Human Biology
Sylvia S. Mader
Michael Windelspecht
Chapter 5
Cardiovascular System:
Heart and Blood Vessels
Lecture Outline
Part 1
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Cardiovascular System:
Heart and Blood Vessels
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Points to ponder
• What are the functions of the cardiovascular
system?
• What is the anatomy of the heart? Of blood
vessels, such as veins and arteries?
• How is the heart beat regulated?
• What is blood pressure?
• What are common cardiovascular diseases and
how might you prevent them?
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5.1 Overview of the Cardiovascular System
What is the cardiovascular system?
• It includes the _____ and ________________.
• It brings _________ to cells and helps get rid of
______.
• Blood is __________ in the lung, kidneys, intestine, and
liver.
• ___________ vessels help this system by collecting
excess fluid surrounding tissues and returning it to the
cardiovascular system.
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5.1 Overview of the Cardiovascular System
What is the cardiovascular system?
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
CO2
O2
Respiratory System
tissue cells
Cardiovascular System
food
kidneys
liver
Digestive System
Figure 5.1 The cardiovascular system
and homeostasis.
indigestible
food residues (feces)
Urinary System
metabolic wastes
(urine)
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5.1 Overview of the Cardiovascular System
What are the functions of the
cardiovascular system?
1. Generate ___________
2. Transport _____
3. Exchange of nutrients and wastes at the
______________
4. Regulate _________ as needed
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5.2 The Types of Blood Vessels
What is the main pathway of
blood in the body?
• Heart – arteries – arterioles – capillaries –
venules – veins – back to the heart…
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5.2 The Types of Blood Vessels
Arteries and arterioles
• Arteries carry blood _________ the heart.
• Their walls have 3 layers.
– Thin inner ____________
– Thick ___________ layer
– Outer ____________ tissue
• _____________ are small arteries that regulate
blood pressure.
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5.2 The Types of Blood Vessels
Capillaries
• Microscopic vessels between arterioles and
venules
• Made of ________ of epithelial tissue
• Form beds of vessels where __________
with body cells occurs
• Combined large _____________
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5.2 The Types of Blood Vessels
Capillaries
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artery
connective
tissue
arteriole
a.
precapillary
sphincter
blood
flow
capillary bed
elastic tissue
arteriovenous
shunt
endothelium
smooth muscle
v.
valve
venule
blood
flow
vein
v. = vein; a. = artery
(left): © Ed Reschke; (right): © Biophoto Associates/Photo Researchers
Figure 5.2 Structure of a capillary bed.
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5.2 The Types of Blood Vessels
Veins and venules
• ___________ are small veins that receive blood
from the capillaries.
• Venule and vein walls have 3 layers.
– Thin inner __________
– Thick ______________ layer
– Outer ___________ tissue
• Veins carry blood __________ the heart.
• Veins that carry blood against gravity have
_______ to keep blood flowing toward the heart.
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5.2 The Types of Blood Vessels
How can you tell the difference
between an artery and vein?
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
artery
connective
tissue
arteriole
a.
precapillary
sphincter
blood
flow
elastic tissue
arteriovenous
shunt
endothelium
smooth muscle
v.
valve
venule
blood
flow
vein
v.=vein; a.=artery
(left): © Ed Reschke
Figure 5.2 Structure of a capillary bed.
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5.3 The Heart is a Double Pump
Anatomy of the heart
• Large, muscular organ consisting of mostly
cardiac tissue called the ___________
• Surrounded by a sac called the ____________
• Consists of 2 sides, right and left, separated by a
_______
• Consists of 4 chambers: 2 atria and 2 ventricles
• 2 sets of valves: semilunar valves and
atrioventricular valves (AV valves)
• Valves produce the _____ and _____ sounds of
the heartbeat
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5.3 The Heart is a Double Pump
External anatomy of the heart
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left subclavian artery
left common carotid artery
brachiocephalic artery
superior vena cava
aorta
left pulmonary artery
pulmonary trunk
left pulmonary veins
right pulmonary artery
right pulmonary veins
left atrium
left cardiac vein
right atrium
right coronary artery
left ventricle
right ventricle
left anterior descending
coronary artery
inferior vena cava
apex
Figure 5.3 The arteries and veins associated with
the human heart.
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5.3 The Heart is a Double Pump
Internal anatomy of the heart
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
left subclavian artery
left common carotid artery
brachiocephalic artery
superior vena cava
aorta
left pulmonary artery
pulmonary trunk
left pulmonary veins
right pulmonary artery
right pulmonary veins
semilunar valve
left atrium
right atrium
atrioventricular
(bicuspid) valve
atrioventricular
(tricuspid) valve
chordae tendineae
papillary muscles
right ventricle
septum
left ventricle
inferior vena cava
a.
Figure 5.4a The heart is a double pump.
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