UNCLASSIFIED
GLOBAL
THREAT
REDUCTION
INITIATIVE
DOMESTIC VOLUNTARY SECURITY
ENHANCEMENTS FOR NON-POWER
NUCLEAR REACTORS AND RADIOACTIVE
MATERIAL FACILITIES
ORGANIZATION OF AGREEMENT STATES
ANNUAL MEETING
AUGUST 2012
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
GTRI Mission
Mission: Reduce and protect vulnerable nuclear and
radiological material located at civilian sites worldwide
Goals:
Convert research reactors and isotope production facilities from
HEU to LEU (permanent threat reduction)
M ission
reduce and protect
vulnerable nuclear
and radiological
material located at
civilian sites
worldwide.
Remove and dispose of excess nuclear and radiological materials
(permanent threat reduction)
Protect high priority nuclear and radiological materials from theft
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Global Partners
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UNCLASSIFIED
Primary Materials of Concern in the United States
Radiological Material
NRC-led US interagency task force endorsed definitions, radioactive sources, and thresholds for RDDs and REDs of national significance. The analysis
identified 16 radionuclides that met the criteria. An additional seven materials could be considered, but only at production facilities where they may be
found in large quantities. Spent nuclear fuel also meets the criteria and is included in GTRI’s list.
Co-60:
Cs-137:
Teletherapy and Gamma Knife units (cancer treatment),
self-shielded and panoramic irradiators (research and sterilization)
Self-shielded irradiators (research and sterilization),
brachytherapy (cancer treatment),
and calibrators (dosimeter and detector calibration)
Am-241:
Oil well logging
(industrial imaging)
Spent Nuclear Fuel:
Non-Power Reactors
(research and isotope production)
Ir-192:
Brachytherapy (cancer treatment) and
radiography (industrial imaging)
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GTRI’s Domestic Mission
 GTRI provides voluntary security
assistance which includes:
 Removal of disused or unwanted
radioactive sources;
 Voluntary security enhancements;
 Specialized training for local law
enforcement;
 No-fault table top exercises;
 Transportation Security
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Relationship to Regulatory Orders and Requirements

The NRC and State regulatory agencies working
together have created a strong and effective regulatory
framework that includes licensing, inspection, and
enforcement. This partnership ensures the security of 32
civilian nuclear research and test reactors and over
60,000 high-risk radioactive sources without adversely
impacting their beneficial uses. This framework provides
a common baseline level of security to ensure
adequate protection of public health and safety and the
common defense and security.

NNSA works with the NRC, the materials licensees and
state, local and tribal governments to build on the
existing regulatory requirements by providing
voluntary security enhancements.

These voluntary security enhancements are
complementary to and do not replace the licensees
requirements to meet NRC and Agreement State
regulations.

The voluntary security enhancements are sound, costeffective, and prudent best practices which further
improve security above regulatory requirements.

NRC published information summaries about GTRI
programs

RIS 2010-02 The Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI)
Federally Funded Voluntary Security Enhancements For
High-Risk Radiological Material, 1/21/2010, NRC ADAMS
ML100150421

Partnership for Securing Nuclear and Radioactive
Materials, 3/31/2010, NRC ADAMS ML100890349

GTRI notifies the appropriate regulatory agency before
GTRI initiates work at a site

GTRI sends out credential letters for its staff and
contractors who visit a site
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GTRI Site Prioritization
 Prioritization Factors:






Site Requests / Volunteers
Material Attractiveness*
UASI Region Proximity
IDD Candidates
Co-Location
Strategic Partnerships
 Constraining Factors:
 Budget
 Regional Approach
* Consistent with IAEA Category 1 and 2 definitions
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GTRI Security Enhancement Process
Volunteer
Assess
Design
Agree
(Licensee)
(NNSA)
(NNSA/Licensee)
(Licensee)
Contract
Install
Test/Train
(NNSA/Licensee)
(NNSA)
(NNSA)
Operate/
Maintain
(Licensee)
 Voluntary and Site Specific
 Proposed enhancements designed specifically for, and negotiated with, each site and local
law enforcement agency
 Federally Funded
 Assessments, equipment, installation, procedures, and training
 Minimum 3 years of equipment warranty and maintenance provided
 In return for enhancements sites are expected to use, maintain, exercise and sustain
equipment and procedures (documented in a “Sustainability Statement” which indicates the
site’s good faith commitment to operate and maintain federally funded security
enhancements)
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Principles of GTRI Security Enhancements
DETECT
DELAY
RESPOND
Prompt Detection
and Reliable
Notification
Extended
Adversary Task
Time
Timely, Aware,
Equipped, and
Trained
Response
GTRI CONTAINMENT STRATEGY
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Sample Security Enhancements
DETECT
Remote Monitoring System (RMS):
Critical alarms trigger notification and assessment at
multiple on-site and off-site monitoring stations
Prompt Detection
and Reliable
Notification
Tamper Indication:
Broken seal will result in transmission of images
and alarms wirelessly
Area Radiation Detector:
Release of radiation triggers alarm and data
transmission
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Multi-Factor Access Control:
Requires combination of card, pin, or
biometric scan for entry
Dual Technology Motion Sensors:
Motion or heat triggers alarm
Balanced Magnetic Switch (BMS):
Unauthorized entry triggers alarm
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Sample Security Enhancements
DELAY
In-Device Delay (IDD) Kit:
Increases time needed to access sources in
certain radiation devices
Extended
Adversary Task
Time
Device Tie-Downs and security Cages:
Increases time needed to remove entire
device
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Facility Hardening:
Security doors, bulletproof glass, and egress
security grating increases time needed to
enter or exit a room
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UNCLASSIFIED
Sample Security Enhancements
RESPOND
Local Law Enforcement Outreach
and Awareness:
LLEA and FBI Information sharing,
outreach meetings, and inclusion in all
GTRI security assessment visits
On-Site and Off-Site Alarm Monitoring:
Enhanced on-site alarm integration
systems and remote monitoring system
review stations for instantaneous off-site
critical alarm notification
Timely, Aware,
Equipped, and
Trained
Response
Personal Radiation Detector:
Assists responders in protecting
themselves when responding to a
potential radiological theft incident
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Alarm Response Training and
Table Top Exercises:
No-fault training and exercises for
on-site and off-site responders to
nuclear and radiological facilities
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UNCLASSIFIED
GTRI Remote Monitoring System
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In-Device Delay (IDD)
 Passive barrier attached directly to the shielding, underneath the irradiator covers, over
likely point(s) of source removal
 Provides significant additional access delay over unhardened unit
 IDD benefits are maximized if used in conjunction with detection and response elements
of a security system
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GTRI Alarm Response Training
Three-day course for first responders that teaches site security and local law enforcement how to protect
themselves and their communities when responding to alarms indicating the possible theft/sabotage of civilian
nuclear and radioactive materials.
GTRI pays for all
attendee costs
except for salary
(e.g. travel,
lodging, car
rental, and per
diem)
Y-12 National Security
Complex in Oak Ridge, TN
• Realistic scenarios
using radioactive
sources, irradiators and
security equipment
• Classroom instruction
and hands-on exercises
Trained to current GTRI standard security upgrades,
RFID Tamper indicating devices, Remote Monitoring
System, etc.
Personal
Radiation Device
(PRD) “Train the
Trainer” Course
Research and Test Reactor
Course
DHS certified and included in the DHS
training course catalog
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GTRI Table Top Exercises
FBI and NNSA sponsor no-fault, site-specific scenarios where Federal, State, Local, and Private sector
officials can exercise their response to terrorist acts involving nuclear and radioactive materials.
Promote cross-sector
communications, cooperation, and
team building among Federal, State,
local, and private sector first
responders
Players and participants usually include:
• Federal (FBI, DHS, DOE)
• State (Emergency Management, Regulator, etc.)
• Local /Private (Site Personnel, RSO, Site Security, LLEA, Fire
Department, County/City Personnel, etc.)
Examine newly developed tactics,
techniques, and procedures resulting
from GTRI voluntary security
enhancements
Prepare site-specific
integrated response
plan with Federal,
State, local and private
sector partners
• One day (~6 hours) near-real time game play customized to your
specific site
• Realistic events based on actual FBI threat information
• Video injections with mock-media involvement for fast paced action
• Challenges first responders to:
• Stop theft
• Recover missing material
• Execute post-dispersal consequence management
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GTRI Progress

Security Enhancements





In-Device Delay



Identified an estimated 2,933 buildings that meet GTRI criteria for assistance
411 buildings completed
229 buildings assessed and in progress
113 additional buildings have volunteered and are awaiting assessments
Completed 353 installations out of 827 known candidate devices
Industry partners (irradiator manufacturers) have begun to incorporate hardening
into production of new devices
Alarm Response Training and Table Top Exercises




Conducted 51 ART courses and trained 2,012 students from 32 states and
Washington, D.C.
12 ART courses planned in FY2013
Conducted 24 TTXs in 14 states
Tentatively planning 6 TTXs in FY2013 in MO, MI, MN, AR, FL, and TN
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UNCLASSIFIED
Security Enhancement Progress by State
State
Total (Est.)
Buildings
Completed
Buildings
In-Progress
Sum of
Volunteers
State
Total (Est.)
Buildings
Completed
Buildings
In-Progress
Sum of
Volunteers
AK
17
0
0
0
MT
13
3
0
0
AL
67
0
2
0
NC
69
23
6
4
AR
24
1
6
0
ND
16
0
0
0
24
0
1
0
AZ
15
1
0
1
NE
CA
251
29
39
28
NH
7
1
0
0
CO
47
9
5
0
NJ
70
12
11
1
31
1
0
0
CT
31
3
3
0
NM
DC
12
5
2
0
NV
11
0
0
0
NY
129
57
20
3
OH
93
6
4
1
DE
4
0
1
0
FL
129
15
13
5
GA
37
13
4
5
GU
1
0
0
0
HI
12
7
0
0
IA
20
0
0
0
ID
7
0
1
0
IL
83
19
2
2
IN
81
2
6
0
KS
22
1
0
0
KY
19
0
1
11
LA
96
0
0
2
MA
87
33
10
3
MD
84
27
17
0
ME
10
0
0
0
MI
59
0
14
12
MN
42
0
6
0
MO
35
4
0
0
MS
26
2
0
0
OK
80
3
1
0
OR
22
2
0
0
PA
156
39
9
1
PR
13
0
3
0
RI
16
4
1
1
SC
46
1
0
4
SD
4
0
0
0
TN
67
8
8
2
TX
521
56
22
19
UT
32
5
2
0
VA
69
5
2
7
VI
1
0
0
0
VT
3
0
0
0
WA
61
14
0
0
WI
39
0
6
1
WV
10
0
1
0
WY
12
0
0
0
Grand Total
2933
411
229
113
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Regional and Industry Outreach

Regional Outreach and Coordination




GTRI has partnered with state regulators, local law enforcement and the FBI to
conduct regional outreach meetings and workshops to increase awareness and
kick off regional security enhancement projects
Currently conducting coordinated regional efforts in Maryland, Arizona and New
Mexico
Large-scale regional alarm monitoring agreements with several major
metropolitan, county or state police departments
Industry Outreach


GTRI, in coordination with other state and federal partners, conducts industry
outreach meetings and workshops to increase awareness and explore areas for
GTRI security enhancement assistance
Current efforts include:




Radioactive material shippers and carriers
Well-Logging Security Initiative
Radiography industry (NDTMA)
Panoramic irradiation companies
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UNCLASSIFIED
Questions and GTRI Contacts
Questions?
Ioanna Iliopulos
Office Director
North and South American Threat Reduction
Ioanna.Iliopulos@nnsa.doe.gov
202-586-1881
Abigail Cuthbertson
Deputy Directory (Acting)
North and South American Threat Reduction
Abigail.Cuthbertson@nnsa.doe.gov
202-586-2391
Kristina Hatcher
Northern Regional Officer
Kristina.Hatcher@nnsa.doe.gov
202-586-7544
Nicholas Butler
Southern Regional Officer
Nicholas.Butler@nnsa.doe.gov
202-586-1929
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