Health Occupations
Tissues
Tissues
Cells of the same type form together for
a common purpose
 60 – 99% water with various dissolved
substances
 Dehydration – not enough tissue fluid
 Edema – too much tissue fluid

Types of tissue

Epithelial tissue
– Covers body surface
– Mainly skin
– Lines respiratory, intestinal, circulatory, &
urinary tract
– Also in glands to produce secretions
Types of tissue

Connective Tissue
– Support organs & other body parts
• Soft – adipose or fatty tissue
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–
–
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Stores fat
Insulates body
Acts as padding
Fibrous – ligaments, tendons
» Holds body structures together
• Hard – cartilage & bone
– Cartilage –
» Tough elastic material found between bones of spine
& ends of long bones
» Acts as shock absorber & allows flexibility
» Nose, ears, larynx – provides shape & form
Types of tissue

Hard connective tissue
– Bone
• Has calcium salts, nerves, blood vessels
• Called osseous tissue
• Helps to form body’s rigid structure

Liquid connective tissue – vascular
– Blood
• Carries nutrients & oxygen to cells
• Carries wastes & carbon dioxide away
– Lymph
• Transports tissue fluid, protein, fat, & other materials from
tissues to the circulatory system
Types of tissue

Nerve tissue
– Made up of neurons
– Controls & coordinates body activities by
transmitting messages through body
– Nerves, brain, spinal cord

Muscle tissue
– Produces power & movement by contracting
muscle fibers
– Types
• Skeletal – attaches to bones, allows body movement
• Cardiac – causes heart to beat
• Visceral – present in walls of respiratory, digestive,
urinary tracts & blood vessels
Systems of the body
Organs – 2 or more tissues joined
together to perform a specific function
 System – organs & body parts joined
together to perform a specific function
 Cells combine = tissue
 Tissues combine = organs
 Organs & parts combine = system

Systems of the body

Integumentary
– Protects body from injury, infection,
dehydration
– Regulates body temp
– Eliminates wastes
– Produces Vitamin D
– Organs – skin, sweat/oil glands, nails, hair
Body Systems

Skeletal
– Creates body framework
– Protects internal organs
– Produces blood cells
– Acts as lever for muscles
– Organs – bones, cartilage
Body Systems

Muscular
– Produces movement
– Protects internal organs
– Produces body heat
– Maintains posture
– Organs –
• Skeletal muscle
• Smooth muscle
• cardiac muscle
Body Systems

Nervous
– Coordinates activities
– Controls body activities
– Organs –
• Nerves
• Brain
• Spinal cord
Body Systems

Special Senses
– Allow body to react to environment
– Provides sight, hearing, taste, smell, & balance
– Organs –
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Eye
Ear
Nose
Tongue
Sense receptors
Body Systems

Circulatory
– Carries oxygen & nutrients to body cells
– Carries waste & carbon dioxide away from body
cells
– Produces cells to fight infection
– Organs –
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Heart
Blood vessels
Blood
spleen
Body Systems

Lymphatic
– Carries some tissue fluid & wastes to blood
– Assists with fighting infection
– Organs –
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Lymph nodes
Lymph vessels
Spleen
Thymus
Tonsils
Body Systems

Respiratory
– Breathes in oxygen
– Breathes out carbon dioxide
– Organs –
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Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
Body Systems

Digestive
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Digests food physically & chemically
Transports food
Absorbs nutrients
Eliminates waste
Organs
•
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Mouth
Salivary glands
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Intestine
Liver
Gall bladder
pancreas
Body Systems
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Urinary
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Filters blood
Maintains fluid balance
Maintains electrolyte balance
Produces & eliminates urine
Organs
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Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Body Systems

Endocrine
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Produces hormones
Secretes hormones
Regulates body processes
Organs
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Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal
Thymus
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes
Body Systems

Reproductive
– Provides for reproduction
– Organs
• Male
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Testes, epidiymis
Vas deferens, urethra
Ejaculatory duct,
Seminal vesicles,
Prostate gland, penis
• Female
– Ovaries, fallopian tubes
– Uterus, vagina, breasts
Body Planes
Imaginary lines drawn through the body
at various points to separate body into
sections
 Types
Transverse or axial
Midsaggital or median
Frontal or coronal

Transverse plane

Horizontal, divides body in top half &
bottom half
– Superior – body parts above other parts
– Inferior – body parts below other parts
– Cranial – towards head
– Caudal – body parts near sacral region or
tail
Midsaggital or Median plane

Vertical, divides body into right & left
– Medial – near midline
– Lateral – away from midline
– Proximal – close to midline
– Distal – away from midline
Frontal or coronal plane

Divides body into front & back
– Ventral – front side or stomach side
– Dorsal – back side
– Anterior – front side or stomach side
– Posterior – back side
Cavities of the body

Cranial
– Brain

Spinal
– Spinal column

Thoracic
– Esophagus, trachea,
– Bronchi, lungs, heart
– Large blood vessels
Cavities of the body

Abdominal
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Stomach, liver,
Small intestine
Most of large intestine
Appendix, gall bladder
Pancreas, spleen
Pelvic
– Urinary bladder,
– Reproductive organs
– Last of large intestine
Abdominal cavity

So large that it is divided up into
quadrant or region
Right
hypo
chond
riac
Right
lumbar
Right
iliac
Epi
gastric
Umbili
cal
Hypo
gastric
Left
Hypo
Chond
riac
Left
lumbar
Left
iliac