertin was an avid
sportsman, believing
sport possessed the
power to benefit
humankind and
encourage peace
among the nations of
the world.
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After visits to England and
the United States,
Coubertin formulated a
plan to revive the Games.
His vision was realized, in
June 1894, when a
meeting of delegates in
Paris voted to hold the
modern Olympic Games
at Athens in 1896.
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The Olympic Games are
organized and governed by
the International Olympic
Committee (IOC). It has
offices in Lausanne,
Switzerland. The Committee
has made many decisions
that affect the modern
Olympics. For example, in
1912, the Committee
decided to allow women to
compete in the Games.
Olympic Museum Lausanne
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Text Analysis
Scan the text and answer the questions •: 外国语学院
• 1. Where does the text switch from the past
tense to the past perfect tense?
Para 3.
• 2. Which sentence shows that the flashback is
over and the narration returns to the National
Junior Olympics?
The first sentence of paragraph 6.
• 3. Where does author conclude the text?
Para 13.
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Text Organization
Part one
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(Paras 1-4)
The waiter was disappointed to find that the Richest
Man in America led so simple a life.
(Paras 5-13)
Part two
Being friendly, easy-going and never flashy,
Walton carries on like plain folks and never wants
any special treatment.
Part three (Paras 14-22)
With the Wal-mart team in mind, Walton devotes
himself heart and soul to making the business a
great success.
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Main Idea
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Dreaming and hard
working helped
Michael Stone on his
way to success.
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Further
Understanding
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For Part 1
1. Use your own words to draw a
picture of the stadium on that day,
including the weather, Michael’s
appearance and inner feeling, the
audience’s response, etc.
2. Use your own words to describe
what kind of event the pole vault is.
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For Part 2 Questions and Answers
1. From the description of Michael’s parents, what can you
learn about his parents?
Michael’s mother is romantic and passionate, while his
father is a hard-core realist.
2. Brainstorm the various obstacles Michael might face during
the hard training.
Open-ended.
3. What individual characteristics should Michael’s success be
attributed to?
He is diligent, perseverant, optimistic, ambitious, etc.
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For Part 3 Chart Completion
Height of Michael’s reaction before/after clearing the bar Importance
the pole
Before
After
17 feet
His palms were
sweating. He
needed a towel to
dry his grip. (L. 1)
17 feet 2,
17 feet 4
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1.If Michael Stone
was surprised,
excited or
vain…(LL. 37~38)
2.He seemed
unaware of …(LL.
40~41)
…, again he
showed no
emotion. (LL.
43~44)
3 inches
higher
than his
personal
best
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For Part 3 Chart Completion
Height of Michael’s reaction before/after clearing the bar
the pole
Before
After
17 feet 6 1. It startled him... (L. 53)
2. The intensity …
anxiety. (L. 56)
3. He became more
tense. (L. 57)
4. Afraid would be …
(LL. 58~59)
17 feet
1
6—
2
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Importance
1.It was … that
brought Michael
back to earth. (LL.
79~80)
2.On his back with
that wonderful hot
sun…(LL. 81~81)
9 inches
higher than
his personal
best
He later went on
that day to clear 17
1
feet 6 —
2
A National
and
International
Junior
Olympics
record
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For Part 4 Discussion
1. Why does the author keep the secret
about Michael’s blindness until the
last sentence?
2. Who would you admire better, a
Michael Stone with a sound body or a
blind Michael Stone?
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More Questions
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What does the text title “ True Height ”
mean?
1.
It has more than one meaning. It may refer
to:
1)the new bar heights that Michael cleared
one after another;
2) the tremendous obstacles Michael had
overcome in attaining his goal.
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Scan the text again to find out all the
instances where “ work ” is used as a verb
and explain in English the different
meanings of “ work ”.
work: v. 1) labor, do an activity which needs physical or
mental effort
2) act or operate effectively
3) exercise
* “He worked out every other day…” (L. 27)
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More Questions
• Without the last sentence, would you still
admire Michael Stone's achievement?
• Who would you admire better, a Michael
Stone with a sound body or a blind Michael
Stone?
• Why does the author keep the secret about
Michael's blindness until the last sentence?
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Extra Activities
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Scan the whole text to find out all the
words and phrases that are related to
sports or stadium. And think about their
Chinese equivalents.
National Junior Olympics 全国少年奥林匹克运动会
personal best
stand(s)
个人最高记录
final race
看台
赛跑决赛
pole vault event
撑竿跳高项目
track and field competition
田径比赛
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gymnast
body builder
weightlifting
bar
inflated landing mat
vaulter
finger-tipped push-up
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体操运动员
健美运动员
举重
横杆
充气垫
撑竿跳高运动员
俯卧撑
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Writing Strategy
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How to keep the article smoothly?
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• As the text consists of the main story and a flashback,
the narration has to switch from the ongoing
competition to earlier events and then return to the
ongoing competition. How does the author manage to
make these parts in the text flow smoothly?
•
1.One way is to repeat a key word in the last
sentence of a paragraph in the first sentence of the
next paragraph,
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• e.g. It also has the element of flying, and the
thought of flying as high as a two-story building
is a mere fantasy to anyone watching such an
event.
• As long as Michael could remember he had
always dreamed of flying.
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2.Another way is to pick up a key idea from a
previous paragraph and repeat it in the
sentence introducing the next paragraph,
e.g.All of Michael’s vaults today seemed to be
the reward for his hard work.
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Language Points
&
Grammar Structure
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1.sweat:
1. v. excrete perspiration through the pores of
the skin
He was sweating after working so hard.
The white shirts were sweated through.
2. n. liquid which comes out from the body
through the skin to cool it
I was covered in sweat after running to
catch the bus.
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2. grace: n.
1.quality of being smooth and elegant, esp. in movement
or structure
We admired the grace with
which the fashion models
walked across the room.
She danced with a grace that surprised us.
2. kindness; willingness to do what is right
She had the grace to say that he was right.
他勉强地承认他错了。
He agreed that he was wrong with bad grace.
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3. mere:
adj. nothing more than
She lost the election by a mere 20 votes.
光说无济于事。
Mere words won’t help.
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4.fantasy:imagination, esp. when it has no connection at all with reality
• Examples: I still have the fantasy that one day
I will win the National lottery.
• Having watched so many animated Moons,
some children can't tell fantasy from reality.
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5.numerous: very many
• Examples: During the Depression, numerous
people wandered from town to town looking
for work.
• Numerous scholars before Copernicus had
suggested that the earth went round the sun,
but he was the first person to bear it out
mathematically.
• antonym: few
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6.passion:strong feeling, esp. of love
• Examples: He loved her still, with the same
passion as he always had.
• She had never before loved anyone with such
passion.
• have a passion for: have a strong interest in sth.
and like it very much
• Example: She had a passion for dancing which
interfered with her schoolwork-)
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7.detail: 1)small, particular fact or item
• Examples: No details of the negotiation
between the two countries have been revealed.
• I can still recall every detail of my Graduation
Day.
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2) sth. which is unimportant and doesn't affect the main issue
• Examples: The salary is a detail; the main
thing is to find a job.
• She does not enjoy the details of housekeeping.
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go into detail (s): explain sth. thoroughly
• Example: Can you give me a rough idea of
what happened, without going into detail?
• in detail: fully or thoroughly
• Example :She told them in detail what they
were going to say at the meeting.
• As for the pay increase, we haven't yet had a
chance to discuss it in detail.
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8. recur: come or happen again
• Examples: The theme of love recurred in many
of his books.
• The school authorities warned the student that
he will be expelled if this cheating recurs.
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12. relax: make or become less tense, worried or nervous
• Examples: The best strategy for avoiding stress
is to learn how to relax.
• Massage is used to relax muscles.
• After a hard day's work, he liked to relax by
going for a swim.
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13. on one/ two / several occasion(s) : once/twice/several times in the past
• Examples: On several occasions, I attempted
to talk with my parents about my taking a part
time job, but my mother instantly interrupted
me by asking me questions about my studies.
• He drinks far too much. On one occasion I saw
him drink a whole bottle of vodka.
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14. vain: too pleased with one's own abilities or looks
• Examples: Too much praise can make a person
vain.
• She was vain of/about her appearance.
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15. be ashamed of: feeling foolish or uncomfortable because of sth.
• Examples: She was so ashamed of cheating in
the test that she went and told the teacher.
• You should be ashamed of yourself, telling lies
at your age.
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20. tense: feeling worried or nervous; making people worried or nervous
• Examples: Facing so many teachers, John got
very tense and made several mistakes in his
recitation.
• The flight had been postponed five hours and
all of the passengers were getting tense.
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22. stretch out: hold a part of your body straight out in front of you
• Examples: She stretched out a hand and lifted
the glass to her lips.
• There were beggars everywhere, pathetically
stretching their hands out to passers-by.
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23.bring (sb.) back to earth: cause (sb.) to stop daydreaming; cause (sb.) to
return to reality
• Examples: Emily's voice brought him back
to earth.
• Jack had been spending dl his time chatting
on 1ine with his key-pals until his parents
had a word with him and brought him back
to earth.
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24. in one's mind's eye: in one's imagination; in one's memory
• Examples: In his mind's eye, she is still a shy
girl.
• In my mind's eye, I can still see the house
where I was born.
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25. media: (collective noun) means of mass communication, e.g. TV, radio,
newspapers
• Examples: They are wondering whether bias in
the news media contributed to the candidate's
defeat.
• Much of what children learn comes directly
from the mass media.
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1. Michael’s dedication, determination and
discipline… family chores. (Lines 29-32)
Alliteration: An English device with the same
repeated consonant sound at intervals in the
initial position of words(头韵）.
An honor student: an excellent student
译文： 迈克尔的投入、决心和自律是每一个教
练梦寐以求的。作为一名优等生和家里唯一的
孩子，迈克尔坚持帮助父母承担农场上的一些
杂活。
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1.What does “hit sb. like a wet bale of hay” mean?
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2. Then it all hit him like a wet bale of hay. (Line
54)
1.What does “hit sb. like a wet bale of hay” mean?
If something hits you like a wet bale of hay, it comes
as a sudden, forceful and unpleasant surprise.
2. Use some adjectives to describe how Michael
felt at that time.
He felt anxious, tense, nervous, etc.
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1. Answer the following questions, using
the structure “It is…that…”.
Model: What brought Michael back to
earth?
It was either the eruption of the
people in the stands or the thump of
his landing that brought Michael back
to earth.
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1) What made it possible for a blind boy to set
a world record in pole vault?
_______________________________________
It was his dream and hard work that made it
_______________________________________
possible for him to set a world record in the
_______________
pole-vault.
2) When did you begin to learn English?
_______________________________________
It was nine years ago that I began to learn
English.
_______________________________________
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3. Who has ever exerted the greatest effort on
you?
________________________________________
It is my parents who have exerted the greatest
________________________________________
influence on me.
4. Where did you come across John?
It was in Central Park that I met John.
________________________________________
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2. Study the model and complete the following
sentences by translating the Chinese into English,
using what-clause:
Model 1: What he didn’t know was that his dad
was hugging his wife and crying.
Model 2: We know what you said.
(Text A, Unit 3, Book2)
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what the speaker wanted to
1.Obviously_______________________________
emphasize
was
_______________(这位发言人想要强调的是),
the impact of these findings rather than the
process that led to these findings.
2.It seems that he is never bothered about
what
people would think about his behavior
_________________________________________.
(别人是如何看待他的行为的)
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3. The CEO never hesitates to let his employee
what he is planning for the company
know____________________________________.
( 他在为公司做的计划)
4. The scientist will show the audience
what
a tele-operated robot can do for a family
_________________________________________.
(遥控机器人（tele-operated robot)能为家庭所
做的事)
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Key to exercises
Vocabulary
1. 1) startled
3) tension
5) sweating
7) vain
9) anxiety
11) emotions
13) In my mind’s eye
15) mere
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2) core
4) tense
6) stretched out
8) On one occasion
10) detail
12) ashamed of
14) recurring
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Key to exercises
Vocabulary
2. 1) Mrs. White’s birthday coincides with her
husband’s.
• 2) The writer was assisted in the preparation of this
article by other members of her family
• 3) It has been a week of alternate sunshine and rain.
• 4) Politics and philosophy had been his lifelong
passions, although he studied economics at
university.
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Key to exercises
Vocabulary
5) She grew tense as she waited for her first
TV interview.
3 1) media’s; bears out; grace
2) along with; congratulate them on
3) preparations; the intensity; to relax; numerous
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Key to exercises
Collacation
1) Mike, a Green, made the suggestion that a large
park be built near the community.
2) In the letter to his daughter, Mr. Smith expressed
her wish that she (should) continue her education to
acquire still another degree.
3) there is no reason to hold the belief that humans
have no direct moral responsibility to safeguard the
welfare of animals.
4) Children need to feel safe about the world
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Key to exercises
.
Collacation
they grow up in , and it is unwise to give them the
idea that everything they come into contact with
might be a threat.
5) Anxiety can result from the notion that life has not
treated us fairly.
6) Nobody believed his claim that he was innocent.
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Key to exercises
Words with Multiple Meanings
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I work out in the gym for one hour every morning.
Florance has worked as a cleaner at the factory for five years.
The wounded man worked his way across the field on his
hands and knees
The safe road for a truck of this type works out at about
twenty-five tons.
It is difficult to understand how human minds work
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Key to exercises
Words with Multiple Meanings
6.
7.
8.
To my disappointment, the manager’s plan of promoting the
new products doesn’t work at all.
The teacher has a lot of experience of working with children
who don’t know how to learn.
The media began to work one hour after the child took it.
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Key to exercises
Structure
1.
1) It was his dream and hard work that made it possible for
him to set a world record in the pole vault.
2) It was nine/ ten/ eleven years ago that I began to learn
English.
3) It is my parents/ my teachers/ my grandfather/ my brother
who have/ has exerted the greatest influence on me.
4) it was in Central Park/ the library/ the book store/ the post
office that I met John.
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Key to exercises
Structure
2. 1) What the speaker wanted to emphasize
was
2) what the people would think about his behavior
3) what he is planning for the company
4) what a tele-operated robot can do for a family
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Key to exercises
Comprehension Exercises
1. Close (A)
1. In my mind’s eye
3. sweating
5. tense
8.congratulate
10. emotion
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2. detail
4. realx
6. fantasy
9. media
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Key to exercises
Comprehension Exercises
1. Close (B)
1. what
4. rarely/never
7. got
10. life
13. After
2. for
5.will
8. Then
11. support
14. run
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3. an
6. longed
9. in
12.to
15.face
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Key to exercises
Comprehension Exercises
2. Translation
Psychologists have used numerous facts to bear
out the argument/ statement/ claim that in order to
recover speedily from negative emotion, you should
allow yourself to cry. You needn’t/don’t have to be
ashamed of crying. Anxiety and sorrow can flow of
the body along with tears.
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Key to exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Consider the case of/ Take Donna. Her son
unfortunately died in a car accident. The intensity of
the blow made her unable to cry. She said,” it was not
until two weeks later that I began to cry. And then I
felt as if a big stone had been lifted from my
shoulders. It was the tears that brought me back to
earth.”
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Assignment 1
Write a paragraph of 80 to 100 words about a person you
are familiar with. Brainstorm what you know about this
person -- stories, facts, etc. -- and use examples to illustrate
his/her individual characteristics.
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Text B
Fourteen Steps
(全新版）大学英语 BOOK TWO
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Main Idea
In this text, the author talks about his three lives. His birth
was the beginning of his first life. In his fifties, after he suffered
from a disease, he experienced his second life. Then, on a dark,
rainy night in 1971, after an old blind man and a little girl helped
him, he began his third life.
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Install vt.
1. Place or fix in position ready for use
2. establish (someone) in a new place, condition, or role
Examples:
• we're planning to install a new shower.
• Ashley installed herself behind her table.
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Sanity n.
1. the ability to think and behave in a normal and
rational manner; sound mental health
2. reasonable and rational behavior
Examples:
• I began to doubt my own sanity.
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Penetrate v.
succeed in understanding or gaining insight into
(something complex or mysterious)
Examples:
• a magician who seemed to have penetrated the
mysteries of nature.
一位好像已经洞察自然界秘密的魔术师。
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Suffer from (+ unhappy/ unpleasant things etc.)
Examples:
• Many people suffered from a great dread of heights.
His wife has suffered from ill health for some years.
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Sweep over
风靡，向。。。扩展；袭击，将。。。一扫而光
Examples:
• A storm swept over the country.
Cold winds swept over the barren plains.
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Jack up
1. raise something, especially a vehicle, with a jack
2. (informal) increase something by a considerable
amount.
3. (NZ informal) arrange or organize something
Examples:
France jacked up its key bank interest rate.
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Key to exercises
Comprehension Check
1.b 2.c 3.b 4.b 5.c 6.a
88
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Key to exercises
Translation
1. aid
4. in spite of
7. dismiss
9. impatient
11.optimistic
2. traits 3. inclined
5.horrible 6.penetrated
8. has suffered from
10.progressive
12. to a degree
89
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Key to exercises
13. ease
15. install
17. shortcomings
19.bumped
14. hold on to
16. in good health
18.intervals
20. miserable
90
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Thank you for your attention!
(全新版）大学英语 BOOK TWO