Ethical Reasoning OneWorldInsight.comOneWorldInsig ht.com The Role of Ethics The role of ethical reasoning is to highlight acts of two kinds: those which enhance the well being of others…and those that harm the well being of others. OneWorldInsight.com Do good things… don’t do bad things… OneWorldInsight.com Your Comments… What universal principles could be defined as “bad things”? OneWorldInsight.com How about these bad things… Slavery Torture Sexism Racism Murder Fraud OneWorldInsight.com Human beings naturally develop into narrowminded, self-centered thinkers. OneWorldInsight.com Research shows that ethics is a function of age and education. Why do you think that would be true? OneWorldInsight.com All human beings tend to think as themselves as good and their enemies as evil. OneWorldInsight.com Common Confusions… People often confuse ethics with pseudo-ethical groups like social rules, religion or the law. OneWorldInsight.com Four Ethical Groupings Universal Ethics – helpful or harmful behavior towards living creatures Social Ethics – customs & taboos Religious Ethics – theological debate Legal Ethics – codified laws developed from social customs OneWorldInsight.com Pseudo-Ethic Groups The Law Universal Ethics Religious Social Rules Beliefs OneWorldInsight.com Ethics & Social Rules The KKK viewed hangings as a Christian obligation to keep the races pure. For one hundred years America considered slavery justified or desirable. OneWorldInsight.com OneWorldInsight.com Your Comments… We live in a world of powerful social rules where big money is spent to sway your opinion. OneWorldInsight.com Tendencies of Social Rules Taboos about exposing body parts Taboos about equal rights Support religious persecutions Conservatives value private property, status quo & family Liberals value liberty, equality, and social justice Ethics must trump social rules OneWorldInsight.com Ethics and Religion There are over 300 religions in the world today. OneWorldInsight.com Tendencies of religions They represent social preferences Used torture to save people Pretend beliefs are self-evident Often unethical practices of sexism, racism, fraud, intimidation Ethics must trump religion OneWorldInsight.com Ethics and The Law “Take care of your friends and kill your enemies.” Don Young OneWorldInsight.com Tendencies of laws Laws emerge out of social rules To criminalize behavior against social rules regarding women, homosexuals, slavery, and now drug use are common ways for politicians to get re-elected Ethics must trump the law OneWorldInsight.com Know the games you play… I did not have sex with that woman… OneWorldInsight.com President Bush, 2002 “We must rid the world of evil.” “You are either for us or against us.” “Now is the time to draw a line in the sand against the evil ones.” OneWorldInsight.com