状语
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修饰动词、形容词、副词、或者整个句子，说
明动词或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。
状语
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She studies diligently. 副词作状
He lived in Shanghai. 介词短语作状
She came specially to see you. 不定式作状
Not knowing what do do, he went to the
teacher for help. 分词作状
Wherever you go, you should learn from
others. 从句作状
状语从句 adverbial clause

状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、
形容词和副词等。
The Adverbial Clause of Time
• 1.when , while, as , whenever
• 2.after , before , till/until, not…until
• 3.since
• 4.as soon as=the moment=the instant
•
•
=the minute=immediately=directly
no sooner…than…=hardly(scarely)…when…
• 5.every time=each time
• 6.by the time
• 7.the first time
1.时间状语从句
 1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。
例如：
 When he reached home, he had a
little rest.
 She broke a glass as she stood up.
 Just as / Just when / When I stopped
my car, a man came up to me. 我一刹
车，有一个人向我走来。
When you have finished your work, you
may have a rest. 赶完活后，你可以休息一
下。
2）as 表示 “一边…一边…”
He sang as he went along.
as 也可表示满意“随着．．．”
You will grow wiser as you grow older.
As the day went on, the weather
got worse. 日子一天天过去，天
气越变越坏。
3. While表示在．．．的时侯（期间）
Please write while I read.
while
as
when
when
1. Tom was about to go to bed _______the
telephone rang.
（and just at that moment)
As
2. _______the
day went by, the weather got
worse.
3. Two thieves broke in and stole her
handbag ____________she
while/ when
was asleep.
Error correction:
×
Each time when he came to town, he
would visit me.
I will let you know the news as soon as I
will get it tomorrow.
×
 1.The
children ran away from the
orchard the moment they saw the
guard.
 2.I thought her nice and honest the
first time I met her.
 3.They told me the news
immediately they got the message.
 4.
No sooner had I arrived home
than it began to rain.
 5. Hardly had I entered the room
when I heard a loud noise.
 6. I had scarcely got home when
it began to rain.
2.地点状语从句
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地点状语从句通常由where,
wherever 引导。例如：
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Where I live, there are plenty of
trees. 我住的地方有很多树。
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Wherever I am, I will be
thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我
都会想到你。
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You should put the book where
_______
you took it two days ago.
You should put the book in the
placewhere
_______________you
/ in which
took it
two days ago.
3.目的状语从句
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表示目的状语的从句可以由 so that,
in order that, lest(惟恐), for fear that,
in case,(万一,以 防) in the hope that,
for the purpose that等词引导。例如：
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You must speak louder so that /in
order that you can be heard by all. 你
必须大点声，别人就能听见了。
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He wrote the name down for
fear that（lest） he should
forget it. 他写下了这个名字以免以
后忘记。
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Better take more clothes in
case the weather is cold. 最好多
穿点衣服，以防天发冷。
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4.结果状语从句
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结果状语从句常由so…that… 或
such…that… so that, to the degree
that, to the extent that ,等引导．
 例如:
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The boy is so young that
he can't go to school. 这男孩年
龄太小，不能上学。
He is such a young boy
that he can‘t go to school．
注意so that引导状语从句，后有can为
目的，后无can为结果
 We put up our hands so that the
teacher could notice us. (目的)
 Sam didn’t say hello to Sarah this
morning, so that she felt sort of
upset. (结果)
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 Tom
took a taxi so that he could
get there on time.
 Tom took a taxi so that he got
there on time.
5.条件状语从句
 连接词主要有 if, unless/if…not,
as/so long as, as/so far as,
provided (that) = providing(that)=
 supposing that,on condition that,
once,等。
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unless = if not. 例如：
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如果不太累，我们去散散步。
1.If you are not too tied, let’s go out
for a walk.
=Let's go out for a walk unless you
are too tired.
2.Take the umbrella in case it rains.
3.You can borrow the book so long a
you return it on time.
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典型例题
You will be late ___ you leave immediately.
A. unless B. until C. if
D. or
答案A。句意：除非你立即走，否则你就
回迟到的。可转化为 If you don‘t leave
immediately, you will be late。B、D句意不
对，or表转折，句子应为 You leave
immediately or you will be late.
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6.方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由as, （just） as…so…,
as if, as though, in the way as, like,引导。
1）as, （just） as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句
后，但在（just） as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带
有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体。
例如：
Always do to the others as you would be done by (the
others).
你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。
As water is to fish, so air is (is air) to
man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不
开水。
 Just as we sweep our rooms, so we
should sweep backward ideas from
our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们
头脑中落后的东西。
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 2）as
if, as though
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两者的意义和用法相同，引出的
状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示
与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，
表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能
性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，
"好像……似的"。例如：
 They
completely ignore these
facts as if （as though） they
never existed. 他们完全忽略了这
些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。
（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
looks as if （as though） he
had been hit by lightning. 他那样
子就像被雷击了似的。（与过去事
实相反，谓语用虚拟语气）
 He
It looks as if the weather may
pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会
好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用
陈述语气。）
说明：as if / as though也可以引导
一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短
语。例如：
He stared at me as if (he was)
seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地
看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。
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He cleared his throat as if (he was)
to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像
要说什么似的。
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The waves dashed on the rocks as
if (they are) in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石，
好像很愤怒。
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 She
is behaving in the way as
her sister used to.
 She can’t cook like her mother
does.
 7.原因状语从句
 比较because,
since, as和for：
 1）because语势最强，用来说明人
所不知的原因，回答why提出的问
题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人
们所知，就用as或 since。例如：
我不去是因为我怕。
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
 天气那么糟，旅行不得不推迟了。
Since /As the weather is so bad, we
have to delay our journey.
As he is a League member, he is
ready to help others.
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 2）由because引导的从句如果放在
句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for
来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，
而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用
for。例如：
 他今天缺席，因为他病了。
He is absent today, because /
for he is ill.
 他一定病了，所以今天缺席。
He must be ill, for he is absent
today.
 now
that, seeing that,（既然）
considering that（考虑到） given that,
thanks to, in that,（因为）
 for the reason that等也可引导原因状语
从句
8.让步状语从句
 1）though, although引导的让步状语
从句，后面的从句不能有but，但是
though 和yet, still可连用。例如：
 Although it's raining, they are still
working in the field. 虽然在下雨，但
他们仍在地里干活。
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虽然他很老了，但仍然努力地工作。
He is very old, but he still works very
hard.
=Although he is very old, but he still
works very hard.（错误）
= Though he is very old, he still works
very hard.
2） as, though 引导的让步从句必须表语或状语
提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。
例如：
Child as /though he was, he knew what
was the right thing to do.
虽然是个小孩，该做什么不做什么，他全知道。
Young as she is, she knows a lot.
even if, even though 即使。
例如：
We'll make a trip even though
the weather is bad. 即使天气不好，
我们也要去远足。
 3）
whether…or not… 不
管……都。例如：
Whether you believe it or not, it
is true.
信不信由你，这确实是真的。
 4）
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5） “no matter +疑问词” 或“疑问
词+后缀ever” 。例如：
 No matter what happened, he would
not mind. =Whatever happened, he
would not mind. 不管发生什么，他不
在意。
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9.比较状语从句
 由从属连词as…as, not so (as) … as,
than, the + 比较级（从句）+ 比较级
（主句）等引导。
 Hangzhou is not so (as) large as
Shanghai.
 The more I can do for the class, the
happier I’ll be.
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He is as clever as I.
 She is taller than Mary.
 The more you read the happier you
will be.
 He is no taller than I=He is as short
as I.
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EXERCISES:
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You will be late ____ you leave immediately .
A . unless B . until C . if D . or
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____ I saw the computer , I showed great interest
in it .
A . At first B . For the first time
C.
Until D . The first time
EXERCISES:
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I often visited Tian An Men Square ____ I
was staying in Beijing .
A . until B . during C . while D .
throughout
He always thinks I' m wrong , _____I may
say .
A. no matter whatever B. whatever
C. what D. that
EXERCISES:
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People don't know the value of health
____ they lose it .
A. till B. before C. after D. Either
A or B
I hurried ____ I wouldn't be late for class .
A . since B . so that C . as if D .
unless
EXERCISES:
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____ you can't answer the question , I'll
ask someone else .
A . Unless B . Since C . While D .
Although
His memory is so good ____ his brain
were an advanced computer .
A . as if B . that C . even if D . as
EXERCISES:
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If you ____ him , be sure to ask him if he
____ for Australia next week .
A . will meet ; will sail B . will meet ;
sail
C . meet ; sail
D . meet ; will
sail
____ the rain has stopped , let's continue
to work .
A . For B . Now that C . That D .
Because