Findings and Recommendations
Global 2001
NCW Innovation Cell
CAPT Don Inbody
Director, Joint C4ISR Decision Support Center
UNCLASSIFIED
Approach
• Scientific Method
– Control, Experiment
– Test hypotheses
• Analytic Rigor
– Measures of Force Effectiveness
– Measures of Effectiveness
– Measures of Performance
UNCLASSIFIED
Measures Of Performance Disrupted
By Obstacles To NCW (Programs of Record)
Re-establish
status quo in
JOA
Time to
Achieve Policy
Objectives
Casualties
Risk
(inside/outside
AOR)
Gain assured access to
JOA
Achieve high OPTEMPO
e.g. Ship-Days in Gulf or
Force Able to Mass Effects
e.g. Rate of Effective Ops
vs. Centers of Gravity
Maneuver forces to gain
dominant advantage
Precisely engage adversary
systems
Sustain forces in JOA
Protect forces and noncombatants
Command/Direct Forces &
Support
e.g. Centers of Gravity
held at risk
e.g. Kills Per Sortie Losses - Damage
e.g. Sortie Rate
e.g. Avoidable Losses
e.g. % Acts Consistent
w/Commanders Intent
Awareness of terrain and
battlespace
% HVTs ID’d
(& Held at Risk)
TPFD Closure Capacity
Area Defended
(air threats, irregular threats)
ISR/Info Search Rates
(anti-access systems, COGs)
Mobility of forces and
support
Target(s)-Weapon(s)
Pairing Effectiveness
“Footprint” in JOA
Timeliness of Indications
& Warning
Data-to-Knowledge
Processing Capacity
Movement/reaction delay
Target track accuracy and
holding time
Flexibility/Adaptability
of Forces & Suppliers
Susceptibility /
Vulnerability of HVTs
Info Availability
(Exchange/Collaboration)
Max weapon or effect
range
Launch platform
surviviability
Visibility of Supply
& Demand
“Counter-fire”
effectiveness
Timeliness (speed, timing)
of Decision-making
Force efficiency
Weapon (Effect) Performance
(Range, Accuracy, PK)
Assessment Accuracy
Measures Of Performance Disrupted
By Obstacles To NCW (Future Programs)
Re-establish
status quo in
JOA
Time to
Achieve Policy
Objectives
Casualties
Risk
(inside/outside
AOR)
Gain assured access to
JOA
Achieve high OPTEMPO
e.g. Ship-Days in Gulf or
Force Able to Mass Effects
e.g. Rate of Effective Ops
vs. Centers of Gravity
Maneuver forces to gain
dominant advantage
Precisely engage adversary
systems
Sustain forces in JOA
Protect forces and noncombatants
Command/Direct Forces &
Support
e.g. Centers of Gravity
held at risk
e.g. Kills Per Sortie Losses - Damage
e.g. Sortie Rate
e.g. Avoidable Losses
e.g. % Acts Consistent
w/Commanders Intent
Awareness of terrain and
battlespace
% HVTs ID’d
(& Held at Risk)
TPFD Closure Capacity
Area Defended
(air threats, irregular threats)
ISR/Info Search Rates
(anti-access systems, COGs)
Mobility of forces and
support
Target(s)-Weapon(s)
Pairing Effectiveness
“Footprint” in JOA
Timeliness of Indications
& Warning
Data-to-Knowledge
Processing Capacity
Movement/reaction delay
Target track accuracy and
holding time
Flexibility/Adaptability
of Forces & Suppliers
Susceptibility /
Vulnerability of HVTs
Info Availability
(Exchange/Collaboration)
Max weapon or effect
range
Launch platform
surviviability
Visibility of Supply
& Demand
“Counter-fire”
effectiveness
Timeliness (speed, timing)
of Decision-making
Force efficiency
Weapon (Effect) Performance
(Range, Accuracy, PK)
Assessment Accuracy
Findings
• The Joint force will fail to achieve its full potential
effectiveness without implementation of Network
Centric Warfare principles
• Current programs of record are insufficient to
implement NCW principles
• Future planned programs provide only
incremental improvement
• Further innovation is necessary to implement
NCW
–
–
–
–
Full integration across program and system lines
Doctrine
Organization
Training
UNCLASSIFIED
Principal Issue
• “Impedance mismatches” in information
transfer usually fall along systems,
program, mission, and service lines.
• ergo:
– any organization or program that appears to fall along
service lines is suspect
– acquisition programs not under a system of systems
integration umbrella is suspect
UNCLASSIFIED
Recommendations
• Doctrine and Training
– New/modified TTP/CONOPS/Doctrine to fully
achieve the capabilities offered by the new
technologies
– Create a T&E force (JFCOM?) using CONUSbased forces to organize a JTF that will train
jointly developing and using NC principles
UNCLASSIFIED
Recommendations
• Systems Integration (Acquisition)
– Integrate acquisition programs under NCW focused
mission capability area umbrellas with mechanism to
balance funding and ensure technical
compliance/interoperability (e.g.)
•
•
•
•
SIAP SE
Link-16/JDN/WIN-T/JTRS/JTI
GCCS
DCGS
– Invest in distributed, modeling & simulation
environments (such as JDEP, Dnet, and ACETEF) to
enable concurrent doctrine and systems development to
link warfighter with acquisition communities and rapidly
field NCW focused capabilities
• Doctrine/tactics development
• System development and test
• Provide consistent methods to measure and compare
system performance
UNCLASSIFIED
Recommendations
• Organization
– Create standing JTF Headquarters (at
JFCOM?) to train to Joint standards of
organization able to respond to world-wide
crises, tasks.
– Organize (at JTF level) by warfare function
(Fires, Maneuver, Resources) vice service
(ARFOR, LCC, NAVFOR, JFMCC, JFACC)
UNCLASSIFIED
Global 2001
Innovation Game
Network Centric Warfare Cell
UNCLASSIFIED
Developing a Joint Task Force
Headquarters
A Path Ahead
8 April 2015
UNCLASSIFIED
Standing Joint Task Force
Headquarters
Current Situation:
Necessary Functions:
• Existing capabilities are available now
• Joint Mobile Ashore Support
Terminals
• AN/MSQ-126: Integrated Mobile
MARFORPAC Command Post
• Multiple ACTDs add additional
capability
• Communicate (Up/Down, Sideways including
Coalition and NGO)
• General Situational Awareness (Red & Blue)
• Logistics (Situational Awareness &
Management)
• Dynamic Retasking of Intel
• Direct Fire
• Direct Maneuver
• Net Assessment (Effects-based Operations)
• Information Operations
• Rapid Execution
Programs Examined by DSC:
Known Shortfalls:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
48
5
7
26
Advanced Concept Tech Demos
DARPA Programs
Joint Test & Evaluation Projects
Concepts
Standard Operating Procedures
Trained Staff
System Flexibility
Knowledge Management /
Information Superiority
• Interoperability
• Information Operations / IA /
UNCLASSIFIED OPSEC
Most Attractive Candidate
Systems / Concepts
Communications
• Airborne C4ISR Node
• Extending the Littoral Battlespace
• Joint Interface Control Officer Support System
Command and Control
•
•
•
•
Joint Continuous Strike Environment
Automated Deep Operations Coordination System
Federated Assessment Target Enhancement
Adaptive Courses of Action / CINC 21
Logistics
• Joint Logistics/Joint Theater Logistics/Coalition Theater Logistics
Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
• Integrated Collection Management
Information Operations
• Information Operations Planning Tool
UNCLASSIFIED
The JTF HQ Shortfalls
Doctrine
No clear command relationships
Current SOPs and TTPs are not
integrated
Separate planning and execution
processes
Sensor control (physical)
Dynamic collection management
Data dissemination
Info Assurance / OPSEC
Organization
No permanent staff
Not fully using reachback
capabilities
Need to integrate JTF HQ
Identify and train staff early
Collocation of DCGS with JTF
Training
Establish a school house
Joint operational training is
secondary to tactical training
Time Critical Targeting cycle
Leadership
Materiel
Communications capabilities
Common Operating Picture
Joint logistics planning
Dynamic sensor retasking
Low Density / High Demand ISR
Platforms
Space Based Infrared
Joint Fires
Interoperability
Info Ops/ Assurance/ OPSEC
Chain of command and command
relationships must be specified
Decentralized operations require
understanding of commander’s
intent
Personnel
No assigned personnel
Additional Intelligence data to
analyze
UNCLASSIFIED
Facilities
No dedicated facilities
No common facilities
ISR Tasking, Processing,
Exploitation, Dissemination
Materiel Fixes  Solutions
Doctrine
No clear command relationships
Current SOPs and TTPs are not
integrated
Separate planning and execution
processes
Sensor control (physical)
Dynamic collection management
Data dissemination
Info Assurance / OPSEC
Organization
No permanent staff
Not fully using reachback
capabilities
Need to integrate JTF HQ
Identify and train staff early
Collocation of DCGS with JTF
Training
Establish a school house
Joint operational training is
secondary to tactical training
Time Critical Targeting cycle
Leadership
Materiel
ACN (DARPA)
ELB ACTD
JICO Support System
ACOA ACTD
JL/JTL/CTL ACTD
ICM ACTD
JCSE ACTD
ADOCS ACTD
FATE System
IOPT ACTD
Chain of command and command
relationships must be specified
Decentralized operations require
understanding of commander’s
intent
Personnel
No assigned personnel
Additional Intelligence data to
analyze
UNCLASSIFIED
Facilities
No dedicated facilities
No common facilities
ISR Tasking, Processing,
Exploitation, Dissemination
Approach to Field Standing
JTF Headquarters (SJTF HQ)
Field Capabilities
(Initial FY03/04)
(Update as Required)
• CINC Ownership
• Synergy of Full-Time
Staff
• Improved Capabilities
• Available for Current
Operations
• Firm Doctrine and
Training Foundation
CJCS Proposed SJTF HQ
Model
(11/03)
Add Other
Attractive
Initiatives
(9/02 - ?)
Review & Modify as
Necessary
(9-12/02)
CJCS Plan for SJTF
(3/02)
Build on Existing Capability
(JMAST)
(9/01)
Test in Millennium
Challenge 02 with
CINC support
(7-8/02)
Spiral
Development
Continues
Add Most
Attractive
Initiatives
(9/01-4/02)
JFCOM Experimental
SJTF HQ Standup
(2/02)
UNCLASSIFIED
Back Up Slides
UNCLASSIFIED
Proposed Budget
Includes:
• 5 Upgraded Joint Mobile Ashore Support Terminals or similar
• Top 10 Recommended Programs
$ in Million
RDT&E
PROCUREMENT
O&M
MILCON
Civilian Personnel
Military Personnel
(cumulative)
Total Funding
Fielded JTF HQ
FY02
$ 16.0
$ 10.3
$
1.8
$
3.0
$
2.0
FY03
$ 61.0
$ 13.7
$
3.2
$
5.0
$
6.0
FY04
$ 63.8
$ 30.0
$
5.7
$
8.0
$
9.0
FY05
$ 44.2
$ 23.0
$
6.7
$
2.0
$ 12.0
FY06
$ 14.0
$ 51.9
$
9.7
$
$ 15.0
55
$ 33.1
55
110
$ 88.9 $ 116.5
1
2
220
$ 87.9
4
275
$ 90.6
5
NOTE: Issue paper being developed for FY02-07 budget through Council of Colonels with COL Krieger
UNCLASSIFIED
Methodology
Examined:
Sources of requirements/shortfalls:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
48
5
7
26
Advanced Concept Tech Demos
DARPA Programs
Joint Test & Eval Projects
Concepts
JTF C2 Study (Joint Staff/DSC)
Other DSC studies
Joint Mission Force
JFCOM Joint Experiments
Global Info Grid/Joint Operational
Architecture
Measures:
• Ability to satisfy shortfalls
• Schedule
• Include all C4ISR functional areas
Utility (% of Best)
100
80
Top 10
60
40
20
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Rank (% of Best)
UNCLASSIFIED
80
90
100
ng
ni
op
pl
w
an
ith
ce
3
3
9
9
3
9
9
3
9
9
3
3
Quality Score:
9 - Adds New Capability
3 - Improves/Integrates Existing Capabilities
1 - Automates Manual Process
UNCLASSIFIED
9
ct
or
1
1
1
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
1
0.8
0.9
Maturity Factor:
1 - FY02
.8 - FY03
.7 - Started - IOC Unknown
.6 - FY04+
al
Fi
n
at
ur
ity
Fa
18
18
18
21
15
12
12
9
9
15
M
To
ta
l
IO
/IA
/O
PS
ra
b
EC
ili
ty
tf
or
in
jo
In
te
ro
pe
3
3
3
3
cu
te
3
3
3
3
9
Ex
e
Ab
ili
ty
fo
r
to
in
fo
ke
e
p
su
p
pa
er
io
ce
d
an
tif
y
en
id
to
ty
Ab
ili
rit
y
sa
tis
fy
lit
y
bi
xi
lit
y,
fle
na
e
Fu
nc
tio
3
s
CC
IR
s
d
an
ur
es
St
ru
ct
ur
JT
F
JT
F
rd
Au
g
9
9
3
3
3
3
KM
ADOCS
JCSE
ACOA
FATE
ELB
ACN
JICO
IOPT
ICM
JL/JTL/CTL
St
an
da
Fu
l
ly
tra
i
ne
d
O
pe
Co
m
ra
tin
m
g
an
de
Pr
oc
ed
rJ
TF
an
d
JT
F
HQ
ad
ap
ab
ili
ty
St
af
f
Program Ranking: Top 10
18
18
18
16.8
12
7.2
7.2
9
7.2
13.5
3
ng
s
ni
an
ith
pl
1
3
1
3
1
3
9
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
1
3
3
UNCLASSIFIED
3
12
16
7
6
3
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
3
9
10
9
0.8
0.6
0.8
0.7
0.7
6
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
1
0
0
0.8
1
1
1
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
1
0.7
1
0.7
0.6
0.6
Fi
na
l
Fa
ct
or
at
ur
ity
M
ta
l
To
IO
/IA
/O
PS
EC
ili
er
ab
te
ro
p
In
9
3
ty
tf
or
ce
jo
in
cu
te
Ex
e
Ab
ili
1
pa
ce
p
ke
e
KM
ty
to
in
fo
fo
r
to
ty
Ab
ili
3
3
9
3
1
3
1
3
w
rit
y
su
pe
rio
an
d
id
op
sa
tis
fy
an
d
bi
xi
en
tif
y
lit
y,
fle
na
ct
io
Fu
n
JT
F
JT
F
Au
g
St
ru
ct
ur
e
g
ra
tin
O
pe
rd
da
St
an
lit
y
rJ
TF
de
an
m
Co
m
ne
d
tra
i
lly
Fu
JIVE
CINC 21
ABA
C2&D
TIPS
JeMPRS
CSEL
CID
CCID
PRESS
IDM
TELEPORT
EC5G
JDIICS-D
PKI
Adv ISR Mgt
JISR
BDA in JTT
HUMINT
(HICIST)
HAE UAV
RTV (RBV)
SAIP
CAESAR
CC&D
ESG
CMMA
UGS
AJP
TAPS/VSS
CC
IR
s
ad
ap
ab
ili
ty
an
d
Pr
JT
oc
F
HQ
ed
ur
St
es
a
ff
Program Ranking: The Rest
9.6
9.6
5.6
4.2
2.1
0
0
0
0
0
4.8
0
0
0
3
6.3
6
5.4
4.8
3
3
3
2.4
2.1
2.1
2.1
1
0
0
JTF Concepts/Programs
Reviewed
• USJFCOM - Millenium Challenge 02 (MC 02) JTF-HQ
Forward
• USCENTCOM - Joint Deployable C2 Center ACTD
• USPACOM - Joint Mission Force (JMF) Systems &
Applications
• USCINCPAC - Mobile C4 Command Post to Support
Contingency JTF Operations
– USN Joint Mobile Ashore Support Terminal (JMAST)
• USN - Joint Command & Control Capability JCC(X)
• USAF - Air Operations Center (AOC) Weapon System
• Joint Communications Support Element (JCSE)
UNCLASSIFIED
Baseline JTF C2
Systems & Applications
COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT
Global Broadcast System (GBS)
SHF SATCOM Terminal
TACSAT UHF Terminal (CINC 1/JTF NET)
Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS)
USSOCOM SCAMPI (UHF) Terminal
HF/UHF/VHF (Voice & Data)
TACTICAL SWITCH
Commercial Private Branch Exchange (PBX)
Crypto
INFORMATION PROCESSING EQUIPMENT
UNIX Work Stations
Personal Computers (PCs)
JWICS VTC Equipment
Radiant Mercury
AUTODIN/Defense Messaging System (DMS)
APPLICATIONS
Global Command and Control System (GCCS)
GCCS-Integrated Imagery and Intelligence (GCCS-I3)
Personal Computer Integrated Imagery and Intelligence (PCI3)
Command and Control Personal Computer (C2PC)
Theater Battle Management Core System (TBMCS)
Global Combat Support System (GCSS)
Joint Operational Planning System (JOPES)
Status of Resources and Training System (SORTS)
NET Meeting
Joint Defense Information Infrastructure Control System - Deployed (JDIICS-D)
Personal Communications System (PCS) PCS Data Access Service (PDAS)
NETWORK ACCESS / SERVICES
CINC 1/JTF NET (Via TACSAT)
DoD TELEPORT/Standardized Tactical Entry Point (STEP)
Tactical Data Links in formats A, B, and J (TADIL A/B/J)
Defense Red Switch Network (DRSN)
Defense Switch Network (DSN)
TACTICAL SWITCH NETWORK (LIMITED)
Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System (JWICS)
Joint Deployable Intelligence Support System (JDISS)
Secure Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPRNET)
Non-Secure Internet Protocol Router Network (NIPRNET)
INTELINK
Electronic Key Management System (EKMS)
Local/Wide Area Networks (LAN/WAN)
NEWSGROUPS (WWW Access)
Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS)
Improved Data Modem (IDM)
Wireless Web
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Deployable JTF HQ Options
11th Signal Brigade/EAC
The 11th Signal Brigade is a totally mobile unit
headquartered at Fort Huachuca, Ariz. It is the primary
provider of rapid-deployment tactical communications
anywhere in the world. Using switch, satellite, microwave,
cable and tropospheric scatter, the brigade is capable of
providing service to units no matter where they are in the
world. It provides both long distance and local service.
UNCLASSIFIED
11th Signal Bde
Similar Communications
Capabilities to JCSE
* Normally used to backfill JCSE
Responsibilities
• OSD
– C3I
• Advocacy and oversight of entire program
– AT&L
• Acquisition oversight
• Joint Staff
– Advocacy and JROC oversight
• CINCs
– CINCEUR, CINCCENT, CINCPAC, and CINCSOUTH - Integration,
execution, coordination, and local operational control
– JFCOM - operational execution, interoperability
• Defense Agencies - support
– DISA
– NSA
• Services
– Army and Air Force - coordination and support
– Navy - planning, programming, budgeting, acquisition management,
and program execution
UNCLASSIFIED
Joint Mobile Ashore Support
Terminal (JMAST)
Current Capabilities / Hardware
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
GCCS-M
OTCIXS/TADIXS
Message Handling (DMS0
Environmental Data/Weather
Tactical Decision Aids
Imagery
Resource Mgt. (MS Office)
Projectors/Briefing Equipment
Phone Switch
Integrated Services Digital Network
HF/VHF/UHF LOS
UHF SATCOM
X-band SHF SATCOM
INMARSAT
SINCGARS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Link-11
SIPRNET LAN, Terminals
NIPRNET LAN, Terminals
Battle Force email
VTC
Secure Telephone
Fax/Secure Fax
GPS
Generators
Power Distribution
Fuel Storage
UPS
HVAC
DRASH Shelters
UNCLASSIFIED
CINCPACFLT Programmed Upgrades
JTF Enhancement Package
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Tactical Telephone Switch
Coalition Data Network
GCCS (COP, JOPES)
TBMCS
JDIICS-D
Additional Secure Phones
Additional DSRN
Additional SIPRNET
Additional NIPRNET
Additional Coalition Data Terminals
Unprogrammed Upgrades
• JWICS (TRE/TRAP)
• Link-16/22
• HaveQuick
• Network Encryption System
• Upgraded Phone Switch
• Prime Movers