Most definitions and example sentences are taken from either the Merrium-
Webster Online
Learners’s
Dictionary or the
NorthStar 3
Reading and
Writing Book (3 rd
Edition)

• Noun : one of the great divisions of land
(such as North America, South
America, Europe, Asia, Africa,
Australia, or Antarctica)
• Antarctica is the frozen continent.

• Adjective : far away from other people, houses, cities, etc.
• We live in a remote town.

• Synonym: icy, iced covered
• Adjective : a hard substance (such as ice) because of cold
• Our ships passed a huge field of frozen sea.

• Noun : a measurement that indicates how hot or cold something is
• Water boils at a temperature of 212°F.

• Adjective :
1. unpleasant or difficult
- The climate in Antarctica is very harsh.
2. severe or cruel
- Your comments are very harsh.
- The punishment is very harsh.

• Noun : a very large area of ice that moves slowly down a slope, valley or over a wide area of land
• Part of our Antarctic tour was seeing a glacier.

• Noun : a very large piece of ice floating in the ocean
• We cruised through the icebergs as part of our
Antarctic tour.

• Adjective : very large
• This dog is huge.

• Noun : all the visible features of land
• She likes to paint landscapes.
• Antarctica has a beautiful landscape.

Noun : 1. a combination of qualities, such as shape, color or form that pleases the senses.
– Her beauty is beyond compare.
– I have no words to describe the beauty of Antarctica.
2. a beautiful woman
– She was one of the great beauties of her time.

• Synonym: picturesque
• Adjective : relating to a beautiful view of natural scenery
• Let’s take the scenic route along the coast.
• Antarctica is very scenic.

• Adjective : very great in size, amount or extent
• The girl in the picture is looking at a vast landscape.
• She has a vast amount of knowledge.

• Noun : the land near the sea or ocean
• He lives on the coast.

• Verb : to live in an area or place
• Penguins inhabit
Antarctica.

• Synonym: breakable, delicate
• Adjective : easily broken or damaged
• Because of climate change, some fragile plants and animals in
Antarctica might die.

• Noun : a person who travels to a place for pleasure
• The museum attracts a lot of tourists.
• In the summer, the town is filled with tourists.

• Noun :
1. the activity of traveling to a place for pleasure
1. the business of providing hotels, restaurants, entertainment etc. for people who are traveling
• She has a job in tourism.
• Scientists want Antarctica to be closed to tourism.

• Noun : the practice of traveling to beautiful, natural places in a way that does not damage the environment there

• Noun : 1. the conditions that surround someone or something
– He grew up in a loving environment.
– Many plants are unable to survive in such a harsh environment.
2. the environment = the natural world
– Tourists in Antarctica can also hurt the environment.

• Adjective : not made or caused by humans
- I like to take pictures in natural light.
- Her hair color is natural.

• Synonyms: result, outcome, consequence
• Noun : a change that is the result of an action
or cause.
• Tourism in Antarctica can have bad effects on the environment.

• Synonyms: result, outcome, effect (often used to express negative outcomes)
• Noun : something that happens as a result of an action
• If we don’t protect
Antarctica from tourism, there may be a serious consequences for us all.

• Synonym: maintain
• Verb : to keep something in it’s original state or in good condition
• This building is historic; we must preserve it.

• Noun :
1. a sweet food made of fruit cooked in sugar
2. an area where plants and animals are protected

• Synonym: defend
• Verb : to keep someone or something safe from harm
• We need to protect the
Earth.
• Don’t worry! I will protect you.

• Verb : to study carefully; to collect information
– Scientists are researching the relationship between stress and heart disease.
• Noun : careful study that is done to find and report new knowledge about something
– In 1959, 12 countries signed the Antarctic Treaty to preserve the continent for scientific research.

• Adjective :
1. of or relating to science
2. done in an organized way that agrees with the methods and principles of science
• The scientific research in
Antarctica is important.

• Noun : a layer of ozone in the upper atmosphere that prevents the sun’s radiation from reaching the surface of the Earth

• Noun : the light of the sun
• The early morning sunlight is beautiful.