Prof. T. G. SITHARAM
Chairman, Centre for infrastructure, Sustainable Transport and Urban Planning (CiSTUP),
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560012
Email: sitharam@civil.iisc.ernet.in
URBAN MOBILITY
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Traditional transport planning aims to improve mobility,
especially for vehicles, and may fail to adequately
consider wider impacts.
The real purpose of transport is to provide access for the
citizens to work, education, friends and family, and
goods and services.
A sustainable transport system is one that is accessible,
safe, environmentally-friendly, and affordable.
Cities should improve the sustainability of their transport
networks to create more vibrant, livable, sustainable
cities.
Why Urban Mobility Matters ?
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Citizens expect high levels of mobility.
Sustainable urban mobility is essential for:
– Guaranteeing citizens a high quality of
accessibility and life
– Facilitating economic development of cities,
thus helping growth and employment
– Respecting the environment and ensuring
sustainable development
INDIA - THE BIG PICTURE
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About 8 Mega cities (>10 million) and 200 cities more than 2,00,000
population – by 2014. Many tier II & III cities in all the states are
urbanizing and growing rapidly drawing lots of people from villages
/elsewhere with increased access to jobs and urban facilities
Motor vehicles: 12 motor vehicles per 100 persons. In Automotive
industry, India is one of the largest in the world and one of the fastest
growing globally. India manufactures over 11 million 2 and 4-wheeled
vehicles and exports about 1.5 million every year. As of 2009, India is
home to 40 million passenger vehicles and more than 2.6 million cars
were sold in India in 2009 (an increase of 26%),
Adhoc planning in all cities
But not many institutions to think and speak on how cities and
transportation can go in an organic and integrated fashion.
It is a tribute to India that it is still working!
Number of cars sold : 23000 (1975)
26,00,000 (2010)
Number of car models: 3 (1975) 50+ (in 2010)]
Price of Petrol: Rs 3.39 per liter (1975)
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Rs 55 per liter (2010)
CHALLENGES FACED BY CITIES
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Congestion
– Increase of traffic in urban areas is causing congestion - this costs
to citizens and businesses
– Parking – Major problem – Portion of road is occupied by Parking
Energy consumption
– Urban mobility - faced by the domination of oil as a transport fuel.
Climate change
– Urban mobility accounts for 40% of all CO2 emissions of road
transport.
Health issues
– towns and cities face increasing air pollution and noise problems,
which impact on citizens health.
Safety and security
– road fatalities take place in urban areas - pedestrians and cyclists
are the most vulnerable victims.
Impact of Global Economic Change
Urbanization, More cars & other vehicles, pollution, congestion, infrastructure development
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Problems of Transport
Road Congestion
Accidents
parking
Increasing Traffic intensity
Other Urban Issues
Water
Urban Sprawl
Urban Flooding
Air Pollution
Garbage Disposal
BANGALORE METROPOLITAN REGION
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• BMRDA Area: 8005 sq.kms
Urban: 2191 sq.kms
BMTC :
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• Population:
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8.4 million in BBMP area
(800 sq.km).
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3.89 million as on March 2010
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16.5 million daily vehicle trips in 2031. 
•6000 K.Ms road length
Metro Rail:
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•Vehicle Population:
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Buses : 6083
Routes operated : 5890
Total Trip Lengths : 12.73 Lakh km
Total Trips : 79,754
Passengers carried : 4.2 million passengers per
day.
583 city and 1785 sub urban routes, running 13
lakhs kilometers and making 76266 trips
42 Kms under construction at the cost of Rs
8158 Crores.
Estimated passengers per day: 16.1 lakh (2021)
Mono Rail: Feasibility study Commuter rail:
54.2 Kms
Under discussion with Indian
railways
Number of Auto rickshaw’s 100,000
•Modal Share: PT: 30%; 2-W:  Radio taxis / cabs
21.4%;Cars: 4.5%;Walk: 34.5% Cycle:
 Car Pool / Car Sharing
4%(source: CTTS)
http://www.carpooling.in/city/Bangalore
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(http://www.commuteeasy.com)
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Shared Taxis/ Autos
Airport
Link
Commuter
Rail
Mono
Rail/LRT
system
Core
Ring
Road
Outer
Ring
Road
Metro
Phase 2
&3
BRT
System
Periphe
ral Ring
Road
Comprehensive Traffic and transport System for Bangalore
Major road widening
project in and around
Bangalore - executed
by the state PWD with
a cost of about Rs
1,000 crores.
- a total of 46 roads
were widened under
this project,
ROAD NETWORK IN AND AROUND BANGALORE
Traffic Management Centre in Bangalore
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Traffic management centre
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Optimization of timing of signals and pattern
– Surveillance cameras and enforcement cameras
– Real time traffic information to public
– Parking information system
Traffic helpline
A High end software application ‘Traffic Silverlight’ provides
sophisticated GUI for monitoring and managing signals .
Signal timings can be changed from the Traffic Management Centre
as and when desired.
Virtual loops with the help of CCTV cameras are also used for traffic
control and monitoring.
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330 signals operational in the city of Bangalore – vehicle actuated signals,
direction boards, pedestrian components, disable friendly auditory signals.
All of the signals are centrally controlled from traffic management centre (TMC)
with IP based network
Reasons for Unsustainable Transport
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Absence of a integrated city development strategies – Need for
Integrated Metropolitan Land transport authority
Unsustainable transport policies driven by meeting demand by
creating additional infrastructures (construction of underpasses,
flyovers, road widening works, etc.)
Governance problems where politics won over technocratic
advice.
Ineffective Integrated transport planning and modal
connectivity's
Little data about the success or failure of implementation in
achieving policy goals
Framework for Achieving
Sustainable Urban Transport
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Planning
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Vision for a livable city and city
master plan
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Public transport – commuter rail,
metro rail, mono rail, commuter
rail, city buses, taxis, autos
Intermodal Transportation Hubs to
connect different modes
Promotion of Walking and cycling
Private vehicles
Trucks and freight movement
Analyses
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Land use planning
Transport master plan
Design Integrated
Transport Systems
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Political
Economic
Social
Technical
Environmental
Implementation and
Monitoring
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Technical support
Stakeholder involvement
Institutional setup
Capacity
Policies
Financing
Urban Mobility in India - Needs
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Increase average speed of public transport buses – Bus priority
Lanes, Direction oriented services and BRT systems
Transit planning / transportation hubs
NMT policy and cycling routes (intermodal connectivity)
Additional parking and development of parking policy
Use of railways to move large section of urban population – Metro
rail, mono rail and commuter rail services to suburban areas
Use of ITS to optimize the services and occupancy of vehicles
Strategies to handle Traffic chaos of heterogeneous mix of bullock
carts to Volvo buses
Need for integrated study for city’s traffic and transportation needs
- Creation of Traffic Engineering Cell to collect necessary data
Increase awareness about Safety on roads to common public
Improvement of side walks - Integrating Hawkers and Vendors
who have occupied the side walks
Trees on Roads / pavements – Some trees need to be cut for better
visibility and mobility ??
Driver education, safety and awareness programmes
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NEW CULTURE FOR URBAN MOBILITY
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SHARED CARS / NMT POLICIES
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– Shared taxis/autos
– Optimization of the use of private cars –
car sharing/car pools
– Promotion of walking and cycling
SMARTER URBAN TRANSPORT
– High quality information for better mobility
– Intelligent transport systems and traffic
management
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– Smart charging
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Better organized freight transport
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ACCESSIBLE URBAN TRANSPORT
– Collective transport accessible and
affordable for all citizens
– Interconnection of urban and sub-urban
networks
– Co-modality: optimization and integration
of transport modes
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GREENER TOWNS AND CITIES
– New technologies to increase energy
efficiency, increased use of alternative
fuels
– Green procurement
– Traffic restrictions and green zones
– Eco-driving
SAFETY AND SECURITY IN URBAN
TRANSPORT
– Safer behaviour, infrastructures and
vehicles
– Cross-border enforcement of traffic
sanctions
– Facing security as a growing threat
A NEW CULTURE FOR URBAN MOBILITY
– Change of behaviour by Education,
training and awareness raising ,
Supported by better data and
information about urban mobility
Thank You for your attention !!!
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