Intro to Communication
Week II: Foundations
AGREE OR DISAGREE?
1) Good communicators are born, not made.
AGREE OR DISAGREE?
1) Good communicators are born, not made.
2) The more you communicate, the better at it you will be.
AGREE OR DISAGREE?
1) Good communicators are born, not made.
2) The more you communicate, the better at it you will be.
3) In your interpersonal communications, a good guide to
follow is to be as open, empathetic, and supportive as you
can be.
1)
2)
3)
4)
AGREE OR DISAGREE?
Good communicators are born, not made.
The more you communicate, the better at it you will be.
In your interpersonal communications, a good guide to
follow is to be as open, empathetic, and supportive as you
can be.
The best guide to follow when communicating with people
from other cultures is to ignore the differences and treat the
other person just as you’d treat members of your own
culture.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
AGREE OR DISAGREE?
Good communicators are born, not made.
The more you communicate, the better at it you will be.
In your interpersonal communications, a good guide to
follow is to be as open, empathetic, and supportive as you
can be.
The best guide to follow when communicating with people
from other cultures is to ignore the differences and treat the
other person just as you’d treat members of your own
culture.
Fear of meeting new people is detrimental and must be
eliminated.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
AGREE OR DISAGREE?
Good communicators are born, not made.
The more you communicate, the better at it you will be.
In your interpersonal communications, a good guide to
follow is to be as open, empathetic, and supportive as you
can be.
The best guide to follow when communicating with people
from other cultures is to ignore the differences and treat the
other person just as you’d treat members of your own
culture.
Fear of meeting new people is detrimental and must be
eliminated.
When there is conflict, your relationship is in trouble.
TRUE OR FALSE?
1) Good communicators are born, not made.
1)
False! Effective communication is a learned skill and can be
improved, no matter the personality.
TRUE OR FALSE?
1) Good communicators are born, not made.
1)
False! Effective communication is a learned skill and can be
improved, no matter the personality.
2) The more you communicate, the better at it you will be.
1)
False! It’s not the amount of communication people engage in,
but the quality that matters. Practice bad habits = grow less
effective.
TRUE OR FALSE?
1) Good communicators are born, not made.
1)
False! Effective communication is a learned skill and can be
improved, no matter the personality.
2) The more you communicate, the better at it you will be.
1)
False! It’s not the amount of communication people engage in,
but the quality that matters. Practice bad habits = grow less
effective.
3) In your interpersonal communications, a good guide to follow is to
be as open, empathetic, and supportive as you can be.
1)
False! Each interpersonal situation is unique, therefore the type
of comm. Appropriate in one situation may not be in another.
TRUE OR FALSE?
1) The best guide to follow when communicating with people from
other cultures is to ignore the differences and treat the other person
just as you’d treat members of your own culture.
1)
False! People from different cultures often attribute different
meanings to a message, and also follow different rules for what
is and is not appropriate in interpersonal comm.
TRUE OR FALSE?
1) The best guide to follow when communicating with people from
other cultures is to ignore the differences and treat the other person
just as you’d treat members of your own culture.
1)
False! People from different cultures often attribute different
meanings to a message, and also follow different rules for what
is and is not appropriate in interpersonal comm.
2) Fear of meeting new people is detrimental and must be eliminated.
1)
False. Many people are nervous meeting new people. It may
not be possible to eliminate fear; but it is possible to manage it.
TRUE OR FALSE?
1) The best guide to follow when communicating with people from
other cultures is to ignore the differences and treat the other person
just as you’d treat members of your own culture.
1)
False! People from different cultures often attribute different
meanings to a message, and also follow different rules for what
is and is not appropriate in interpersonal comm.
2) Fear of meeting new people is detrimental and must be eliminated.
1)
False. Many people are nervous meeting new people. It may
not be possible to eliminate fear; but it is possible to manage it.
3) When there is conflict, your relationship is in trouble.
1)
False. All meaningful relationships experience conflict;
relationships are not in trouble when there is conflict, though
dealing with conflict ineffectively can often damage the
relationship.
Impersonal Communication
Personal Communication
Example:
A server and a customer
Examples:
A father and his son
Two long-time lovers
Based on social roles:
Interact according to the social roles you
are currently playing– not as unique
individuals.
Based on personal information:
React to each other as unique individuals.
Governed by social rules:
For example, a server and customer abide
by the rules & expectations of society.
Governed by personally established
rules:
The way they address each other, their
touching behavior, degree of closeness are
unique to them and established by them,
not society.
Impersonal Communication
Personal Communication
Example:
A server and a customer
Examples:
A father and his son
Two long-time lovers
Impersonal messages:
Little personal information exchanged
Little emotional content in the messages
exchanged
Personal messages:
Lots of personal information exchanged
Broad range of topics (i.e. food, parents’
divorce, etc.)
1.
Encoding: the act of producing messages
1.
2.
Encoding: the act of producing messages
Decoding: the act of understanding messages
1.
2.
3.
Encoding: the act of producing messages
Decoding: the act of understanding messages
Messages: signals that serve as stimuli for a receiver and are
received by one of our senses: auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory,
gustatory, or any combination of these senses.
1.
*What messages am I sending right now?
1.
2.
3.
Encoding: the act of producing messages
Decoding: the act of understanding messages
Messages: signals that serve as stimuli for a receiver and are
received by one of our senses: auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory,
gustatory, or any combination of these senses.
1.
*What messages am I sending right now?
4.
Feedback Messages: messages sent back to the speaker
concerning reactions to what is said
Encoding: the act of producing messages
Decoding: the act of understanding messages
Messages: signals that serve as stimuli for a receiver and are
1.
2.
3.
received by one of our senses: auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory,
gustatory, or any combination of these senses.
1.
*What messages am I sending right now?
Feedback Messages: messages sent back to the speaker
4.
concerning reactions to what is said
Channel: the medium through which messages pass
5.
1.
*Often, multiple channels are used simultaneously. What
channels am I communicating with right now?
1.
Noise: anything that distorts a message.
Ex.
1.
Noise: anything that distorts a message.
Ex. A) Physical noise (Such as?)
B) Physiological noise (Such as?)
C)Psychological noise (Such as?)
D) Semantic noise (Such as?)
1.
Noise: anything that distorts a message.
Ex. A) Physical noise (Such as?)
B) Physiological noise (Such as?)
C)Psychological noise (Such as?)
D) Semantic noise (Such as?)
1.
Context: environment where communication always takes place in,
that inf luences the form and content of your message
1.
Noise: anything that distorts a message.
Ex. A) Physical noise (Such as?)
B) Physiological noise (Such as?)
C)Psychological noise (Such as?)
D) Semantic noise (Such as?)
1.
Context: environment where communication always takes place in,
that inf luences the form and content of your message
1.
For example, compare the differences among communicating in a
funeral home, football stadium, formal restaurant, and a rock concert.
1.
Noise: anything that distorts a message.
Ex. A) Physical noise (Such as?)
B) Physiological noise (Such as?)
C)Psychological noise (Such as?)
D) Semantic noise (Such as?)
1.
Context: environment where communication always takes place in,
that inf luences the form and content of your message
1.
For example, compare the differences among communicating in a
funeral home, football stadium, formal restaurant, and a rock concert.
2.
How does context relate to noise?
1.
Noise: anything that distorts a message.
Ex. A) Physical noise (Such as?)
B) Physiological noise (Such as?)
C)Psychological noise (Such as?)
D) Semantic noise (Such as?)
1.
Context: environment where communication always takes place in,
that inf luences the form and content of your message
1.
For example, compare the differences among communicating in a
funeral home, football stadium, formal restaurant, and a rock concert.
2.
How does context relate to noise?
3.
Context can be:
1.
Physical dimension
2.
Temporal dimension (time)
3.
Social-Psychological dimension
4.
Cultural dimension
5.
Ethical dimension
Discussion:
1.
Could your model also serve as a
model of intrapersonal
communication? A model of small
group, public, or mass communication?
2.
What elements or concepts other than
those noted here might be added to
the model?
What specific actions could you take to communicate
effectively in the following scenarios?
You are a person without visual impairment and are
talking with a visually impaired person
1.
(for example, “Identify yourself.”)
2.
You are a person with visual impairment and are
talking with a person without visual impairment
1.
(For example, “If you want your surroundings described,
ask.”)
1.
Ethics in Interpersonal Communication
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What obligations do you have to keep a secret?
What are your ethical obligations as a listener?
Are ethical principles objective or subjective? ( for example,
is lying always unethical?)
What are your ethical obligations to reveal personal
information to a relationship partner?
Are there ethical and unethical ways to engage in conf lict
and conf lict resolution?
Often ambiguous due to noise & context
For example, lets say a guy and a girl have had dinner together, just
the two of them, six times in the past month, when she asks him:
“Hey, what kind of relationship do we have?”
1.
2.
“Do you like me?”
“Are we dating?”
“Do you want me to be your girlfriend?”
“Do you want to go steady?”
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
However, each of these answers are still ambiguous.
How would you give a clear answer in this situation?
Sentences can also be ambiguous due to the phrasing
For example, what do these sentences mean?
1.
1.
2.
3.
“Visiting neighbors can be boring.”
“They are frying chickens.”
“What has the cat in its paws?”
While these are obvious examples, all interpersonal
communication is ambiguous to a degree.
*Watch the video on bathroom signs
Interpersonal Comm. Refers to Content and Relationship
-In any two communications, the content dimension may be
the same, but the relationship dimension may be different
(or vice versa).
Ex. The judge may say to the lawyer:
“You better see me immediately.”
“May I please see you as soon as possible?”
= Same content, different relationship.
Interpersonal Comm. Refers to Content and Relationship
Another example:
A daughter might say to her parents:
“May I go away this weekend?”
“May I use the car tonight?”
= Different content, same relationship.
Interpersonal Comm. Refers to Content and Relationship
He: I’m going bowling
tomorrow. The guys at the
plant are starting a team
She: Why can’t we ever do
anything together?
He: We can do something
together anytime;
tomorrow’s the day they’re
organizing the team.
Interpersonal Comm. Refers to Content and Relationship
*Research has found that men generally focus
more on the content while women focus more on
the relationship dimensions of communication.
How would you adjust their responses to include
added sensitivity to each other?
Interpersonal Comm. Refers to Content and Relationship
He: The guys at the plant are
organizing a bowling team. I’d
sure like to be on the team.
Would it be a problem if I went
to the organizational meeting
tomorrow?
She: That sounds great, but I was
hoping we could do something
together.
He: How about you meet me at
Joe’s Pizza, and we can have
dinner after the meeting?
She: That sounds great. I’m
dying for pizza.
Interpersonal Comm. Refers to Content and Relationship
He: The guys at the plant are
organizing a bowling team. I’d
sure like to be on the team.
Would it be a problem if I went
to the organizational meeting
tomorrow?
-Although focused on content, he is
aware of the relationship dimensions
and include both in his comments– by
acknowledging their partnership, asking
her feelings, and expressing his desire
rather than his decision.
She: That sounds great, but I was
hoping we could do something
together.
-She focuses on the relationship
dimension but also acknowledges his
content.
He: How about you meet me at
Joe’s Pizza, and we can have
dinner after the meeting?
-He responds to the relationship aspect–
without abandoning his desire to join the
team– and incorporates it.
She: That sounds great. I’m
dying for pizza.
-She responds to both messages,
approving of his joining the team and
their dinner date.
Ethics in Interpersonal Communication
Here are a few communication situations that raise ethical issues.
Consider each of these five situations– how do you respond?
Question [A friend asks your opinion]: How do I look?
Thought: You look terrible but I don't want to hurt your feelings.
Question [A romantic partner asks]: Do you love me?
Thought: You don't want to commit yourself but you don't want to end the
relationship either. You want to allow the relationship to progress further
before making any commitment.
Ethics in Interpersonal Communication
Question [An interviewer asks]: You seem a bit old for this type of job.
How old are you?
Thought: I am old for this job but I need it anyway. I don't want to turn
the interviewer off because I really need this job. Yet, I don't want to
reveal my age either.
Question [A parent asks]: Did my son (15 years old) tell you he was
contemplating suicide? OR
Is my daughter (22 years old) taking drugs?
Thought: Yes, but I promised I wouldn't tell anyone.