Earthquake Readiness Capacity Building
Project 2009
This presentation is part of the 2009 CDEMA Earthquake
Readiness Public Awareness & Education Campaign in the
Caribbean
This toolkit is downloadable from http://www.weready.org
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Earthquake Preparedness
Facility Disaster Planning Audit outline
Mitigation to reduce further damage
Activating the earthquake Plan
Earthquake evacuation
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AN EARTHQUAKE IS A DISASTER
“Any event that overwhelms
existing resources to deal with
such an event.”
Webster’s dictionary
Major public building
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KEY ELEMENTS OF DISASTERS
Unexpected
Personnel overwhelmed
Lives, health and environment under threat
L.A. Fire Department
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INFRASTRUCTURAL IMPACTS
L.A. Fire Department
 Transportation Impacts – cannot assess or access
 Interruption in flow of vital supplies
 Increased risk of further damage from falling debris
 Damaged institutions unable to function
 Utilities affected / halted
 Coordination of response hampered
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EFFECTS FROM INFRSATRUCTURAL IMPACTS
Loss of Utilities
Telecommunications disrupted
Increased risk of fires and electric shock
Loss of contact between victims and service providers
Inadequate water supply
Increased public health risks
Haiti school collapse
2008
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MAJOR EARTHQUAKE INCIDENT PLANNING
Does your Emergency Management Plan
Address the following issues?
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DOES YOUR HEALTH-CARE FACILITY HAVE ...
Mitigation & Preparedness
1. A process to assess damage to structure and infrastructure
3. Defined criteria and procedures to evacuate all or sections of the facility
based on damage assessments?
4. Criteria and triggers to cancel procedures and all non-essential services in
the event of an earthquake?
5. A plan for contacting personnel (i.e., staff call back lists) and a backup
system if primary systems fail?
6. Procedures to manage volunteers and donated items?
7. Procedures for augmenting staff levels/managing with limited staff ?
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www.toodoc.com/Earthquake-safety-protocol-in-hospital-ebook.html
2. Procedures to establish redundant communications?
IS THERE A PLAN/ PROCESS,PROCEDURES TO...
Response & Recovery
www.toodoc.com/Earthquake-safety-protocol-in-hospital-ebook.html
1. Determine the status of communication systems with the outside?
2. Establish alternate care sites and relocated services provided in
damaged areas?
3. Protocols to manage injuries?
4. Secure ‘unsafe’ areas of the facility?
5. Communicate situation status to internally and to the outside?
6. A surge capacity plan ?
7. Assess/Refine current surge capacity?
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Does your health-care facility have...
9. A process to inventory available supplies, equipment and personnel?
10. Procedures to track patients and beds?
11. A process for obtaining supply and equipment supplementation?
12. A process for determining food/water needs for 72 hours and plan for
obtaining needed supplies?
13. Procedures for assessment, documentation of and action plan for
facility damage, system restoration and repair?
14. A process for reporting all injuries, system failures, and long term
damage to state licensing and certification authorities as required?
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www.toodoc.com/Earthquake-safety-protocol-in-hospital-ebook.html
8. A procedure for managing discharged patients?
IS THERE A PLAN/ PROCESS,PROCEDURES TO...
www.toodoc.com/Earthquake-safety-protocol-in-hospital-ebook.html
15. Submit cost for disaster reimbursement ?
16. Regularly reassess status of the facility and adjusting operations
accordingly?
17. Resupply fuel for the generators to maintain power?
18. Track costs, expenses and provide reports?
19. Prepare final damage reports/ restoration and repair plans?
20. Criteria to confirm restoration of the facility to normal function?
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PLAN/ PROCESS/PROCEDURES/CRITERIA...
22. Resuming normal operations such as surgeries, procedures, and out
patient services?
23. Providing mental health support and stress management services to
employees, patients and families?
24. Providing staff dependent care services such as elderly and child care?
25. Participate in after action review with local emergency management
and community partners?
26. Conducting an after action review and develop after action report and
improvement plan
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www.toodoc.com/Earthquake-safety-protocol-in-hospital-ebook.html
21. To confirm restoration of the facility to normal function?
Preparedness & Mitigation
Reducing loss from earthquake damage
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THE TIME TO ENSURE EVERYONE IS
FAMILIAR WITH EMERGENCY
PROCEDURES
IS BEFORE AN EMERGENCY!
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MAKE A PLAN FOR YOUR FACILITY
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BEFORE AN EARTHQUAKE
Eliminate Non-structural hazards
-Falling (Maintenance)
-Fire (Fire safety authorities)
-Advice (NEMO)
Practice Drill and Evacuation Procedures
(Evacuation team)
Prepare and Practice the response plan(All staff)
Prepare for up to 3/5 days survival (Food, water,
medicine, toiletries, back up power etc (Maintenance & Management
Team)
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Place Emergency Plans & Tips at strategic locations –
e.g. inside the main entrances, stairways, near elevators
Earthquake can trigger fires. Know where the fire extinguishers and
fire alarms are
Learn/ Train on how to use a fire extinguisher before a fire
Know the exit routes from your office, floor, and building
Review the EMERGENCY EVACUATION PLANS
Know the location of the designated Assembly Area
Know the location of the nearest exit and an
alternate one
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DISCUSS/REFINE THE PLAN
Make sure the whole team is familiar with the
Evacuation Plan
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In kitchens - In the Laundry - In the store room – Un-braced Furniture, unbraced equipment - Chemicals - Electrical
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Gas
- Leaky faucets –
uncovered outlets
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SECURE NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
A high percentage of earthquake loss is caused by failure of :
o
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ceilings,
windows,
doors,
partitions,
cupboard and shelves,
external cladding/siding
electrical & mechanical systems,
& other components of buildings.
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1. Assemble Disaster supplies
2. Develop an Disaster Plan with your
team
3. Identify a ‘Safe room’
4. Develop a plan to access
designated shelters
5. Conduct earthquake drills
6. Move beds away from windows
7. Relocate heavy or breakable
objects to lower ground
8. Use seismic bracing to bolt down
heavy furniture and fixtures
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DOWNLOAD MORE INFORMATION
www.cdera.org
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Some more examples
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Pre-Earthquake mitigation prevented greater damage to
this school. Gas valves were also secured to prevent
leakage following an earthquake.
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(Photo credit: John Shea)
PREPARE SURVIVAL KITS
Medical kits, non-perishable food, Water purification tablets or plain bleach, nonelectric can openers, drinking water, lightweight sanitising supplies, clothes,
flashlight with, batteries, portable radio, important records, facial masks and
caps, credit cards, first aid kits, blankets, toolkit containing crowbar and wrench,
etc.
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CUSTOMIZE KIT/s FOR YOUR INST.
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DURING THE EARTHQUAKE
ACTIVATING THE EARTHQUAKE PLAN
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IF INSIDE
DROP TO THE FLOOR
TAKE COVER UNDER SOMETHING STURDY
HOLD ON
That’s where you will
be safe
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STAY CALM, STAY PUT
DROP and COVER
with hands clasped on the Back of
your neck to protect your face.
REMAIN IN PLACE until the
shaking stops.
COUNT ALOUD to 60 earthquakes rarely last longer than 60
seconds and counting is calming)
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IF YOU DO NOT HAVE A “SHELTER”
to hang on to
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WHERE THERE IS NO AVAILABLE COVER
E.g. in the hallways and stairways
Move to an interior wall
Kneel with back to wall
Place head close to knees
Clasp hands behind neck
Cover side of head with arms
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AVOID THINGS THAT CAN FALL
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FACE AWAY FROM WINDOWS
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EXTERIOR WALLS FALL FIRST
Collapsed exterior school wall
Collapsed frontal facade of house
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IF IN BED
Stay there except if you are under a heavy light fixture
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HELP OLD FOLKS & KIDS
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IF OUTSIDE
Stay outside, and find an open space
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BE PREPARED FOR AFTERSHOCKS
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WHAT TO DO
AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
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AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
ALWAYS WAIT IN CASE THERE ARE AFTERSHOCKS!
Open the window in case of leaking gas
Check whether you have injuries
Extinguish small fires
Clean up chemical spills
Cooperate with/ Help others around you
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AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
Seek out any disabled or injured persons in the area
and give assistance.
Ensure people exit via stairway, DO NOT USE
ELEVATORS.
Remind others to beware of falling debris or electrical
wires as they exit.
Direct people to go to an open area away from
buildings, trees, power- lines, and roadways.
Instruct them to wait for instructions from emergency
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personnel.
HANDLING THE INJURED
 In untrained, do not move the seriously
injured
 Cover the injured with something sturdy
 Send for help
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IN CASE OF GAS/ CHEMICAL LEAK
Evacuate to an area away and downwind
from the leak or break.
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IF YOU ARE DRIVING
 Stop in a safe open area
 Fasten your seat belt, if un-fastenend
 Park away from buildings, trees, overhead
power lines
 Stay inside
 listen for radio advisories
 Do not stop or park close to the edge of a hill
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IF TRAPPED UNDER DEBRIS
Do not light a match
Do not move about or kick up dust
Cover your mouth
Tap on a pipe or wall
Use a whistle if available
Shout only as a last resort
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EARTHQUAKE SAFETY
EVACUATION
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Any of the following require
immediate evacuation >>>
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EVACUATING
Sound evacuation using (Fire)alarms or verbal notice
Maintain calm, walk quickly - not run
Exit via stairway, DO NOT USE ELEVATORS.
Follow instructions of Safety Representatives/ other
emergency personnel.
Turn off the power (electrical equipment,
close doors (if there is time).
Seek out/ give assistance to disabled
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EVACUATING
 Go to the designated Assembly Area ( should be
outside away from building)
 Keep roadways and walkways clear for
emergency vehicles
 Wait for instructions from emergency personnel
 Do not re-enter building until instructed by
emergency personnel
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EVACUATING THE DISABLED
Visually Impaired
 Tell the person the nature of the emergency
 Offer to guide them to the nearest emergency exit.
 Have the person take your elbow to escort them.
Hearing Impaired - 2 methods
1. Write a note, telling what emergency is and the nearest evacuation route.
For example: “Earthquake-go out the rear door to the right and downNOW!”
2. Turn light switch on and off to gain attention, indicate with gestures what
is happening and what to do.
Persons using crutches, canes, or walkers
A two-person lock arm position
Have them sit on a sturdy chair (which can be carried)
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NON-AMBULATORY
NB: Movable parts, design issues, Chair batteries, Life support
equipment if attached. Lifting them can be dangerous for them.
Always consult with the person in the chair regarding:
1. The number of people necessary for assistance.
2. Ways of being removed from the wheelchair.
3. Whether a seat cushion or pad should be brought
along with him/her if they are removed from the chair.
4. Whether to extend or bend extremities when lifting
because of pain, catheter, spasticity, braces, etc.
5. Being carried forward or backward on a flight of stairs.
6. The type of assistance necessary after evacuation.
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NON-AMBULATORY
Proper Lifting Techniques
1. Correct Position: One foot a little ahead of the
other. Toes pointed slightly outward. Feet about
shoulder width apart.
2. Squat
3. Lift yourself and load with your legs.
4. KEEP YOUR BACK STRAIGHT.
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NOW LET’S DISCUSS WHAT WE
JUST LEARNT!
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