Community Policing
Mr Sarmad Saeed Khan
Additional IG Training
Punjab Police
COMMUNITY POLICING
2
SEQUENCE OF PRESENTATION
PART I
Conceptual basis of community policing
PART II Experience in Pakistan
PART III Comparison of community policing models
PART IV Role of women in community policing
PART V Impediments in implementation
PART VI Group activity
3
CONCEPTUAL BASIS
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“Community policing is a philosophy and an organizational
strategy that promotes a new partnership between people
and their police. It is based on the premise that both the
police and the community must work together as equal
partners to identify, prioritize, and solve contemporary
problems such as crime, drugs, fear of crime, social and
physical disorder, and overall neighborhood decay, with the
goal of improving the overall quality of life in the area.”
Trojanowicz
5
 No government funds are required
 Enhances immunity against crime and disorder
 Assists traditional policing
 Bridges the gap of trust
 Encourages social interactions
 Police and public share credit and discredit
 Police officer feels safe in his area of responsibility
 Reliable and workable information is available
 Inculcates sense of responsibility in the public
 Police and the public are accountable to each other
 Promotes democratic values in the society
6
“Once the community is convinced that the new system will
help them in achieving better quality of life, they will not
hesitate to offer their active cooperation.”
HAZRAT ALI
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ENVIRONMENT
FOR COMMUNITY POLICING
“Community policing does not work for every
community. Participation appears much more
likely in homogeneous, low-crime, middle-class
neighborhoods.”
(John Ellison)
REF: John Ellison “Community Policing Implementation Issues”
FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, The FindArticles.com. 26 Sep, 2011
8
LIMITATIONS OF
TRADITIONAL POLICING
It is resource hungry
Centralization dampens initiative
Experts make blanket policies
Efficiency measured by statistics
The warrior image
Customs and values disconnect
Creates a ‘force’ and not a ‘service’
The US and THEM environment
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COMMUNITY POLICING
 Community policing is a philosophy
 Police + Public + Government
 Changing mindsets of public and police
 Social work + law enforcement
 Reverting back to good old traditions
 Returning the responsibility back
10
RESPONSIBILITY OF THE PUBLIC
“…the public order depends essentially upon the
responsibility of every member of the community
within the law to prevent offences and to arrest
offenders. The magisterial and police organization is
set up to enforce, control and assist this general
responsibility.”
Police Rules XX1.1
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EXPERIENCE IN PAKISTAN
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13
CRITERIA FOR MEMBERS OF A CPC
 Non-political
 Non-controversial personality
 No criminal record
 Having impeccable reputation
 From all groups of the community
 Able to devote time
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WORKING OF COMMUNITY POLICE
COMMITTEES
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Office located in a private building
Ten to thirty members
Coordinator and Deputy Coordinator
Proceedings of all meetings are documented
Standard registers are maintained
Union Council, Tehsil and District Committees
Police officers attached at UC and Tehsil level
Meetings are convened by the Coordinators
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MANDATE OF COMMITTEES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Identification and analysis of problems
Advising the police on issues
Dispute resolution if both the parties agree
Arranging neighborhood watch and security
Only moral pressure shall be used
Seek help of the local police if use of force required
Laying information about vice dens and offenders
Arranging awareness seminars and walks
Advising the citizens on issues
Helping police during occasions like muharram
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DIFFERENT COMMITTEES
1. Core Committee
2. Tehsil Committee,
3. Scrutiny Committee,
4. Traffic Control Committee
5. Anti Narcotic Committee,
6. Students’ Committee,
7. Traders’ Committee
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NUMBER OF COMMITTEES
Till JAN.2003
TEHSIL
COMMITTEES
Rahimyar Khan
34
Sadiqabad
87
Khanpur
128
Liaqatpur
21
TOTAL
270
18
19
SPECIAL POLICE OFFICERS
till January 2003
TEHSIL
Rahimyar Khan
Sadiqabad
Khanpur
Liaqatpur
Total
NUMBER
69
402
64
44
579
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COMMUNITY POLICING PROGRAMS
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Seminars and walks
Seminars for the police
Human Rights training
Visits of educational institutions
Inter-religious task force
School for special children
Information boards on bus-stands
Cable TV
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COMMUNITY POLICING PROGRAMS
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Drug Addicts Rehabilitation Center
Police Public School
Character Building Schooling
Free medical camps Center
Disposal of unidentified dead bodies
Citizen Police Liaison Committee
Crisis Management Group
Community Policing Website
COMPARISON
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OBJECTIVES
"It is not a project aimed at bettering the image of
the Police. It is also not a project wherein police
duties are performed by the citizens. Rather it is a
project to professionally strengthen Police and
increase its accessibility to the needy public through
close interaction with and better understanding of
the public. “
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CRITERIA FOR MEMBERSHIP
Members of Janamaithri Suraksha Samithi should
be able to spare time, should not involve in any
criminal case. He does not have any statutory
powers. Political party members are not included.
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MEETING OF A SAMITHI
The meeting is convened by the Circle Inspector and
SHO is the Secretary Samithi. The meetings shall be
attended by the Sub Divisional Police Officer once in
every month and by the Superintendent of Police at
least once a year.
http://jmspkerala.blogpot.com/2010/08/community
-policing-project-of.html accessed on 28.10.2011
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COMMUNITY POLICING IN NIGERIA
IMPEDIMENTS TO COMMUNITY POLICING
IN NIGERIA
 Internal resistance from police officers who benefited from the
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traditional policing and who prefer to maintain status quo;
Lack of commitment to the project by implementing officers;
Lack of support from members of the public;
Inadequate support from the government;
Poor welfare packages/incentives for policemen;
Conflict between informal ethnic militia and police
REFERENCE: Dickson, A.Y. (2007) “Community Policing” in Arase, S.E
. and Iwuofor (eds.), Policing Nigeria in the 21st Century, Ibadan,
Spectrum Books.
ROLE OF WOMEN
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MISSION OF A POLICE OFFICER
“The traits of ruthlessness and violence which
are desired in a Marine are counterproductive
to the mission of a police officer.”
Operational Culture for Warfighter: Principles and Applications,
by Salmoni and Holmes-Eber
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POLICING IS WORSHIPPING
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Social Contract Theory
Socially evolved value system
Society made laws and rules
Crime is a social deviation
Social disorganization v/s crime
Police as Social Scientists
Police as Social Workers and Reformers
Police protect haqooq-ul-abad
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POLICE AS SOCIAL WORKERS
During the period of Hazrat Ali, the ‘shurta’ were
responsible for the following jobs, as well:
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suppression of beggary,
control over quackery,
removal of encroachments,
checking and stopping porters
and boatmen from carrying heavy loads.
Justice Ali Nawaz Chauhan
All Pakistan Legal Decisions 2005
POLICE AS SOCIAL WORKERS
In France, during the regime of Louis-XV police
performed the following jobs, as well:

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Construction of welfare projects,
Police established stock exchange of Paris

For providing employment the jobless,
 Food supplies,
 Inspection of drains,
 Cleaning of streets, etc.,
Justice Ali Nawaz Chauhan
All Pakistan Legal Decisions 2005
THE WARRIOR IMAGE
“that the warrior image has had a devastating impact
on recruiting the right kind of officer. As long as the
warrior image remains, policing will draw the wrong
kind of applicant, reward the wrong kind of behavior,
and fail to provide the kind of services that
communities increasingly demand.“
Kimberly A.Lonsway Ph.D
Dismantling the Warrior Image: The Role of Women in
Community Policing.
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TRAITS OF A POLICE OFFICER
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Emotional self-awareness,
Independence,
Interpersonal relationships,
Empathy,
Stress tolerance,
Impulse control,
Flexibility,[and]
Problem solving
Operational Culture for Warfighter:
Principles and Applications,
Salmoni and Holmes-Eber
37
REQUIRED TRAITS OF
COMMUNITY POLICE OFFICER

Above board moral, intellectual and financial integrity
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Use of thinking and imagination in problems solving
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Ability to act independently and take initiatives
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Sensitive to socio-cultural values of community
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Intelligence led and knowledge based policing
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Sincerity of purpose and commitment
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Affable, extrovert, tolerant, empathetic, clairvoyant
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Very good in communication skills
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TRAITS OF A FEMALE POLICE OFFICER
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More serious in duty: do not waste their time
Less corrupt financially, morally and intellectually
Interact better with female victims of violence
Can have easy ingress to households
Present softer side of the police
Empathetic and sensitive to human relationship
Very good in communication and problems solving
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IMPEDIMENTS
PERCEPTION OF A POLICE OFFICER

Perceive it dilution of their powers
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Think controlling crime is exclusively a police job

Public will exploit closeness with police

District police officers are too busy to find time
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Fancy policing is not going to work

Why to annoy political elite
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PERCEPTION OF POLITICIANS
 Police is not a social service
 Serving the people is exclusively their domain
 It will distance the public from the politicians
 It is their right to be members of such initiatives
 The political opponents have no role
42
PERCEPTION OF THE PUBLIC
 Maintenance of public order is exclusively police job
 Normally police touts join such initiatives
 Why to earn enmity with anti-social elements
 Police are not serious in serving the community
 “What’s in it for me” approach
 We do not have free time
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BRAINSTORMING SESSION
Time 15 mins
GROUP 1
How to associate Politicians in community policing
without compromising its basic principles?
GROUP 2
What Areas of Importance did we miss in our
initiative to disallow CP to take roots in Pakistan?
GROUP 3
What Problems women police officers may face
in community policing initiatives while working
beside their male colleagues?
GROUP 4
What are the possible areas where women
community police officers can contribute for Women
Protection and Well-being?
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www.sarmadsaeed.com
sarmadsaeedkhan@gmail.com
m
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Problems &
Solutions
INTERPRETATION OF
ISLAMIC INJUNCTIONS ABOUT WOMEN
"Muslims who advance conservative views on female
affairs...are normally very literal in their understanding of texts;
but they tendentiously opt for an understanding that suits their
prejudice.“
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Dr. Hassan Al-Turabi
Bachelor in Law
Masters University of London
PhD from Sorbonne, Paris
Speaker of Parliament, Sudan
Minister of Justice, Sudan
Minister of Foreign Affairs, Sudan
Deputy Prime Minister, Sudan 48
SUMMARY

Traditional policing focuses on controlling and reacting
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Community policing is preventive and proactive
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Traditional Policing is centralizing CP is for devolving powers

TP uses brute military power, CP is policing by consent
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CP works by decreasing social disorganization
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Implementation is easier in low crime homogenous society
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Without support of the public police fails to achieve goals
… continued
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Police are Social Scientists and Social Workers
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Policing means protecting the basic rights of citizens
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CP is about equal partnership between police and public
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It has to be adopted as organizational strategy
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It is about changing the mindset of the police and the public
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CP and TP augment each other