Chalmers University of Technology
Smarta elnät – vad händer?
Samordningsrådet & Europa
Lina Bertling Tjernberg
Professor i Uthålliga elkraftsystem
Lina.Bertling@chalmers.se
2013-05-14 ELFACK, Göteborg
Chalmers University of Technology
Smarta elnät – vad är det?
•  Ett smart elnät är ett smart system som använder el för
•
att leverera energi till konsumenter med drivkraft att
använda mer förnyelsebara energikällor och minska
energiförluster.
Med smarta elnät kommer nya tekniklösningar för
användning av el där elkonsumenten får större inflytande
exempelvis med timmätning av el och nya former av
generering och lagring, som elfordon för både transport
och energilagring.
Ø  flexibilitet och mångfald
Chalmers University of Technology
Smart Grid - fundamentals
•  Power is a snapshot of how much electricity an appliance
•
consumes, or a power plant produces
–  Kettle 2 000 W (2kW)
–  Wind Turbine 2 000 000 W (2 MW)
–  Nuclear reactor 1 000 000 000 W (1GW)
Energy is power over time - how much electricity is
consumed during the previous period?
–  Kettles use a hour 2 kWh
–  Annual production from a wind turbine 6 MWh
–  Annual consumption Sweden 160 000 GWh (160 TWh)
Chalmers University of Technology
Smart Grid – fundamentals
•  Example: power system balance
Kraftsystemet - Svenska Kraftnät
5/14/13 8:06 AM
På kartan är flödet mellan två länder placerat i det land där flödet
mäts. Observerva att värden på vår karta kan skilja sig från värden
på andra nationella driftkartor, på grund av exempelvis
energiförluster i nätet och bristande synkronisering mellan kartor vid
uppdateringar.
Systempris:
Flöde(MW)
Pris(!/MWh)
27
45,31
58
Period: 8 -9 (CET)
355
896
! Net exchange is now
Consumption-Production !
46,19
•
46,19
82
1606
0
630
46,19
46,19
77
46,19
83
44,84
?
4659
44,84
147
1834
1290
10
1258
80
230
44,84
722 127
46,19
46,19
288
46,19
45,09
277
586
0
Produktion
2746
Totalt inom
landet
0
107
46,19
187
SE
DK
NO
FI
EE
Total
16 350
3 570
16 291
6 749
1 266
Kärnkraft
5 975
-
-
1 870
-
7 845
Vatten
8 969
-
15 764
2 376
-
27 109
Värme
468
2 683
317
2 420
1 262
7 150
Vind
495
887
210
37
4
1 633
Ospecificerat
443
-
-
46
-
489
Nettoexport(-)
/import
Förbrukning
185
887
-2 467
2 179
-300
484
16 535
4 457
13 824
8 928
966
44 710
Source: Svenska Kraftnät, www.svk.se
Senast uppdaterad:
2013 -05 -14 08:04 (+02 UTC)
44 226
–  the flow between countries
–  electricity trade in - Nord Pool
Spot market
Example 130514 8:06
-  Production 16 350 (MW)
ü 5 975 nuclear
ü 8 969 hydro
ü 468 heat
ü 495 wind
-  Import 185 (MW)
-  Price 45 (€/MWh)
Chalmers University of Technology
Energy system in change
•  The energy system is undergoing a major global change
Ø Main driving forces are to meet the political climate and
energy goals and to counteract with economic crisis.
•  In Europe there are climate and energy goals with targets
for 20/20/20/10 by 2020, and different long term targets by
2050 going for 100% renewables
Ø Today major investments in new electricity generation
from renewables and in the use of biomass-based
thermal power using difficult fuels
Ø New models for energy usage and storage are
developed e.g. with electrical vehicles
ü The Smart Grid developments facilitate this change!
Chalmers University of Technology
Energy system in change –
Smart Grid
Sources http://www.oe.energy.gov/DocumentsandMedia/smartgrid_diagram.pdf
Chalmers University of Technology
Roadmap: Sweden
•  Press release
•
•
11-03-31
Sweden to join
IEA initiative on
International
Smart Grid
Action Network
Smart Grid is
on the political
agenda as a
tool for
sustainable
energy system
Chalmers University of Technology
Roadmap: Sweden
•  Swedish Coordination
Council for Smart Grid
- Appointed by Swedish
Government May 2012
- Assignment until
December 2014
- 15 members with key
roles and expertise
- Overall mission
The Swedish Coordination Council
for Smart Grid (1)
•  Appointed by the Swedish Government
•  Assignment from Aug 2012 until Dec 2014
•  Members
•  15 members with key positions within industry,
governmental authorities and academia
•  Over all Mission
•  Coordinate and stimulate cooperation, knowledge transfer
and discussions on strategic issues between different
stakeholders in the area of smart grid
•  Deliver proposals to remove barriers and stimulate the
development of smart grid in Sweden incl. R&D
Samordningsrådet med kunskapsplattform för smarta elnät
Intres
senter
1.  Coordinate, create knowledge platform
2.  Proposal for Swedish Smart Grid plan
www.swedishsmartgrid.se
Dialogforum
Samverkan
Intressenter
Samordningsrådet
Kunskapsplattform
Handlingsplan
Samordningsrådet med kunskapsplattform för smarta elnät
Chalmers University of Technology
Example Chalmers: solutions
ü  Smart Grid brings together available technologies for
sustainable system solutions
Professor at Chalmers in
1911 and father of Uno
Lamm the father of HVDC
First IEEE Innovative Smart
Grid Technologies conference
in Europe, Gothenburg 2010
Top: The 1st IEEE PES ISGT Europe, Gothenburg, 2010 (Picture Jan-Olov Yxell) Chalmers University of Technology
Example Chalmers: solutions
Technologies
(power
systems and
ICT) that
enable smart
grids
Optimized
operation
and control
of
transmission
systems
Smart
Power
System
Management
of
Active
distribution
system
Market
models for
cross-border
trading of
energy and
ancillary
services
New way of
system
monitoring,
emergency
control and
protection
Planning of
future
transmission
systems
Chalmers University of Technology
Example: research & tests
Big Glenn – demonstration site testing wind turbines
•  The project develop methods,
simulate and test in lab targeting
wind turbines to fulfill Grid Codes.
•  Full scale tests
- 4 MW General
Electric
- More information
from www.swptc.se
SWPTC board visit Big Glen, May 2012 (Picture Lina Bertling Tjernberg)
Chalmers University of Technology
Example: research on EV & EU
– Analysis of the impact and possibilities of a mass
introduction of electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles (EV) on
the electricity networks in Europe
– FP 7 Energy 3.7 million Euro,18 months from January 2010
– RWE leader, 12 parts (Chalmers, Vattenfall from Sweden)
Chalmers University of Technology
Example G4V: overall project
Key question: What must we start doing today to
enable a mass market for e-vehicles?
§  Technical aspects
Time horizon: 2030 and beyond
§  Legal framework
Roadm
ry fr
o
t
a
l
u
Reg
a
ap
§  Business models
ork
mew
Busin
ess m
odels
Scenarios
ICT
GRID
infra-
structure
§  Customer
satisfaction
§  Environmental
aspects
Power
system
operation
Recommendations
Chalmers University of Technology
Example: research EV & grid
Residential (charging only at home)
Peak demand Commercial
increase [%]
area
Uncontrolled
3.5 %
Price-optimal
14.5 %
Loss-optimal
0%
*
Peak demand Residential
increase [%]
area
Uncontrolled
21 %
Price-optimal
78 %
Loss-optimal
0%
Commercial (charging at home and at work)
Steen D., Tuan L., Carlson O. and Bertling Tjernberg L., “Assessment of Electric Vehicle Charging Scenarios Based on
Demographical Data.” Published in IEEE Transaction on Smart Grid Technology, September 2012.
Chalmers University of Technology
Smart Grid Projects in Europe
•  November 2010
•
•
•
•
- The JRC
launched the first
comprehensive inventory of
Smart Grid projects in
Europe
Over 300 project
coordinators filled in a
project questionnaire
July 2011 – JRC inventory
published
219 projects
Over 5 billion € of
investments
Chalmers University of Technology
Smart Grid Projects in Europe
•  In the period 2008-2012,
investments on Smart Grid
projects have been
consistently above a level of
€200 million per year, with
the level of investment in
2011 as high as €500 million.
•  219 Smart Grid and smart metering projects
The overall investment amounted to over €5
billion.
Chalmers University of Technology
Projects Projects Smart Grid Task Force DB Projects JRC Database Other users (e.g. ISGAN) EEGI – SETIS DB DB DB Projects h8p://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu VisualizaDon plaGorms www.smartgridsprojects.eu Chalmers University of Technology
Smart Grid Projects in Europe
•  JRC compiles a data base with smart grid projects
ü  Next release: 281 Smart Grid R&D and
Demonstration projects of 90 smart meters
Chalmers University of Technology
Summary: Smart Grid Systems
•  Driving forces: sustainability and cost-efficiency
•  Smart Grid – infrastructure for energy delivery
–  flexibility with new technologies & new usage
•  Key features:
–  communication, ICT and standards
–  electricity from renewables
–  electrical vehicles and storage
•  Challenges:
–
Process for developments and incentives
–  System solutions and change in behavior
–  Availability and low maintenance costs
Chalmers create solutions for smart energy systems!
Chalmers University of Technology
More: Smart Grid Systems
•  Further information from web portals:
– Swedish SmartGrid www.swedishsmartgrid.se
– EU Smart Grid www.smartgrids.eu
ü www.ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/jrc-scientificand-policy-report
– IEEE Smart Grid
•
smartgrid.ieee.org/ieee-smart-grid
– IEA www.iea.org/topics/smartgrids
Examples on coming events
– CIRED June 10-13 Stockholm
www.cired2013.org
– IEEE ISGT October 6-9 Copenhagen
Chalmers University of Technology
Thanks & Welcome!
Lina Bertling Tjernberg Professor
Division of Electric Power Engineering
Department of Energy and Environment
Chalmers University of Technology
Hörsalsvägen 11
lina.bertling@chalmers.se www.chalmers.se/sv/personal/Sidor/lina-bertling.aspx