All of the following except _____ is a major
function of blood.
1. Transport of dissolved gases, nutrients and
hormones
2. Stabilization of body temperature
3. Provides storage for calcium ions
4. Defense against toxins and pathogens
Which characteristics of blood contribute to its
high viscosity?
1. Its temperature is slightly above body
temperature.
2. Interactions among proteins, formed
elements, and water molecules in plasma.
3. Its alkalinity.
4. The percentage of body weight it
comprises.
Why is venipuncture a common technique for
obtaining a blood sample?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Blood pressure is relatively low in veins.
Superficial veins are easy to locate.
Venous walls are thinner than arterial walls.
All of the above are correct.
What is the primary difference between plasma
and interstitial fluid?
1. Plasma contains significantly more protein.
2. Interstitial fluid contains no respiratory
gases.
3. The concentration of ions is significantly
less in plasma.
4. Interstitial fluid contributes very little to the
volume of ECF in the body.
A deficiency of albumin in plasma contributes to __.
1. A decrease in the ability for blood to clot
2. A decrease in the ability to fight infection
3. A decrease in osmotic pressure and
decrease in transport of fatty acids
4. A decrease in transport of hormone binding
proteins and steroid binding proteins
In which organ are most plasma proteins
synthesized?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Spleen
Bone marrow
Kidneys
Liver
What accounts for males’ HCT (~46) being higher
than females’ HCT (~42)?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Males are larger than females.
Females’ RBCs are smaller than males’ RBCs.
Androgens stimulate RBC production.
Estrogens breakdown RBCs at a faster rate
than they are produced.
All of the following except ___ leads to a
decrease in HCT.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Dehydration
Hemorrhage
Problems with RBC formation
Anemia
Why is it important that the iron–oxygen
interaction in oxyhemoglobin is weak?
1. So that an irreversible bond forms between
oxygen and the hemoglobin molecule
2. So that oxygen may dissociate into tissues
3. Because RBCs consume some of the oxygen
they carry
4. Because carbon dioxide has a higher affinity
for the iron molecule
There are ~280 million Hb molecules in one RBC. A
single Hb molecule carries ___ molecule(s) of O2,
which means that a single RBC carries about ____
O2 molecules.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1/280 million
8/2 billion
2/1 million
4/1 billion
Under normal conditions, what is the fate of the
globular proteins of a recycled hemoglobin molecule?
1.
2.
3.
4.
They are filtered by the kidneys and eliminated in
urine.
They are disassembled into their component
amino acids.
They are stripped of their heme unit and converted
into biliverdin.
They are converted to bilirubin and excreted in
bile.
Tracey has been diagnosed with pernicious anemia.
Which of the following conditions contributed to his
illness?
1.
2.
3.
4.
He has a vitamin B12 deficiency.
He has more than the normal percentage of
RBCs.
He has an iron deficiency.
He is producing too much intrinsic factor.
Which condition(s) stimulates the release of EPO?
What is/are effects of EPO?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The presence of deoxyhemoglobin in the blood/
decreases the rate of hemoglobin synthesis
Blood flow to the kidneys declines/Stimulates
increase in cell division rates of erythroblasts
Moving to a high altitude/Speeds up maturation
of RBCs
2 and 3 are correct
What is the nature of and purpose of surface
antigens on RBCs?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Glycoproteins in the cytoplasm/substances that
your body recognizes as foreign
Receptor proteins/they aid the entry of oxygen to
RBCs
Peripheral proteins/they trigger an immune
response
Integral membrane glycoproteins or glycolipids/
substances your immune system recognizes as
“normal”
If Sarah has surface antigen A on her RBCs, what
blood type does she have? What type of antibodies are
in her plasma?
1.
2.
3.
4.
O/Anti-A and Anti-B
B/Anti-A
A/Anti-B
AB/None
Christopher has blood type O. What blood type(s) can
he receive from a donor? Why?
1. O/he has anti-A and anti-B antibodies in his
plasma
2. A, B, or O/he has no surface antigens on his
RBCs
3. A or O/he has anti-B surface antigens on his
RBCs
4. None of the above is correct.
Why can’t a person with Type A blood safely
receive blood from a person with Type B blood?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mixing blood types causes infections in the
recipient.
The anti-A antibodies in Type A’s plasma would
react with Type B’s donated blood.
Type B blood would agglutinate in the recipients
blood vessels and plug small vessels to vital
organs.
All of the above are correct.
Why is it unlikely that the antibodies in a Type O
donors plasma would cause a transfusion
reaction in a Type A recipient?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Surface antigens on RBCs are more important in
determining compatibility.
The plasma portion of donated blood is tiny when
compared to the volume of plasma in the
recipient’s body.
Plasma is not transfused in blood donations.
O blood doesn’t have any antibodies in its
plasma.
Why is cross-matching performed, though both
donor and recipient are known to be the same
blood type?
1.
2.
3.
4.
It reveals the presence of potential cross-reactions
with surface antigens other than A, B, or Rh.
It ensures that neither donor nor recipient is
anemic.
It confirms the HIV status of the donor.
It ensures that the donor does not have WBCs
outside the normal range.
All of the following except ____ are
characteristics of all types of WBCs.
1.
2.
3.
4.
They can leave capillaries by diapedesis
They are capable of amoeboid movement
They are phagocytic
They are attracted to specific chemical stimuli
Which type of WBC is found in greatest numbers
in an infected cut?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Monocytes
Neutrophils
B lymphocytes
Eosinophils
Sam has an infestation of large parasitic worms.
Which of the following will happen?
1. Eosinophils will release cytotoxic enzymes
from their granules.
2. Lymphocytes will engulf the worms by
phagocytosis.
3. Basophils will release histamine.
4. All types of WBCs will be damaged by the
parasites, causing leukopenia.
Monocytes transform into ____ in tissues, where
they ____.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Basophils/exacerbate inflammation
Plasma cells/synthesize and release antibodies
Macrophages/are phagocytic and release
chemicals that attract neutrophils
Natural killer cells/detect and destroy abnormal
tissue cells
Which of the following is not true of platelets?
1.
2.
3.
4.
They are packets of cytoplasm produced from
megakaryocytes.
They release chemicals important to clotting.
Their formation is stimulated by thrombopoietin.
There are about 3.5 million platelets in a
microliter of blood.
Which of the phases of hemostasis occurs first?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Platelet phase
Vascular phase
Fibrinolysis phase
Coagulation phase
What contributions from the Extrinsic and Intrinsic
Pathways help form the enzyme complex necessary
to begin the Common Pathway?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Factors VIII and IX from the Extrinsic pathway/
factor VII from the Intrinsic pathway
Factor III from the Extrinsic pathway/factor XII
from the Intrinsic pathway
Factor VII from the Extrinsic pathway/factors VIII
and IX from the Intrinsic pathway
None of the above is correct