Directed Energy Systems (DES)
Program Committee
Bridging the Gap over the “Valley of Death”
Directed Energy Educational Outreach
Dr. Jim Horkovich
July 28, 2010
Agenda
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White House S&T Policy
Aerospace Industry Corporate R&D in Decline
Acquisition “Valley of Death”
Directed Energy (DE) Outreach
Public Policy Issues
Proposed Scope and Events
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S&T Policy Statement for FY2011 Budget
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S&T Policy Statement for FY2011 Budget
Four practical challenges:
• Applying S&T strategies to drive economic recovery, job
creation, and economic growth;
• Promoting innovative energy technologies to reduce dependence
on energy imports and mitigate the impact of climate-change
while creating green jobs and new businesses;
• Applying biomedical science and information technology to help
Americans live longer, healthier lives while reducing health care
costs; and
• Assuring we have the technologies needed to protect our troops,
citizens, and national interests, including those needed to verify
arms control and nonproliferation agreements essential to our
security.
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S&T Policy Statement for FY2011 Budget
Addressing these challenges will require:
• Increasing productivity our research universities and major
public and private labs and research centers;
• Strengthening STEM education at every level, from precollege to post-graduate to lifelong learning;
• Improving and protecting our information, communication, and
transportation infrastructure;
• Enhancing our capabilities in space, essential for
communications, geopositioning, intelligence gathering, Earth
observation, and national defense, as well for increasing our
understanding of the universe and our place in it.
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S&T Policy Statement for FY2011 Budget
Develop outcome-oriented goals in relation to these four practical
challenges
• Explain how agencies are strengthening their capacity to
rigorously evaluate success of their programs.
• Open innovation model, in which the whole chain from research
to application does not have to take place within a single lab,
agency or firm,
• Support for long-term, visionary thinkers proposing high-risk,
high-payoff research.
• Explain how S&T investments contribute to increased economic
productivity and progress - make these data open to the public in
accessible, useful formats.
• Develop “science of science policy” tools that can improve
management.
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2011 DoD S&T Budgets
• Basic Research (6.1): $1.99B, a 7.8% decline
from $2.16B appropriated in FY 2010
• Applied Research (6.2): $4.47B, a 10.6% decline
from $5.0B appropriated in FY 2010
• Advanced Technology Development (6.3):
$5.35B, an 18.2% decrease from the $6.54B
enacted by Congress in FY 2010.
$2 billion gap between what Congress appropriated in FY-10
and what DOD is seeking in FY-11
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Decline in Aerospace Corporate R&D
• Funded and Corporate R&D declining putting
future leadership in innovation at risk
• Average Industry R&D Investment has declined
from 2.86% of revenues in 2006 to 2.67% in
2008.
• Small apparent percentage represents a large
amount of dollars.
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Acquisition “Valley of Death”
• New, breakthrough technologies struggle to
progress from R&D to acquisition
• Heavy current emphasis on SBIRs to small
companies – seldom leads to major acquisitions
• DE Systems one primary example of programs
mired in the “Valley of Death” between R&D and
fielding prototypes and real systems
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Major Directed Energy Systems Applications
• Communications Applications
• Power Generation, Collection and Transmission:
 Lasers for Fusion Ignition (NIF)
 Energy “harvesting” in space and transmission back to earth
 Beamed Energy Propulsion
 Commercial entrepreneurs pursuing a whole new area for
business/technology development
– Potential Commercialization of space offers new opportunities
• Weapon Systems - Major DoD Expenditures for Directed Energy
– both High Power Lethal and Low Power Non-lethal systems
 Billions Invested and to be Invested
 Efforts across all major Aerospace Companies
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Need for Directed Energy Outreach
• DE Systems mired in the “Valley of Death” between R&D and
fielding prototypes and real systems
• Lack of understanding of capabilities and limitations of DE
systems
• Labs survival based on keeping research going at a high level –
reluctant to let their “baby” go
• Prototyping often stopped by the “next best technology”
• Industry frustrated by never seeing anything transition from
research to production
• Path to “Bridge the Gap” must be developed
• DE Answers technology pursuit objectives of White House S&T
policy
• Technology development for non-DoD applications may benefit
from, and be preceded by, DoD applications.
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WHY NOW?
• DE Program Committee chartered to address the scope of
all systems engineering and programmatic issues
• More Than Just Laser Technology R&D
• FY 10 DoD Budget is $325 million for DEW
The major issues for Directed Energy Systems
advancement are thermal management, materials,
structural design, modeling and simulation, systems
engineering, and integrated (weapon) systems
effectiveness (CONOPS)
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Scope - Goals for the DES PC
• Coordinate Directed Energy Systems Sessions within existing
“mainline” AIAA conferences such as the Plasmadynamics &
Lasers Conference and the Biennial Weapons System
Effectiveness Forum.
• Coordinate AIAA Directed Energy thrusts with other professional
societies such as the Directed Energy Professional Society
• Co-sponsor relevant conferences and events with other
professional societies
• Provide participants to AIAA public policy forums and
initiatives such as the annual Congressional Visits Day
• Assist in resolution of national issues impeding Directed
Energy Systems development, employment and maturation
• Provide an annual article for publication in “Aerospace America”
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Objectives of the DES PC
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Provide Outside Knowledge of Issues and Advances Related to Directed Energy
Systems to the AIAA,
Assure timely dissemination of results from national and international R&D
efforts supporting DE Systems development,
Catalyze and maintain the constituency for Directed Energy Systems within and
outside of the Aerospace technical community,
Coordinate AIAA technical activities across the spectrum of existing technical
committees within the arena of Directed Energy Systems,
Focus interaction and integration related to Directed Energy systems across
technical disciplines,
Provide forums for technical interchange,
Encourage and promote publications of technical papers,
Promote professional development supporting Directed Energy Systems
advancement,
Promote cultural acceptance of the use of Directed Energy Systems,
Promote informed decision making on all aspects of Directed Energy Systems
within the AIAA, industry and government,
And Support AIAA Public Policy Initiatives.
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DoD DEW Programs
CX
USAF Airborne Tactical Laser
2025?
USN Free Electron Laser
CX
US Navy LaWS
Not
Funded
Raytheon
Laser
CIWS
USAF ABL
Not
Funded
Boeing Laser Avenger
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What Do These Programs Have in Common?
• Successful and expensive demonstrations followed by
program termination or reduction back into research for
the “next best solution.”
• Never get from R&D to prototype.
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Directed Energy Technology - DE Outreach 2010
National Campaign
Initiated by AFRL, NM-Optics Society & DEPS
Industry
Academia
Government
Be a Part of it All!
Join the Team
Policy
Workforce
Development
Prototype
Development
Funding
Sources
Economic
Platform
National
Security
Technological
Superiority
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“Bridging the Gap” Conference Convened in NM by AFRL &
the NM Optics Society in January 2010
• Collaborative initiative between government, industry, and
academia
• Congressmen Heinrich (NM-1) and Lujan (NM-3) co-sponsored
• Educate potential customers and government
• Leverage DE for economic development
• Secure investment in DE to sustain US technological leadership
• Encourage investment in DE
• Push DE systems across the acquisition “Valley of Death”
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“Bridging the Gap” Expanded to SPIE and DEPS
• Expand from a local to a national campaign; involve
professional societies
• Congressional visits and reception hosted May 5 in DC
by DEPS/SPIE
• Congressmen Heinrich (NM-1), Whittman (VA-1) and
Trent Franks (AZ-6) attended and spoke.
• Senator Bingaman (NM) is the Senate co-sponsor.
• AFRL leading U.S. Government involvement (MGen
Pawlikowski, AFRL/CC)
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“Bridging the Gap” Schedule of Events
• DEPS Conducted a Congressional Reception on 5 May
2010
• Annual DEPS DE Symposium in Washington, DC, 16 –
18 November 2010
• “Bridging the Gap” Symposium in DC in 2011
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Collaboration with Directed Energy Professional Society
(DEPS) is Essential to both Professional Societies
• DEPS – 2000 members
• MOU Established 2007
• AIAA provides broad based technology depth
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Request
• Include “Bridging the Gap” for getting R&D
to prototypes and acquisition as one of the
major AIAA Public Policy items for CVD
• Focus policy making attention on the “Valley
of Death” in acquisition
• AIAA become a full partner in the DE
Outreach Effort to “Bridge the Gap” in
developing DE systems
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BACKUPS
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2011 Federal R&D Budgets ($M)
Basic & Applied Research
$61.6B, 5.6%
Increased: NASA, DoE, NSF, Commerce
Decreased: DHS
Interior $689 1.1%
All Other (EPA, VA,
Education, Etc) $2,644 4.3%
Increased: NASA, Commerce, NSF
Decreased: DHS, Agriculture, DoD
Interior $772 0.5%
Transportation $1,018 0.7%
HLS $1,046 0.7%
Transportation $781 1.3%
HLS $598 1.0%
Research & Development
$147.6B, 0.6%
Defense $6,477 10.5%
All Other (EPA, VA,
Education, Etc) $3,205 2.2%
Commerce $1,727 1.2%
Agriculture $2,448 1.7%
Commerce $1,050 1.7%
Agriculture $2,234 3.6%
NSF $5,571 3.8%
NSF $5,119 8.3%
NASA $10,986 7.4%
NASA $2,313 3.8%
Energy $11,219 7.6%
Defense $77,548 52.5%
Energy $7,731 12.5%
HHS $31,981 51.9%
HHS $32,156 21.8%
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Federal Research Trends
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Where the Federal Budget Gets Invested
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Technical Society Coordination is a Challenge that the DES PC Will Meet
• Directed Energy Professional Society (DEPS) - www.deps.org
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DE Employment Conference – April; Naval Postgraduate School
Solid State & Diode Pumped Laser Technology Review – June
DE T& E Conference (Co-sponsored with ITEA); August
Laser Damage Symposium – September
DEPS Annual Symposium – November
• International Professional Electro-Optics Society (SPIE)
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“An interdisciplinary approach to the science and application of light.”
Defense & Security Forum – March
Optics & Photonics Conferences – April, June and August
High Power Laser Ablation – April
• American Institute of Beamed Energy Propulsion (AIBEP)
www.aibep.org
 Annual Conference in November
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Major DoD Programs for Directed Energy as Weapon Systems
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Significant DoD R&D through the HEL-JTO (DoD High Energy Laser Joint Technology
Office) - $60 million a year annual portfolio
USAF Airborne Laser (ABL) program – a multi-billion dollar program
USAF Airborne Tactical Laser (ATL) Program – Tactical Applications on a C-130 aircraft
US Army HEL-TD Program - High Energy Laser Tech Demonstrator - $150 million over the
next 5 years (Endorsed by recent NRC Review for DE Technology to Counter Rockets,
Artillery, and Mortars)
US Navy LaWS Program – Solid State Laser Weapons on board ships (DoD POM10 entry)
US Navy Maritime Laser Demo Program – Potential $98 million SDD program
US Navy Free Electron Laser Program – Major Integration Demo program getting started in
2008
AFRL CHAMP Program – Counter Electronics HPM and use of HPMs to disrupt command
and control architectures without infrastructure damage
DARPA HELLADS (High Energy Liquid Laser) Program Transition to Users
DHS Airport Protection Programs (CHLOE Program)
“Vigilant Eagle” and other High Power Microwave Systems – potential for employment in
defense against MANPADS launched against aircraft (civilian and military) and High Power
Millimeter Wave Systems – Anti-personnel non-lethal area defense systems
Billions of $$
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USAF Roadmap
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ELLA – Electric Laser on a Large Aircraft
"USAF Plans Demo: The Air Force and Defense
Advanced Research Projects Agency are collaborating
on a 100-kilowatt-class solid-state laser program in
hopes of conducting an airborne demonstration of the
capability on a B-1B Lancer in the next three years, the
air service’s chief scientist said, Inside the Air Force
reports. The laser -- known as the Electric Laser for
Large Aircraft, or ELLA -- is the “next logical step” for
the Air Force to pursue after the chemical Advanced
Tactical Laser (ATL), Air Force Chief Scientist Werner
Dahm said in a Jan. 13 interview at the Pentagon.
The air service has shifted its focus in recent years
from chemical lasers to solid-state lasers because of
the lessened size, weight and power requirements of
the electric assets. However, the “appeal” -- the ability
to not only defend an aircraft from surface-to-air or airto-air missiles but also to strike with pinpoint precision
without collateral damage -- of ELLA is the same as
with ATL, Dahm said. “If we had this today . . . this one
would be absolutely, undeniably game-changing,” he
said."
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DE Weapon Technology
USAF/AFRL/Directed Energy Directorate 2008 Roadmap
2010
Counter Electronics
HPM
2020
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CHAMP
Precision Engagement
Chemical to Electric Laser
Force Protection
mm Wave
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Advanced CE FLTC
ELLA
Defensive SS
6 Laser Fighter
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(Fiber)
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Airborne ADT
ADS
Force Protection
Laser
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CE POR
ELLA 6
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ATL Offensive (SS)
2030
6 ASP HEL
Detector Damage 6 C-RAM6 6
HEL RM Demo (IAVSD)
ASP (CMIRCM)
Force Protection
HPM
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Airborne C-IED
Max Power
Long Range Strike
Laser
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ABL Beam Control
Space Control
SSA
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COIL
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GEO 2 Sodium Beacon AO
Source: AFRL Briefing for Industry
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Air Base Shield
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Gas
Hybrid Electric
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High Alt RM
IAVSD Strategic RM
Very Large Aperture SSA
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Synth Ap hi-res GEO
img sys development
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Directed Energy System Technologies Include:
• Lasers, thermal management, design optimization, fluid dynamics and aerooptics, materials and structures, propulsion and energy, testing, and modeling
and simulation
• DE Technologies Span many existing AIAA Technical Groups, Committees &
Program Committees:
 Groups:
– Aerospace Sciences (AS)
– Aircraft & Atmospheric Systems (AAS)
– Engineering & Technology
Management (E&TM)
– Propulsion & Energy (P&E)
– Space & Missiles (SM)
– Structures Design & Test (SD&T)
 Program Committee:
– Unmanned Systems
– Homeland Security
 Technical Committees:
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Plasmadynamics & Lasers (AS)
Thermophysics (AS)
Fluid Dynamics (AS)
Modeling & Simulation (AS)
Flight Testing (AAS)
Systems Engineering (ET&M)
Weapons Systems Effectiveness (SM)
Design Engineering (SD&T)
Structures (SD&T)
Materials (SD&T)
Survivability (SD&T)
Aerospace Power (P&E)
Space Systems (SM)
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