CSO analysis and
recommendations on ASEAN
policies and programs on Food
Security and Climate Change
CSO analysis
and
recommendations
Outline of Presentation
on ASEAN policies and programs on
Food Security and Climate Change
1. ASEAN Brief Background
2. Agriculture in ASEAN
3. ASEAN and Food Security Policies and
Action
4. ASEAN and Climate Change
5. CSO Analysis /Reflection, Advocacy and
Action Points
CSO
analysis
and
recommendations
ASEAN Background Information
on ASEAN policies and programs on
Food Security and Climate Change
History: Established in August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines,
Singapore and Thailand; Brunei and CLMV joined later
Objective: regional cooperation to achieve economic growth, social
progress, cultural development and regional peace and stability; and to
promote greater collaboration on maters of common interest
Structures and Processes
ASEAN Summit
ASEAN Coordinating Council
ASEAN Community Councils – based on three ASEAN pillars :
ASEAN Political Security Community Council
ASEAN Economic Community Council
ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community
Agriculture in ASEAN
Share of Agriculture to GDP of ASEAN Countries is minimal.
Share of Sectors to GDP of ASEAN Countries, 2007
100%
90%
80%
42.4
41.1
43.2
70%
51.9
43.6
49.9
40.4
66.8
60%
50%
30.1
40%
30%
43
56.6
20%
10%
0%
47.5
40.7
28.7
1.1
41.8
32.7
33.2
13.8
Agriculture
7.4
17.4
Industry
0.1
Services
8.8
17.8
Agriculture continues to be a major source of employment in
many ASEAN countries
Share of Agriculture to Employment in ASEAN
Countries, 2005
57.2
Vietnam
42.1
Thailand
0
Singapore
37
Philippines
15.8
Malaysia
44
Indonesia
60.3
Cambodia
0
20
40
(in per cent)
60
80
CSO
analysis
andmenrecommendations
Challenges
faced by small
and women farmers and
agricultural producers
on ASEAN policies and programs on
Food
Security
and
Climate
Change
• Limited public and private investment in
agriculture
• Impacts of trade and investment
liberalization
AFTA CEPT, ASEAN China FTA, ASEAN
India FTA, Asean Korea FTA, ASEAN
Australia and New Zealand FTA
• Climate change
ASEAN and Food Security
CSO
analysis
andpolicy
recommendations
ASEAN’s
long term
objectives on
agriculture
and food
security
on ASEAN
policies
and
programs on
Food
Security
and
Climate
Change
Mandate
and Policy
Guidance from
the Ministerial
Understanding
on ASEAN
Cooperation in Food, Agriculture and Forestry, 1993
1. Strengthening food security in the region
2. Promotion and facilitation of intra-ASEAN trade
3. Generation and transfer of technology to increase
productivity
4. Agricultural rural community and human resource
development
5. Private sector involvement and investment
6. Management and conservation of natural resources for
sustainable development
7. Strengthening ASEAN cooperation and joint approaches
in addressing international and regional issues
The ASEAN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK ON FOOD
SECURITY (AIFS)
Strategic Thrust
Strengthen food security arrangements
Action Programme
Strengthen national food security programs
Develop food security reserves and mechanisms
Promote conducive market and trade
Promote initiatives supporting sustainable food
trade (ATIGA)
Strengthen the ASEAN Food Security Information
System
Strengthen food security mechanism to forecast,
plan and monitor supply and utilization of
commodities
Promote sustainable food production
Encourage greater investments in food and agrobased industry
Identify emerging issues related to food security
Improve agriculture infra system development to
secure production, minimize post harvest losses
and reduce transaction costs
Efficient utilization of resource potential for
agricultural development
Promote agricultural innovation and research
Promote close collaboration for technology
transfer
Promote food and agro-based development
Address the development of biofuels with
consideration to food security
Address impacts of climate change on food
security
CSO
analysis
and recommendations
How are
these translated
into concrete plans of
for agriculture?
on ASEANaction
policies
and programs on
Food Security and Climate Change
•Series of Strategic Plan of Action on ASEAN
Cooperation in Food, Agriculture and Forestry
(1994 – 2004, 2005-2010)
•Shift of focus from cooperation in food production
and supply to facilitating intra and extra ASEAN
trade in agriculture, fishery and forestry products
Buzzwords – international competitiveness, food
security, updated information on commodity
supply demand and trade
•
CSO analysis and recommendations
Some reflections
on ASEAN
policies and/ analysis
programs on
Food
Security
andgeneral
Climate
Change
ASEAN
policy
declaration reflect
calls of food
security,
sustainable agricultural development, climate change mitigation and
adaptation, among others
But ASEAN programs and activities do not ...
• The only binding aspect of ASEAN policies are those that relate to the
FTAs
• SPAs formed through top down process (and by technocrats) and, as
such, are not reflective of the agenda of small men and women
farmers and agricultural producers
CSO Advocacy and Action Points
Advocacy
Work to be done
An effective and updated ASEAN Evaluate EAERR
Rice Reserve Mechanism
Development of rules and
guidelines for a regional rice
reserve mechanism
Development of an ASEAN Rice
Policy that helps interested
Members attain food selfsufficiency
Consultations to develop and
validate CSO proposal on the
ASEAN Rice Policy
Advocacy and Lobbying
Bodies, venues and process to
engage in ASEAN
AMAF (SOM and Ministerial
level), SAP-FS, AIFS
ASEAN and Climate Change
•
CSO analysis and recommendations
ASEAN
and
Climate
Change
on ASEAN policies and programs on
Food Security
Climate
Change
ASEAN
Membersand
account
for a small
portion of global GHG Emission
• Southeast Asia most vulnerable to
climate change because of the region’s
location and geo-physical characteristics
• Region highly unprepared to cope with
climate change
• Food security threatened by climate change
•
CSO analysis and recommendations
ASEAN’s
work onand
Climate
Change
on
ASEAN policies
programs
on
Food Security
and
Climate
Change
Declaration
on Climate
Change
in 2007
• Calls for closer cooperation on mitigation and
adaptation
• Focus of individual national communication is
mitigation more than adaptation
• Terms of Reference of the Climate Change
Initiative, created an ASEAN Working Group on
Climate Change
• Vietnam pushing for ASEAN association to the
Copenhagen Accord; opposed by other countries
ASEAN Position vs.
Copenhagen Accord
ASEAN Position
Copenhagen Accord
A legally binding agreement
Voluntary, political agreement only
Limit the average global temperature rise
to below 2C above the pre-industrial level
Unclear means to achieve target of
limiting temperature rise to 2C
Ghg emission reduction based on
individual targets (bottom-up), not on
aggregate target
Richer nations to provide developing
countries with scaled-up, new, additional,
adequate and predictable financing to
combat the effects of climate change
No financial commitments from rich
countries, only financial pledges
Financial mechanism will not be
accountable to the COP of the UNFCCC
Developed countries to take the lead
based on the principle of common but
differentiated responsibilities
Based on “burden sharing” among
countries, according to capacity
CSO Engagement with ASEAN
CSO Engagement in ASEAN
Organization
Area of Advocacy
Work
Policy, body, process
engaged in ASEAN
AFA
Food security, Climate
change, agricultural
trade, sustainable
agriculture
Consultations cum
agenda building with
farmers, research,
advocacy, trainings
ASEAN Secretariat, AIFS
Asiadhrra
Food security,
sustainable agriculture,
ASEAN process
Research, trainings and
capability building,
advocacy
ASEAN Secretariat, AIFS
APFNS
Food sovereignty
Advocacy, research
ASEAN Secretariat
EARWG
Food Security,
sustainable agriculture,
agriculture trade,
climate change
Research, advocacy,
training and capability
building
ASEAN secretariat,
national government
Focus on the Global
South
Food security, climate
change, ASEAN Process
Research, advocacy
ASEAN Secretariat,
ASEAN Summit
Oxfam
Food security, climate
change, sustainable
agriculture
Research, advocacy,
funding
Searice
Sustainable agriculture
Advocacy, research,
training and capability
building
Seafish
Agricultural trade,
sustainable resource
management, Climate
change
•
CSO analysis and recommendations
Civil Society
on ASEAN
policiesAdvocacies
and programs on
Food
Security
andof peoples
Climate
Change
Food
sovereignty:
the right
to healthy
and
culturally appropriate food produced through ecologically
sound and sustainable methods, and their right to define
their own food and agriculture systems
•
Support for community-based conservation and
development of seeds
•
Support for sustainable community-based food production,
marketing and distribution, also as a strategy for climate
change adaptation and mitigation
•
Promotion of appropriate farming systems
•
CSO analysis and recommendations
Civil Society
on ASEAN
policiesAdvocacies
and programs on
Food Security
Climateagreement
Change
Sustained
pressure for and
a legally-binding
on
climate change mitigation, adaptation and delivery of
commitments by developed countries under the principle of
common but differentiated responsibilities
•
Pursue multilateral engagement in the UNFCCC process,
not under the Copenhagen Accord which does not conform
with the ASEAN positions
•
Participation of farmers, food producers/providers and
consumers in decision-making in food and agriculture at
different levels
CSO Advocacy and Action Points
Advocacy
Work to be done
Regional program on climate
change
Technology transfer and sharing
-production, pest management,
watershed and other resource
management
-disaster risk reduction and
management
-policies and initiatives on loss
and damage
-weather forecasting and
information
Modelling
Capability building, advocacy and
lobbying
Funds for regional adaptation
initiatives (can be integrated
with common agri fund
advocacy)
Farmers input into the multisectoral framework on climate
change for agriculture, fisheries
and forestry (under AMAF)
Common position at least on
adaptation and financing in COP
Support to PO/CSO participation
in NAPA and NAMA creation
Bodies, venues and process to
engage in ASEAN
AMAF. ASEAN Ministerial
Meeting on the Environment,
TWG on Climate Change, Multisectoral framework on climate
change
CSO Advocacy and Action Points
Advocacy
Work to be done
Bodies, venues and process to
engage in ASEAN
AMAF (SOM and Ministerial
level)
Farmers’ participation in ASEAN Creation of Farmers’ and
Policy Formulation/ Creation of Fisherfolks’ Parallel Forum
an ASEAN Farmers and Fisheries
Advisory Council
Formal and informal interaction Next Meeting in Cambodia
with AMAF
Lobby AMAF minister to endorse
parallel forum and stakeholder
participation in the AMAF
process