A Suggested US-Taiwan Cooperative Project
Development of Extreme Hazard
Induced Bridge Failure Database
By
George C. Lee
University at Buffalo
US-Taiwan Bridge Engineering Workshop
MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTER FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH
Acknowledgement
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FHWA Project on Multi-hazard Studies
Dr. P. Yen
Program Manager
Project Co-workers:
Dr. E. Sternberg
University at Buffalo
Dr. M. Tong
University at Buffalo
MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTER FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH
Outline
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The Need To Consider Multihazards And Extreme
Events
The Need of A Platform For Hazards
Assessment, Calibration and Comparison.
A possible US-Taiwan Cooperative Project –
Database For Earthquake and Hydraulic Hazards
Summary
MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTER FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH
Structural Design (LRFD)
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Capacity > Demand
Safety Margin Is Provided By Using Strength
Reduction Factors For Capacity And Overload
Factors For Demand
Various Uncertainties Involved In Establishing
These Factors And In Their Proper
Combinations
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Uncertainties
Resistance
 Design
 Material
 Construction
 Maintenance
 Etc.
Load Effects
 Conventional Loads
 Extreme Events
 Combinations
 Etc.
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Uncertainties
Resistance
 Design
 Material
 Construction
 Maintenance
 Etc.
Load Effects
 Conventional Loads
 Extreme Events
 Combinations
 Etc.
Understand and Reduce Uncertainties in These
Issues For Bridge Engineering Application
MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTER FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH
Some Noted Bridge Failure in
US.*
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503 Cases of Bridge Failure Between 1989
and 2000 (12 years Period)
Caused of Failure Difficult to Judge
(Complex Interaction Between Load Effects
And Resistance)
Estimated 80+% of These Failures Are
Primarily Due to Extreme Events
* Wardhaua and Hadipriono (2003)
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Wardhaua And Hadipriono Study
Externally Caused Failures (Extensive Loads)
Hydraulic
52.88%
Collision
11.73%
Overload
8.75%
Earthquake
3.38%
Fire
3.18%
Ice
1.99%
Storm/Hurricane
0.4%
82.31%
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Bridge Failures Since 2003
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2004 India Ocean Tsunami (Numerous
Publications)
2005 Katrina Disaster (MCEER 2005, NIST
2006)
Other Extreme Events Not Yet
Documented/Published
Strong Indication That Extreme Events
Have Multihazard Features
MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTER FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH
Bridge Failures Since 2003
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2004 India Ocean Tsunami (Numerous
Publications)
2005 Katrina Disaster (MCEER 2005, NIST
2006)
Other Extreme Events Not Yet
Documented/Published
Strong Indication That Extreme Events
Have Multihazard Features
MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTER FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH
The Need For A Platform
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To Begin A Sustained And Organized
Database Development Effort For Design
Against Extreme Events
Initial Phase To Establish Standardized
Definitions And Ground Rules For
Multihazard Extreme Events
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Categories Of Multihazard
Extreme Events
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Single Event
Combined Multihazard Event
Consequent Multihazard Event
Subsequent Multihazard Event
Simultaneous Multihazard Event
Note: The above are listed in Approximate order
from more to least likelihood of occurrence
MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTER FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH
A Suggested US –Taiwan Cooperative
Project On Bridge Engineering
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Development of Earthquakes and Hydraulic
Hazards Database For Highway Bridges
Scope:
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Emphasis given to bridge damage modes and related
issues due to extreme events in selected regions.
Express this information on an electronic platform
according to a set of definitions and format to be
established.
MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTER FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH
Initial Thoughts On A Framework For
Database Development
Triggering
Event
Meteorological
(Hurricane,
Typhoons,
Heavy Rain Fall)
Geological
(Earthquake)
Combined, Consequent
& Subsequent
Multihazard Platform
Induced
Geomorphic and
Hydrological
Hazards
Database
Information
Damage and
Failure Modes of
Highway (Standard)
Bridges Due to
Single Event,
Combined,
Consequent and
Subsequent
Multihazard Events
MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTER FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH
Initial Thoughts On A Framework For
Database Development
Triggering
Event
Combined, Consequent
& Subsequent
Multihazard Platform
Meteorological
(Hurricane,
Typhoons,
Heavy Rain Fall)
Geological
(Earthquake)
Induced
Geomorphic and
Hydrological
Hazards
Database
Information
Damage and
Failure Modes of
Highway (Standard)
Bridges Due to
Single Event,
Combined,
Consequent and
Subsequent
Multihazard Events
MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTER FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Landslide
Tsunamis
?
Storm Surge
?
Severe Wind
&/Or Rain Storm
Load
Effects
on
Bridges
Debris Flow
Scour
River Flooding
Vessel
Collision
MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTER FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH
Bridges
There are many ways to classify bridges according to
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Material
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Construction Method
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Structural Type
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Crossing Method
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Span and Total Length
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Etc.
MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTER FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH
Bridges
There are many ways to classify bridges according to
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Material
Construction Method
Structural Type
Crossing Method
Span and Total Length
Etc.
• Concrete
• Prestressed Concrete
• Steel
• Aluminum
• Wood
• Stone
• Etc.
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Bridges
• Integral constructed bridge
There are many ways to classify bridges according to
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Material
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Construction Method
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Structural Type
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Crossing Method
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Span and Total Length
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Etc.
• Segmental constructed bridge
MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTER FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH
Bridges
There are many ways to classify bridges
tobridge
Simpleaccording
supported beam
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Material
• Girder
Continuous beam bridge
Cantilever beam bridge
• Truss
 Construction Method
• Rigid frame
Deck bridge
 Structural Type
• Arch
Half through bridge
 Crossing Method
Through bridge
• Cable-stayed
 Span and Total Length
• Suspension
 Etc.
• Combined system
• Etc.
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Bridge Components
 Superstructure
Deck system, cable, tower, upright column,
suspenders, arch rib, wind brace
 Connections: bearing
 Substructure: pier, abutment
 Foundation
Shallow: Spread foundation
Deep: Pile foundation
 Etc.
MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTER FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH
Initial Thoughts On A Framework For
Database Development
Identify Key
Parameters for Hazard
Comparison
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Methodology To
Evaluate and Compare
Multi-Hazards Load
Effects On Bridges
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MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTER FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH
Initial Thoughts On A Framework For
Database Development
Development of Multihazard Design
Approaches and Procedures
MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTER FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH
Summary
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Multiple hazard design of highway bridges is a
complex problem.
In order to carry out a systematic study to
evaluate and compare the extreme hazard load
effects on bridges, a uniform methodology is
needed, and calibrated with real-world data.
Database may be developed by international
partnerships.
MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTER FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH