Midroc– SWPTC
Big Glenn and Göteborg Wind Lab
Ola Carlson
Stockholm 20130820
Torque measurements with constant and variabel
speed
Measurements from Chalmers test wind turbine 1986
Variabel speed
Constant speed
Nm
Nm
175
175
100
100
25
25
0
20
40
60
80 tid (s)
•Large torque rippel
•High mechanical forces
0
20
40
60
80 tid (s)
•Long lifetime of gearbox
•Small influence on power quality
Installed capacity with
RC &CE (Both reactive power compensation & wind power
curtailment)
20
With curtailment of
0.2% and using PF
control of wind
turbines the
penetration is
boosted by almost
118%
Power (MW)
15
10
5
0
NA 1
CE
2
RC 3
RC & CE4
4.5
Frequency Responce with and without Wind Power
Load
Hydro
50.5
0.1
Frequency [H z]
49.5
49
48.5
48
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
47.5
47
0
5
10
15
20
Time [s]
25
30
35
40
45
E x tra p o w e r o u tp u t [p u ]
50
0.05
0
-0.05
0
Case 1 - 100 % Hydro unit response
Case 4 - 50% WPR - Hydro unit response
Case 4 - 50% WPR - WT inertia support
5
10
Time [s]
15
20
Test station in Cold Climate
•Pre-study carried out
•Market increases
•Energy losses due to ice is not acceptable
•Some wind turbine manufactures interested
•Organization is under development
•Cooperation is important
VÄRLDENS SKILLNAD
Goals
Build up component and system know-how related to complete wind power turbines
in order to bring about the following:
•
•
•
Well-renowned Swedish development and production of complete wind turbines in
Sweden
Well-renowned Swedish development and production of sub-systems:
• mechanical driveline
• gearbox
• axis
• yaw and pitch mechanisms
• turbine blades
• tower
• generator
• transformers
High-quality training of engineers with expertise in wind power
Partners
Personnel SWPTC
•
At university:
•
At industry in parallel research and development projects:
25 experienced technical experts
•
Totally: 47 persons working at university and in industry
12 senior researcher - professors
8 PhD students
2 technicians
Ongoing projects within SWPTC
TG6-1,2 Could climate
TG5-2 Current induced damages in bearings
TG1-6 LIDAR
TG1-2 Electrical drives
TG1-1- model
predictive control
TG2-1 Aerodynamic
loads
TG4-2 Blade development
TG4-1 Structural Dynamics Models
TG5-1 Load- and risk-based maintenance
TG3-1 Drive Train Dynamics
TG1-5 Measuring of a Wind Turbine
TG3-2 Optimal drivline
TG1-4 Grid code testing by VSC-HVDC
Grid Code Testing
General Electric design and install,
Göteborg Energi operate:
Chalmers cooperation:
• Validation of models for
mechanical and electrical systems
• Develop and carry out
Grid code tests of the wind turbine
4 MW General Electric
8 MW HVDC-light converter
HVDC Göteborg
•
System
Grid
HVDC
HVDC
Wind turbine
GE 4.1 MW
Grid Code testing by
Voltage Source Converters
Göteborg Energi & Chalmers and GE???
Current measurement
RCL-filter
V
o
lta
g
e[p
u
]
1.10
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
Tim
e [s]
Danish
LVRT
LVR
Tprofi
le
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
V
o
lta
g
e
[p
u
]
(a)
1
.2
0
1
.0
0
0
.8
0
0
.6
0
0
.4
0
0
.2
0
0
.0
0
-0
.2
0
-0
.4
0
-0
.6
0
-0
.8
0
-1
.0
0
T
im
e[s]
Surge arrester and breaker
Controlled
PCC voltage
VS
C
1o
ut 2
0
.0
1.0
2.0
3
.0
4
.0
(b)
5
.0
Voltage measurement
LVRT TEST. (a) Danish grid code, (b) Controlled PCC voltage.
Simulation results from PSCAD calculations.
Department of Energy and Environment
Nicolás Espinoza and Ola Carlson
Division of Electric Power Engineering
Lab test at Electric Power Engineering
Proposal and Idée's for Testing and Research
•
Test of Ride trough and other parts of the grid codes on the GE 4MW
•
Development of tests performance for the standard
IEC -61 400-21 : Measurements and assessments of
Power Quality characteristics of grid connected wind turbines and other grid
codes.
•
Tests with voltage dips/swells, unbalance, phase angle shifts,
•
Emulate different types of grids to test the GE 4 MW operation in different
conditions, as well as Sub Synchronous Resonances.
•
Develop methods for investigation of the conditions in the grid.
•
Development and testing of measurement techniques and procedures for;
energy in the DC-link, losses in the high voltage converter.
Chalmers projects
HVDC-grid (Chalmers Energy Initiative, SP)
Operational Planning of Electric Power System with
Multi-terminal VSC-HVDC (Feng)
HVDC Grids from An Automatic Control Perspective (Gustavo)
A study on linear MIMO-control applied to Multi-terminal
VSC-HVDC system (Yujiao)
HVDC-wind (SWPTC, Nordic/ABB, STEM-HVDC)
Grid Code testing by VSC-HVDC (Nicolas)
Stability of HVDC grids – Converter interactions (Georgios)
Design and analysis of meshed HVDC Transmission grid
for offshore wind farms and external AC Grids (Kalid)
Offshore Wind Electric system
High voltage
generator
Project 1
G
dc/dc
converters
Multi
terminal
HVDC
Project
2
Components, system, modeling
Theory studies, simulations,
Measurements in laboratory
and in field operation
Project
3
3 PhD & 2
researchers
+ Nordic (5
persons)
Proposed test and demonstration in Göteborg
VÄRLDENS SKILLNAD
Användning av frekvensomriktare för test av
”Grid Codes”
Ola Carlson, Chalmers
Nicolas Espinoza, Chalmers
VÄRLDENS SKILLNAD
Abdullah Al Mahfazur Rahman, Chalmers
Niklas Almgren, Göteborg Energi
Under-voltage immunity limit, Ride-Through,
Provschema för test av
spänningssänkning
Forskning och teknikutveckling
1. Teoribildning
2. Simuleringar
3. Laboratorieförsök
4. Full skala
System diagram in PSCAD/EMTD
PCC
Vindkraftverk
Transformator
Kabel
Frekvensomriktare som skapar
spänningssänkning
Exempel på: Low voltage ride through
•
Fault ride through profile generated in PSCAD
Signal_generator : Graphs
Fault ride through profile [p.u]
1.40
a1
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
-0.20
-0.40
Time [s] 1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25
3.50
3.75
...
...
...
Control signal for the PWM of VSC
C o n tro l V o lta g e fo r P W M [p .u ]
2.00
Vref_A
Vref_B
Vref_C
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
-0.50
-1.00
-1.50
-2.00
Time [s] 1.80
2.00
2.20
2.40
2.60
2.80
3.00
3.20
3.40
3.60
...
...
Spänning vid PCC
2.00
V_pccA
V_pccC
V_pccB
V o ta g e s a t P C C [p .u ]
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
-0.50
-1.00
-1.50
-2.00
Time [s] 1.80
2.00
2.20
2.40
2.60
2.80
3.00
3.20
3.40
3.60