Study Question 4: What is transformational
leadership?
 Transactional leadership.
– Someone who directs the efforts of others
through tasks, rewards, and structures
– Would be all the examples we learned about
in study questions 2 and 3
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Study Question 4: What is transformational
leadership?
 Superleaders a.k.a transformational or
charismatic leaders.
– Persons whose vision and strength of personality have
an extraordinary impact on others
– Once believed to be born with this talent
– Today believed that it can be developed with careful
planning and practice
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Study Question 4: What is transformational
leadership?
 Charismatic leaders (definition)
– Develop special leader-follower relationships and inspire
others in extraordinary ways.
– Weber described charismatic leaders as representing
themselves endowed with special power, but essentially an
unstable force that emerged in times of stress. L General
Romeo Dallaire - Rwanda
– Charismatic leader takes time to enhance how they are
perceived so they receive recognition from followers.
http://wiki.ywambrussels.be/kb/index.php/Charismatic_vs_Transformational
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Study Question 4: What is transformational
leadership?
 Examples of Charismatic Leaders
Charisma- a spiritual power or
personal quality that gives an
individual influence or authority
over large numbers of people.
Jesus is considered by scholars
such as Weber to be an example of
a charismatic religious leader
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Study Question 4: What is transformational
leadership?
 Examples of Charismatic Leaders
Hitler is also considered to be an
example of a charismatic leader
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Study Question 4: What is transformational
leadership?
Further Examples of Charismatic Leaders
In politics
 In Academia
• Fidel Castro
• Bill Clinton
• Mahatma Gandhi (also involved in
 Albert Einstein
 In Religion
religion)
 Martin Luther King Jr
 Pope John Paul
 Ghandi
•
•
•
•
Winston Churchill
Saddam Hussein
John F. Kennedy
Barack Obama
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Study Question 4: What is transformational
leadership?
 Transformational leadership.
– Someone who is truly inspirational as a leader
and who arouses others to seek extraordinary
performance accomplishments.
– The transforming leader looks for potential
motives in followers, seeks to satisfy higher
needs, and engages the full person of the
follower.
http://wiki.ywambrussels.be/kb/index.php/Charismatic_vs_Transformational
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Study Question 4: What is transformational
leadership?
Black and Porter (2000) define transformational
leadership as: "leadership that motivates followers to
ignore self-interests and work for the larger good of the
organization to achieve significant accomplishments;
emphasis is on articulating a vision that will convince
subordinates to make major changes." These leaders have
a profound effect on their followers’ beliefs regarding
what the organization should become and also on their
subordinates’ values. They also provide their followers
with guidance so that they are able to achieve their goals.
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/economic/friedman/Abraham-GreatTransformLeader.htm
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Study Question 4: What is transformational
leadership?
 Examples of Transformational Leaders
Jack Welch
Michael
Duke
Lee Scott
(former)
Meg
Whitman
(former)
Herb Kelleher
Michael
Dell
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Jeff Bezos
9
Study Question 4: What is transformational
leadership?
 Examples of Transformational Leaders
Mother
Teresa
(former)
Princess
Diana
Oprah
Winfrey
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Study Question 4: What is transformational
leadership?
 Characteristics of transformational leaders:
– Vision.
– Charisma.
– Symbolism.
– Empowerment.
– Intellectual stimulation.
– Integrity.
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Study Question 5: What are current issues in
leadership development?
 Emotional intelligence.
– The ability of people to manage themselves
and their relationships effectively.
– Components of emotional intelligence:
•
•
•
•
•
Self-awareness.
Self-regulation.
Motivation.
Empathy.
Social skill.
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Study Question 5: What are current issues in
leadership development?
 Gender and leadership.
– Both women and men can be effective leaders.
– Women tend to use interactive leadership.
• A style that shares qualities with transformational
leadership.
– Men tend to use transactional leadership.
– Interactive leadership provides a good fit with
the demands of a diverse workforce and the
new workplace.
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Study Question 5: What are current issues in
leadership development?
 Gender and leadership (cont.).
– Future leadership success will depend on a
person’s capacity to lead through :
•
•
•
•
Openness.
Positive relationships.
Support.
Empowerment.
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Study Question 5: What are current issues in
leadership development?
 Drucker’s “old-fashioned” leadership.
– Leadership is more than charisma; it is “good oldfashioned” hard work.
– Essentials of “old-fashioned” leadership:
• Defining and establishing a sense of mission.
• Accepting leadership as a “responsibility” rather than a
rank.
• Earning and keeping the trust of others.
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Study Question 5: What are current issues in
leadership development?
 Moral leadership.
– Ethical leadership adheres to moral standards meeting the
test of “good” rather than “bad” and “right” rather than
“wrong.”
– All leaders are expected to maintain high ethical standards.
– Long-term, sustainable success requires ethical behaviour.
– Integrity involves the leader’s honesty, credibility, and
consistency in putting values into action.
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Study Question 5: What are current issues in
leadership development?
 Moral leadership (cont.).
 Leaders with integrity earn the trust of their followers.
 Leaders have a moral obligation to build performance
capacities by awakening people’s potential.
 Authentic leadership activates performance through the
positive psychological states of confidence, hope,
optimism, and resilience.
 Authentic leadership helps in clearly framing and
responding to moral dilemmas, and serving as ethical role
models.
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