New Zealand
Presented by
Environmental Affairs
Head of New Energy - Airbus
27 July 2010
Targeting carbon-neutral aircraft operations
New Zealand

•
Aviation needs to flourish with reduced environmental impact
•
Aviation is necessary for development
Facts:
•
8% Global GDP
•
2% man made CO
2 emissions
•
Over 40 years the focus on innovation has lead to
 70% reduced aviation fuel consumption and related CO
2 emissions
Targets:
•
Carbon Neutral growth by 2020
•
50% CO
2 to 2005 reductions by 2050 compared
New Zealand
Sustainable Aviation Growth with Environmental targets
Page 2

CO
2
1. Technologies, Operations, ATM
2. Additional technology and 3 . biofuels
4. Economic measures
CO
2
Growth if we do nothing
Carbon
Neutral
Growth
2020
100
2005 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
New Zealand
Four key strategic approaches to reducing CO2 emissions
Page 3
Minus
50% CO
2 by 2050

•
Meet all current safety requirements
•
Same Aircraft performance considerations
•
Same properties as Aviation Jet-fuel Kerosene
 Consistent, thermally stable,
 High energy content
 Low freezing point, high flash point...
•
Meets Jet-fuel specifications
Any new fuel has to meet the above characteristics
Page 4 New Zealand

•
Use existing airport fuel storage
•
Common aviation fuel distribution network
•
With common piping and transport infrastructure / mechanisms
• Any alternative should be “drop-in”
…..and mixable with fossil fuel
A “Drop-in” solution is required
Page 5 New Zealand

Conventional
(“Kerosene”)
Alcohols Bio Esters Synthetic
Fuels
CTL
Non-
Renewable
(Fossil)

Jet Fuel
Renewable
* FAME =Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
Ethanol …
35% lower energy content

Fame
10% lower energy content,
-5 °C Freeze point… 
Hydrogenated
Biomass
Cryogenic
Fuels
Liquefied
Natural Gas

GTL
BTL Hydrogenated
Biomass Oils
(HBO)  
Liquid 
Low energy content per unit volume,
Availability,
Infrastructure
CTL, GTL & BTL =Coal, Gas or Biomass to Liquid
Not all options are suitable for aviation today
New Zealand
Page 6

FAME
(FL limited)
JET A-1
FAME starts freezing
(if no FL limitation)
Ethanol
LIS xTL / HBO
New Zealand
GRU
(GRU) Guarulhos Intl, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
JET A-1, xTL’s and HBO’s gives the performance as a drop-in
Page 7

Potential sustainable feedstocks
Multi options in different locations
New Zealand
Page 8

Specification
Properties
Engine Safety, Performance and Durability
(DEF STAN 91-91, ASTM D1655, MIL DTL 83133, MIL DTL 5624)
Fit For
Purpose
Properties
Chemistry, Ground Handling & Safety, Materials compatibility,
Electrical Properties, Bulk Physical & Performance Properties
Component
Testing
New Zealand
2012
2013
2009
2010
50% FT
Fuel Approved
HBO
Research
2011
HBO 50%
100% FT
Fuel Approved
Engine Hot Section, Aircraft Fuel System,
Engine Combustor Rig
Engine
Endurance
Test
Full Scale Engine Rig Test
APPROVAL
100% HBO
Fuel Approved
Airbus supports the Def-Stan and ASTM Approval processes
Page 9

 Flight test
 ~50% GTL
 A380 on one out of the four engines
New Zealand
 First ever commercial revenue flight
 ~50% GTL
 A340-600 all engines
*GTL = Gas To Liquid
Synthetic fuels work and are a precursor for Biofuels
Page 10

•
Airbus acting as a Catalyst for Biofuel commercialisation
•
Projects that develop the Biofuel value chain in different regions
 Farmers, Refiners, Investors,
Airlines….
•
Closed loop process to reduce CO
2 emissions
Source: ATAG Biofuels Beginners Guide
New Zealand
Develop projects that speed up sustainable commercialisation
Page 11

•
A detailed implementation plan for 2nd generation bio-fuel
•
Biofuel production / commercialisation
•
A Biofuel investment strategy
•
An advanced technology development program
•
Ongoing market and strategic analysis
•
Biofuel flight with TAM
•
Quarter 4 2010
•
Using 50% blend of Brazilian Jatropha
•
A320 CFMI Engines
•
Aviation Biofuel commercialisation

Farmers, Refiners, Investors, Airlines….
•
Full sustainability pilot projects with the Roundtable on
Sustainable Bio-fuels
More projects under development
New Zealand Page 12

•
Alternative Fuels work!
•
Cross Industry Collaboration is essential
•
Bio Fuel Commercialisation is 7 – 10 years away  too slow
•
Aviation has limited solutions (Biofuels)
•
Missing common sustainability analysis. Why invest?
•
Other industries have alternatives
30% Aviation Biofuels by 2030?
New Zealand Page 13

• (Some) R&T already delivered, let’s deploy and implement
 Common sustainability criteria
 Lifecycle analysis
•
More industry wide and Airbus R&T needed on e.g. algae
 Also building on early industrial experience
•
Government support through policy and incentives
 Prioritisation of Energy types for different transport modes
 Tax incentives / carbon credits
Page 14 New Zealand

•
Cross industry approach
 Aircraft / Engine Manufacturers to provide technical support for qualification
 Airlines to commit to using and buying bio-fuels
•
Investors needed!
 Growing local economies in various world locations


Sustainability criteria
Joint ventures with airlines and stakeholders
New Zealand
Alternative fuels must be commercially viable…
Page 15

New Zealand
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Page 16

•
GDP
•
ATM
•
ASTM
•
Def-Stan
•
HBO
•
FT
•
GTL
•
CTL
•
BTL
•
RSB
•
FAME
•
ATAG
•
CO
2
•
CFMI
•
LCA
New Zealand
Gross Domestic Product
Air Traffic Management
American Society for Testing and Materials
UK Defense Standard
Hydrogenated Biomass Oils
Fisher Tropsch
Gas To Liquid
Coal To Liquid
Biomass to Liquid
Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
Air Transport Action Group
Carbon Dioxide
CFM International (Engine joint venture between GE Aviation of the United States and Snecma of France)
Life Cycle Analysis
Page 17