Critical Thinking
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The Brain
One trillion cells
compose the brain.
100 billion of them
are neurons. This
makes the number
of possible
journeys through
the brain almost
infinite.
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Your Comments…
“The
unexamined
life is not
worth living.”
Socrates
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Plato
Plato thought
we were born
with ideas and
that these innate
ideas were as
close as we
could come to
divinity.
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Descartes
“…it is not
enough to have
a good mind.
The main thing
is to use it
well.”
Les Discours
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Cats are really the
supreme species…
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James
Burke
“Print allows you to
hold another’s mind
in your hand.”
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Mis-thinking
Napoleon
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Fulton
Your Comments…
How do you think
differently from
other people?
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Man the emotional animal…
“Man is an emotional
animal, occasionally
rational; and through
his feelings he can be
deceived to his heart’s
content.”
Will Durant, historian
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Cultural differences of
pizza toppings…
American
squid
India
Japan
pickled
ginger
sausage
mushroom
s
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American Beliefs…
• It is aceptable to kill animals
• Jesus is God
• Marrying for reasons other than love is
immoral
• Money makes the world go around
(In Germany America is described as where
people live “the 40 minute hour”)
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Ego Defenses
Ego defenses like denial, projection
and rationalization are
psychological coping strategies that
distort reality in order to protect
ourselves from anxiety, guilt, and
other bad feelings.
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Maslow
Most people tend to
see what they NEED
to see and what they
WANT to see in
order to maintain or
strengthen positive
feelings about
themselves.
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William Penn
In love or
wherever it is
found, passion is
able to unseat
reason, and
rational thought
becomes
rationalized
thought.
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Your
Comments…
How do
you deal
with
anger?
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Your
Comments…
How do you
deal with
depression?
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Five Thinking Errors
•
•
•
•
•
1 – Personalization – “world is me”
2 – Polarized thinking – “black and white”
3 – Overgeneralization – “everyone…”
4 – Catastrophizing – “worst outcomes”
5 – Selective abstractions – “one detail”
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Your Comments…
The eye can handle 5
million bits of information
per second but the brain
only 500 bits. Thus the
nervous system MUST
SELECT and discriminate.
Thus what we choose to
see is greatly determined
by our history and
experiences.
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Why did the chicken cross
the road?
George Bush – We just want to know if the
chicken is on our side or not. There is no
middle ground here. The chicken is either
for us or against us.
Al Gore – I invented the chicken. And I
invented the road. Therefore, this represents
the application of two different functions of
government in a new re-invented way.
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Why did the chicken cross
the road?
Pat Buchanan – The chicken is stealing a
job from decent, hard working Americans.
Jerry Falwell – The chicken is gay.
Isn’t it obvious? Can’t you people see
the plain truth that chicken is gay?
Bill Gates – I have just released eChicken
2003, which will not only cross the road, but
lay eggs, and balance your checkbook.
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Why did the chicken cross
the road?
Ernest Hemingway – To die. In
the rain. Alone.
Captain Kirk – To go boldly where no
chicken has gone before.
Colonel Sanders – I missed one?
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Sharper perception leads to
sharper thinking
Eagle nebula
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One of the
meditation
practices in
Buddhism is
to observe
“what is”
without
imposing
projections or
words or
values.
Bare Attention
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What Is Going On!
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Galileo – The Price of Thinking
Galileo was deemed a heretic for claiming the earth
revolved around the sun. He was held under house
arrest by the Holy Inquisition for his last ten years.
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Your Comments…
Christian mystic Thomas
Aquinas experienced
tension between his
experience and his
theological life. At the end
he said of his theology, “It
is all straw!”
Belonging to the Universe
by Capra & Stenidle-Rast
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All Language Suffers…
Generalization
Distortion
Deletion
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Truth is discovered,
not created.
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Falling in Love…
Falling in love
changes the chemistry
in the brain…
What do you suppose
anger does to the
brain?
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Your Comments…
Put in a world with mazes, bridges,
and spinning wheels, even older rats
developed an average of 2,000 new
synapses per neuron!
Is this perhaps why old people like
your present instructor develop
fewer cases of brain disease?
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Your Comments…
Is the mind the same thing as
the brain?
Better yet…does consciousness
exist outside the brain?
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