Passive Spectrum Use and Upcoming
Changes in the Spectrum
Environment
by
Chris van Diepenbeek
Radiocommunications Agency
Netherlands
Concerns about:





Commercial pressure
SRR in 24 GHz
UWB
Cognitive Radio, Software Defined Radio
Flexibility
 What can Spectrum Managers do ?
 What can Radio Astronomers do ?
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Worldwide
CEPT
Spectrum environment
ECC
Electronic Communications Committee
Europe, 48
Europe, 27
National
(NL)
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Radio Astronomers and the
Radio Regulations
 Article 5: Table of Allocations
 5.340: All emissions are prohibited in the
following bands:…………………..


except for 5.422, 5.483 and 5.511.
these exceptions are geographical limited
 5.149: administrations are urged to take all
practicable steps to protect radio astronomy
from harmful interference….
 Various ITU-R Recommendations
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ITU-R: some simple questions
 WP 7D: Radio Astronomy
 TG 1/8: Short Range Radar
Ultra Wide Band
 WP 1A: Spectrum above 275 GHz
 WP 1B: Cognitive Radio, Software Defined
Radio
 WP 1B: Flexibility
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CEPT
Composition:
 48 Member States (decisions based on consensus)
 EC + EFTA Counsellors
 Observers:
 International Governmental Organizations of States:
on their own right
 European Telecom, Industry and Science
Organisations: reciprocal MoU / LoU
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CEPT
ECC
Electronic Communications Committee
CEPT: Electronic Communications
Committee (ECC)
Electronic Communications means:
transmission, and, where applicable, switching or
routing, which permits the conveyance of signals by
wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic means,
irrespective of the type of information conveyed.
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CEPT
ECC
ECC Mission
Electronic Communications Committee
 Common policies and regulations
 Harmonize the efficient use of the radio
spectrum, satellite orbits and numbering
resource
 Promote interest of Europe on a world-wide
basis
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CEPT Deliverables
Com ECC
 ECC Decisions
 important measures
 European Common
for harmonization
Proposals to ITU
 commitment to
implement
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CPG & Com ITU
 ECPs:
 Briefs:
 Reasons, background
 Recommendations
 ECC and CEPT Reports
 Views on other
proposals.
 All: Public
consultation
CPG documents
freely accessible
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CEPT
ECC
Electronic Communications Committee
The ECC and Radio Astronomers
ECC has an LoU with ESF (CRAF)
 Allows member participation at PT level and
organisation representation at WG or Plenary
Four possibilities for you to influence the ECC:
 Participate as observer
 Participate in national delegation
 Comment during consultations < www.ero.dk >
 Do all !
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European Commission
Radio Spectrum Policy Group (RSPG)
 Advises Commission:
 Opinions on issues such as Digital Dividend,
Streamlining Regulations, Collective Use of
Spectrum, Secondary Trading, etc.
 Draft Opinions are subject to a public
consultation
 Published on < http://rspg.groups.eu.int >
 You all can react !
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RSPG Opinion 6:
A coordinated EU Spectrum approach for
Scientific Use of Radio Spectrum, 25-10-’06.
Objective: improve recognition
Conclusions:
 Considerable societal value
 Incommensurable in financial terms
 Intergovernmental commitments is a European
priority
 Exclusive allocations only for a limited portion of
spectrum
 If sharing (for non 5.340 bands): impact on both
services shall be assessed.
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Opinion 6 and WRC agenda 8.1.1 item C
 Director ITU-R to Report on sector activities related to
Resolution 673 (WRC-07): Radiocommunications Use
for Earth observations applications:
 Its objective: improve recognition
 Res 673 has no word about Radio Astronomy
 In ITU-R we develop the Report about the essential role
of observations (EESS etc. and RAS/SRS);
 Sections on RAS had a slow start
 Shall we change from Science to Observation Services?
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RSPG Opinion 12:
Best Practices Regarding the Use of
Spectrum by Some Public Sectors,11-2-’09
 Focuses on Defense, Emergency and Public
Safety, and Public Transport
 Multiple approaches:
 Document the rights of use by public sector
bodies;
 Determine needs via ex-ante detailed audit;
 Apply a “justification procedure”;
 public sector bodies have to submit a detailed
explanation of their spectrum requirements.
 Also: acquire service from the market, introduce
spectrum pricing etc.
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Netherlands (1)
 Change in Telecommunication Law
 Public Spectrum Users have to justify their
needs on a regular basis:
 Also Science Services have to submit every 3
years a plan containing their justified needs.
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Netherlands (2)
 Minister of Education and Science to specify:
 Purpose and legal basis for public use use,
 Organisation to use,
 Inventory of required spectrum,
 Time, location, conditions for use,
 Further information my be requested by the
Telecom Minister.
 What about proposing this in an ITU-R Report
or Recommendation?
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European Commission:
Radio Spectrum Committee (RSC)
Composed by 27 EU members;
consensus preferred, weighted voting
 EC Decisions: implementation is obligatory
 CEPT Reports (and ECC Decisions) as a basis.
 No Public consultation
 For you: Lobby administrations or EC
Influence the ECC Report
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EC Decisions:
related to the internal market electronic
communications, transport, and R &D
UWB:
SRR:
-
ECC/DEC/(06)12 amended
ECC/DEC/(07)01 (Material sensing)
2007/131/EC
ECC/DEC(04)03 (77-81 GHz)
ECC/Dec(04)10 amended (24 GHz temporarily)
2004/545/EC (77-81 GHz)
2005/50/EC (24 GHz temporarily)
< www.ero.dk >
<http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/policy/ecomm/rad
io_spectrum >
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CEPT
ECC
ECC: Short Range Radar in 24 GHz
Electronic Communications Committee
 Permanent in US,
 Interim on 24 GHz in Europe; the European Regulation
to protect Radio Astronomy is not enforceable.
 No take-off could lead to prolongation of interim
regulations
 Future band: still considerable disagreement in CEPT.
 Prolong on limited period in 24 GHz, and move to 77-81
GHz
 Allow 10 %, or
limited period in band 26 -29 GHz and move to 77-81 GHz.
 Interference ?
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CEPT
ECC
ECC: Short Range Radar in 24 GHz
Electronic Communications Committee
CEPT Report 36 on 24 GHz
 put on hold, awaiting final decision on 26 GHz
 Provisional Conclusion:
“Finally, simply by taking into account the
constraints resulting from coexistence between
SRR 24 GHz and EESS, FS & Radio Astronomy,
CEPT can conclude that existing regulation for SRR
24 GHz systems should in principle be kept without
substantial changes”
(max. 7 % , or mid 2013).
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CEPT
ECC
Electronic Communications Committee
ECC: Short Range Radar in 24 GHz
CEPT Report 37 on 26 GHz band:
 In Public Consultation
 All: as soon as possible to 77 - 81 GHz
 11 Admin’s against use of 26 GHz
 2 Admin’s prolong use 24 GHz under stringent
commitment of car industry
 Express your views !
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CEPT
ECC
Electronic Communications Committee
CPG: Cognitive Radio, Software Defined
Radio
 No definitions in the Radio Regulations
 Any radio system may implement SDR/CRS techniques
within any radiocommunication service as long as it
operates in accordance with the provisions of the RR
applicable for that specific service in the related
frequency band.
 Frequencies or frequency bands (tuning range) for
specific applications could be harmonized, as
necessary, on world wide basis in ITU-R
Recommendations or regionally.
 No regulatory actions would be required for SDR .
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CEPT
ECC
Electronic Communications Committee
CPG: Cognitive Radio, Software Defined
Radio
Deployment scenarios:
 If all systems in a certain band have CRS
capabilities: CRS can share on a primary basis.
 In case of sharing in a band with systems not
having CRS capability: CRS use is secondary to the
use of the service having primary allocation.
Conclusion:
 There is no need to exclude Radio astronomy
bands.
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Other views: Cognitive and Software Radio
 No change to RR’s with a WRC Resolution
providing guidance for further studies;
 No future agenda item;
 No change to RR’s with a WRC Resolution dealing
with the use of Cognitive Radio, further studies
within ITU-R;
 Exclusion of Radio Astronomy and others until
studies are finished
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CEPT
ECC
Electronic Communications Committee
CPG: Flexibility (Resolution 951)
 Increase flexibility in RR while ensuring compatibility
between services: allocations to be done in the
broadest possible way under provisions to ensure
technological neutrality where possible.
 Include only issues which have an international
implication in the Radio Regulations
 Use of a frequency band is decided at national or
regional level, in accordance with the Radio
Regulations, noting that some use is international, or
has international implications
 Develop a WRC Resolution on principles for enhancing
the international spectrum regulatory framework.
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CEPT
ECC
Electronic Communications Committee
CPG: Flexibility
 Current trend towards convergence of applications
within different services;
 Regulations have to keep pace with developments,
while ensuring effective and efficient use of
spectrum allowing operation to be free of harmful
interference;
 Decisions to modify the Radio regulations may take
a period of 4-8 years, sometimes even more.
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ITU-R: Flexibility
Convergence Fixed - Mobile:
 Do as we have done always: every WRC
 Modify definitions in Article 1 to make a clear
difference:
 at motion or at unspecified location is mobile;
 Fixed receiver at specified point or at any point
within a specified area is Fixed Service.
 CEPT: Licensing will protect RAS
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ITU-R: Flexibility
General Allocation Issues:
 2 views:
 RR’s and WRC’s provide the means to meet
requirements of the future;
 Allocate bands to the most broadly defined
service; allocate on a worldwide basis taking
into account safety, technical, operational,
economical factors
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Flexibility for Radio Astronomy ?
 In Article 5 there are 20 frequency bands
allocated to both EESS (passive), Radio
Astronomy and SRS (passive).
 What about a flexible allocation to:
Observation Service (passive)?
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To conclude:
 Look a little bit less to the universe,
 Look a little bit more to the spectrum !
 Thank you
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