Challenges in Produced Water
Treatment and Measurement
Emerging Trends
Te
David B. Burnett, Frank Platt, Carl Vavra
Department of Petroleum Engineering GPRI
Texas A&M University
September 2013
GPRI
EFD
U.S. Lower 48
Technology Developments
2500
Producable Reserves, tcf
2000
Growth of Natural Gas Resources,
International
China
1500
1000
India
South America
500
EU
0
2000
Years
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
Technology Developments
Challenge
Community Acceptance
Texas A&M University GPRI Team’s
Successes contd.
2010 EFD A&M Marcellus Shale Pre-Treatment Field Demos
2010 EFD EU Program Started
2011 Frac Flowback Brine Analytical Technology Roundtable
2012 EFD Technology Integration Program Funded
2013 EFD Advanced Analytical Project Initiated
Texas A&M Involvement with Key
Environmental Programs
Sustainability
Research Network
A&M IRNR
Field Access - Trials
GSI Environmental
Advanced Analytics
Environmentally
Friendly Drilling
Program
Challenges Facing Produced Water
Management
Varying Water Compositions
Lack of Infrastructure
Public/policy Demands (environmental &
perception Issues)
Water Transport/storage
Variation in Use of Product Water
Disposal
24
Challenge
Getting Good Ideas Adopted
EFD 2006 - 2013
EFD-TIP 2013 - 2016
EFD Field Trials
New York Chenango Co. 2012
Texas A&M
Marcellus
Shale Brine
Re-Use
Courtesy Williams Bros. Company
Deliverables
Status
• Identify optimal treatment techniques for ultra- • Current field trials in New York
• A&M Separation Sciences pilot testing new
high brine concentrations
technology
• Provide information to community leaders
• Creation of new Analytical Services Roundtable
New York Field Trial of Ultra-High Salinity Brine Pre-treatment: Texas A&M
Environmentally Friendly Drilling Technology for the Marcellus Shale –SPE 158396
A&M Lab in the Eagle Ford
Why Do We Field Trial Brine Treatment before
Treated and Untreated Frac Pond Brine
Re-Use?
Field Frac Brine after Three Weeks
Treated
Eagle Ford
Field Frac Brine
Un-Treated
Process Train Schematic
Raw Water Source
/Wire Screen + 25 U Cartridge
pH, Temp.,
Conductivity,
turbidity, toc
Oil & Grease removal
BETX Removal
Media Filtration
*
Micro Filter
Nano Filter
Toc, Turbidity,
BETX,
Conductivity
TSS removal
pH, toc Conductivity
Hardness Removal
Reverse Osmosis
pH, conductivity, toc
Desalination
Table 1 Target Values of Treatment
Characteristic/Item Reduction or Target Value
Hydrocarbon Reduction
reduction
Turbidity
or less
Total iron
reduction
Hardness Ca++
reduction
Barium
reduction
Sulfate B/A
reduction
80%
1 NTU
22%
50%
44%
77%
SPE 158396 PP
New York Field Trial of Ultra-High Salinity Brine Pretreatment: Texas A&M
Environmentally Friendly Drilling Technology for the
Marcellus Shale
Analytical Laboratory at A&M
Low Pressure Media Filtration
High Pressure Membranes and On-Line
Sensors
Power Costs of Produced Water Treatment
Samples Date Test Description Duration kw used Cost per bbl
S-62, S-63
S-58, S-59
S-84, S-85
2-Sep Running Dow NF (B)
2-Sep
Koch U-F
2-Sep
media
Koch UF
3.35
0.2
325 gal.
63.63
0.3
2.1
Utica Formation (Herkimer Sand)
180,000 tds
NY Trial, 2011
$0.84
$0.03
$0.00
$0.14
$0.98
Emerging Trend
Air Emissions from Produced Water
Open Impoundments
Frac flowback Water
Sampling
Stray Methane Gas
Sampling
http://epicphotogear.com/tip/panos
Emerging Trend
On Site Analytical Measurement.
http://www.advancedsensors.co.uk/products/side-stream-slip-stream/sa100
Advanced Sensors Inc.
http://www.advancedsensors.co.uk/?gclid=CInEu6D10rkCFcZj7AodpVkABw
Analytes: Non Purgeable Organics
Emerging Trend
Emerging Trend
New York Field Trial
Description
Raw Water
After Media
After Micro
After Nano
TOC
90
73
28
22
Emerging Trend
Ultra-Filter Results
Before >5700E cfu per ml
After 1E cfu per ml
Emerging Trend
The Environmentally
Friendly Drilling
Systems Program
Demonstrating
innovative technologies that reduce
environmental footprints
www.efdsystems.org
www.efd-tip.org
The EFD Team
Co-funded by RPSEA, U.S. Fish & Wildlife, Industry, Environmental Organizations
SPONSORS
MANAGEMENT TEAM
ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
COLLABORATORS
ALLIANCE MEMBERS
Thank you
Links to More Information
Videos and Panorama Shots
http://epicphotogear.com/tip/panos/
Water Treatment Video Link
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hdoiWXDU6ek
http:/www.efdsystems.org
https://sites.google.com/site/amefdtipprogram2013/page-3