JOINT TASK FORCE
TRAINING
Form the Joint Task Force
Purpose
 Familiarization
with the fundamentals of
establishing a Joint Task Force
–
–
–
Two Tiered Command and Control
JTF Design
JTF Staff Structure
References

JP 0-2, Unified Action Armed Forces, 24 Feb 95

JP 3-0, Doctrine for Joint Operations, 1 Feb 95

JP 3-56 Command and Control Doctrine for Joint
Ops, Draft,
Apr 97

JP 5-00.2 Joint Task Force Planning Guidance and
Procedures, 13 Jan 99

USCP Emergency Action Plan (Volume V) Sep 98

USCINCPACINST 3020.11B Organization and
Administration of USCINCPAC Deployable Joint Task
Force Augmentation Cell (DJTFAC), 10 Sep 97
Joint Forces
Joint Forces are
composed of significant
elements assigned or
attached, of two or more
Military Departments and
are commanded by a JFC
with a joint staff
JP 3-0, pg. II-10
Chain of Command and Control
PRESIDENT
CJCS
SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
UNIFIED
COMMANDS
MILITARY
DEPARTMENTS
CO COM
JOINT
TASK FORCE
OP CON
FUNCTIONAL
COMPONENT
SERVICE
COMPONENT
COMMANDS
Service Forces
(Not assigned by
“Forces For”)
SERVICE
COMPONENTS/
FORCES
SUBORDINATE
UNIFIED
COMMAND
Chain of Command
Coordination
PACOM Command Structure
Strategic
National
CJCS
CINC
Strategic
Theater
TIER I
Chain of Command
Coordination
NCA
USA
COMP
USN
COMP
TIER II
SPT
CINC
USAF
COMP
USMC
COMP
SOF
COMP
JTF
Operational
Level
USA
COMP
Tactical
Level
USN
COMP
USAF
COMP
USMC
COMP
SOF
COMP
JPOTF
Joint Task Force
CM
NEO
Peace
Enforcement
A JTF is formed or designated by SECDEF,
a CINC or an existing JTF Commander for
a specific limited objective and dissolved
upon achieving its assigned objectives
JP 0-2, pg. IV-9
Disaster
Relief/
HA
SSC
Peace
Keeping
JTF Employment in PACOM
 MOOTW
–
–
–
/ SSC is most likely scenario
Short Duration / Small Scale / No-Notice
Joint
Multinational / Interagency
 Chain
of Command: NCA--CINC--JTF Commander
 Use of JOPES Crisis Action Procedures Required
Bottom Line: Requires
Joint Staff employing Joint
Processes
13AF
Decisions affecting JTF
structure
Facts
Decisions
Assigned Tasks
JTF Mission
Required Capabilities
Force Options
Force Options
Component Structure
Component Structure
C2 Structure
Basing
Support Structure
Staff Structure
Force
Structure
A JTF
that can:






Our Goal
Rapidly plan in a complex setting
Develop a plan which supports national and strategic
theater goals
Continuously integrate logistics
Orient on the enemy’s operational center of gravity
Efficiently execute a plan based on the commander’s
concept
Achieve synergy in the employment of all military and
inter-agency capabilities
JTF Component Structure
(Service)
CINC
Capabilities
or functions
do not
overlap
Simplicity in a
Time Compressed
Environment
CJTF
NAVFOR
AFFOR
ARFOR
MARFOR
JSOTF
JTF Component Structure
(Functional)
Unity
of
Effort
CINC
Organize by
capabilities
or
functions
CJTF
JFMCC
JFACC
JFLCC
JSOTF
JPOTF
JCMOTF
JP 3-56, Pg III-6
Subordinate TF Structure
Unity
of
Effort
CINC
Geographic
or
Mission
Specific
CJTF
TF
TRANS
TF
MED
TF Eng
JSOTF
JPOTF
JCMOTF
The Leap to the
Operational
Level
NCA
CINC
SOP
JTF
TACTICAL LEVEL
USMC
MARFOR NAVFOR
AFFOR ARFOR JSOTF JPOTF
USA
USN
MEF
USAF
CORPS
FLEET
AEF
A formidable challenge
A leap from the
“Comfort Zone”
JTF Staff Mission
Crisis Action Planning
Phase I:
Situation Development
Phase II:
Crisis Assessment
Phase III:
COA Development
Phase IV:
COA Selection
Phase V:
Execution Planning
Phase VI:
Execution
Not Business
As Usual
Minimal
Time
Philosophy
Structure
Procedures
Operational
Level Focus
Cellular
Staff
Structure
Ops
Plans
Pers
Conducted by a “New” Staff
Comm
Intel
Log
Component Staff
COMMANDER
N/G1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
S
T
A
F
F
N/G2
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
S
T
A
F
F
N/G3
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
S
T
A
F
F
N/G4
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
S
T
A
F
F
N/G5
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
S
T
A
F
F
N/G6
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
S
T
A
F
F
Forming the Joint Staff
DJTFAC
Personnel/J1
Intel/J2
Ops/J3
Log/J4
PSYOPS,
Civil Affairs,
Legal, Medical,
Pol Mil,
Etc.
Plans/J5
Comms/J6
Designated Headquarters Staff Organization
JTF
Forming the CTF Staff
PSYOPS,
Civil Affairs,
Legal, Medical,
Pol Mil,
Etc.
DJTFAC
US Headquarters
N/G1/DP
N/G2/IN
N/G3/DO
N/G4/LG
N/G5/XP
N/G6/SC
Other Nation Headquarters
AC1
AC2
AC3
AC4
CTF
AC5
AC6
What the DJTFAC Is:

USCINCPAC Staff (21)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
O-6 Team Chief
1xJ1
1xJ2
2xJ3(OPS)
2xJ3(Plans)
3xJ3(IO/CA/PSYOP)
2xJ4(Plans/Eng)
2xJ5(TPFDD)
1xJ5(Pol-Mil)
1xJ6
1xPA
1xSJA
1xMed

USCINPAC Components
–
PACAF (5)



–
USARPAC (4)


–
Logistics & Ops Planners
JICPAC (6)

–
Logistics & Ops Planners
MARFORPAC (2)

–
Logistics & Ops Planners
Terrain Analysis Tm
CINPACFLT (2)

–
Airlift & Fighter Ops
Airlift Management
Logistics & Ops Planners
IAT Officers & NCOs
SOCPAC (1)
TRAINED---EXPERIENCED---READY TO DEPLOY---WORK FOR THE JTF
Other JTF Augmentation

Public affairs

JOPES

Logistics Readiness Center (LRC), JLCC

SOF-CA, PSYOP

Legal

Host nation

Liaison











Service component
Coalition
NGO, PVO, OGA
TRANSCOM
DOD agencies (DMA, CIA, etc.)
USSPACECOM
Medical
Pol-Mil POLAD
JULLS, JAARS (Lessons Learned)
Contracting official
Establish a CMOC (Civil-Military Operations Center)
The Result: A JTF Staff
CJTF
J1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
S
T
A
F
F
J2
J3
J4
J5
J6
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
S
T
A
F
F
S
T
A
F
F
LIAISON
S
T
A
F
F
S
T
A
F
F
S
T
A
F
F

Command Group

Battle Staff

Integrated Staff
Cells

Routine Support

Liaison
How Does It Work?
The JTF Staff
 Task
Organized to the Specific Mission
 Capable
of Rapid Information Processing
 Organized
for Efficiency
 Shortened
Plan-Decide-Execute Cycle
Routine Staff Support
CJTF
J1
J2
J3
J4
J5
J6
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
S
T
A
F
F
S
T
A
F
F
S
T
A
F
F
S
T
A
F
F
LIAISON
S
T
A
F
F
S
T
A
F
F




More Closely Aligned
with Normal Staff
Organization
Representatives on
Integrated Cell
More meetings than
Bodies: Battle
Rhythm
Linkage to staffs
higher and lower
Command Group

CJTF
J1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
S
T
A
F
F
J2
J3
J4
J5
J6
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
S
T
A
F
F
S
T
A
F
F
S
T
A
F
F
LIAISON
S
T
A
F
F
S
T
A
F
F
Decision Makers
Battle Staff
CJTF
J1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
S
T
A
F
F

J2
J3
J4
J5
J6
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
S
T
A
F
F
S
T
A
F
F
S
T
A
F
F
LIAISON
S
T
A
F
F
S
T
A
F
F




Chief of Staff
Direction
“Board of
Directors”
Staff Cognizance
over Integrated
Cells
Represents all Key
Battlefield
Operating Systems
Deals with
Processed Data
Integrated Staff Cells
CJTF
J1
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
S
T
A
F
F
J2
J3
J4
J5
F
F
F
F
U JOINT PLANNING
U
U GROUPU
N S
N S
N S
N S
T
C T
C TOPERATIONS
C T
CCELL
INFORMATION
T A
T A
T A
T A
I F
I F
I F CENTER
I F
JOINT
OPERATIONS
O F
O F
O F
O F
N
N
N
N
TPFDD
WORKING
GROUP
A
A
A
A
L
L
L
L
LIAISON

Cross Functional
Representation

LNO
Representation

Information
Management

Battle Rhythm

Planning
Handover
J6
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
S
T
A
F
F
Integrated Staff Cells












JOINT RECEPTION
CENTER
EPW MANAGEMENT
BOARD
JOINT
INTERROGATION
CELL
JOINT COLLECTION
BOARD
FORCE FIRES
JOINT TARGET
BOARD
CIVIL MILITARY OPS
CENTER
REAR AREA
OPERATIONS CTR
JOINT MOVEMENT
CONT CTR
JOINT FACILITIES
UTIL BD
JOINT AV LOG SPT
BD
JOINT MATERIAL
PRIORITY
ALLOCATION BD

















OPERATIONAL PLANNING TM
POLITICAL MILITARY GROUP
COMMUNICATIONS COORD
CELL
RULES OF ENGAGE COMM
JOINT DISEASE CONT BD
JOINT INFORMATION BUREAU
MORALE, WELFARE, AND
RECREATION
MILITARY COORD CENTER
JOPES CELL
SECURITY ASSESSMENT
TEAM
SPECIAL OPS CELL
JOINT MEDICAL CONT BD
HEALTH SERV SPT BD
JOINT VISITORS BUREAU
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
CTR
JULLS TEAM
JOINT MORTUARY AFF BD
 JOINT
CONTRACTING
BD
 FUTURE PLANS
 JOINT AWARDS
BOARD
 JOINT CAPTURED
MATERIAL EXPLOIT
CELL
 FUTURE OPERATIONS
 COMBAT OPERATIONS
CENTER
 JOINT MOBILITY AND
ENG BD
 TRNG READINESS
COMM
 JOINT TERRAIN
MANAGE BD
 LOGISTICS
READINESS CENTER
 JOINT PETROLEUM BD
 JOINT LOG COORD BD
 JOINT HNS SPT BD
Liaison
“They are crucial to success, and you have to pick your best people. They
have to have the moxie to stand up in front of a two or four star general,
and brief him on what their commander is thinking, their unit’s capabilities,
and make their recommendations.”
LTG Stiner, USA
Cdr, JTF South, Operation Just Cause
CJTF
J1
J2
J3
J4
J5
J6
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
S
T
A
F
F
S
T
A
F
F
S
T
A
F
F
S
T
A
F
F
LIAISON
S
T
A
F
F
S
T
A
F
F




Liaison higher and lower
Liaisons to JTF staff
become key members of
Integrated Cells
More meetings than
Bodies: Battle Rhythm
Rank/Experience critical:
Must be able to speak
for the commander
Joint Task Force Focus
“Unity of Command and Simplicity
remain the key principles to be considered
when designing a JTF command
architecture.”
Somalia Operations: Lessons Learned
Jan 95, Page 61
Command Relationships
OPCON
• Authoritative direction for all Military Operations
• Organize and employ Commands and Forces
• Assign Command functions to subordinates
• Establish plans/requirements for intel activity
• Suspend/reassign subordinate commanders
TACON
• Local direction and control of movements
• Typical in Functional Command structure
Command Relationships
“... there should be no mistaking the fact that
the greatest obstacles to unity of command
during UNOSOM II were imposed by the United
States on itself . . . command arrangements had
effectively created a condition that allowed no
one to set clear, unambiguous priorities in
designing and executing a comprehensive force
package.”
Somalia Operations: Lessons
Learned Jan 95, Page 60
Command Relationships
Existing war plans assigned to Commandant,
14th Naval District, the sharing of joint supervisory
control over the defense against air attack; working
with the army to have their air defense guns
emplaced; exercising supervisory control over navy
shore based aircraft; and arranging through
Commander, Patrol Wing 2 for coordination of the joint
air effort.
Prange, At Dawn We Slept
JTF Staff Organization
JCCC
J6
CHAP
DEPUTY
CJTF
SURGEON
$ COMP $
JPG
J5
JVB
LRC
JMC
J4
J1
JRC
LEGAL
CHIEF
OF
STAFF
PUBLIC
AFFAIRS
J2
JSRC
J3
JIB
JTCB
RECOMMENDED
JISE
JOC
CMOC
Patient Movement
Requirements Center
Personal
Staff
Joint
Communications
Control Center
Deputy
CJTF
J-6
Surgeon
Joint
Planning Group
Comptroller
J-5
Legal
Advisor
Chief
of
Staff
J-2
Joint Intelligence
Support Element
Joint Visitors
Bureau
Joint Mortuary
Affairs Office
J-4
Public
Affairs
National Support
Team
Joint Information
Bureau
J-3
Sub Area Petroleum
Office
Joint
Document
Exploitation
Center
Captured
Material Exploitation
Center
Joint
Search and Rescue
Center
Civil Military
Operations Center
Joint Movement
Center
Logistics
Readiness Center
J-1
Joint Interrogation
Facility
Chaplain
F2C2
Joint Reception
Center
Joint Blood
Program Office
Joint Operations
Center
Joint Targeting
Coordination Board
Facilities
Utilization Board
CJTF Determines
Staff Relationship
AS Required
Recommended
JFACC ?

“The JFC will normally designate a JFACC. The JFC will
base the decision to designate a JFACC on several
factors such as:”
– Mission
– Concept of Operations
– Tasks to Subordinate Units
– Forces Available
– Duration and Nature of Air Operations Desired
– Degree of Unity of C2 of Joint Air Ops Required
JP 3-56.1, Pg II-2
JTF Organization
Multinational Operations
“Nothing that I have ever been taught
prepared me for the mental jump needed to go
from being Chief of Operations in NATO army
group to being Chief of Staff of a UN Operation,
where I had to bring together the staff from ten
different nations and staff the deployment in less
than three weeks from the Security Resolution.”
Major General R.A.
Cordy-Simpson UKAR
“Integrated” Command
Structure
MULTINATIONAL
FORCE
COMMANDER
CARFOR
US
ARFOR
CNAVFOR
Allied
ARFOR
US
NAVFOR
Allied
NAVFOR
DMFC
CAFFOR
US
AFFOR
Allied
AFFOR
When Used: Common Language, National Objectives,
Good Interoperability
“Lead Nation” Command Structure
International
Alliance Auth
Combined CMD
MULTINATIONAL
FORCE
COMMANDER
Allied
Nat’l Cmd
Allied Nation
Other
Components
Allied Nation
Army
Component
Nat’l COCOM
U.S. Unified
Command
U.S.
Army
Component
U.S.
Naval
Component
When Used: Significant Language or National Objective
Differences or Poor Interoperability
U.S.
Air Force
Component
Command
Relationships
Combatant Command (command authority) (COCOM)
(Unique to Combatant Commander)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Budget and PPBS input
Assignment of subordinate commanders
Relations with DOD agencies
Convening of courts martial
Exercising directive authority for logistics
Authoritative direction for all military operations and joint training
Organizes and employs commands and forces
Assign command functions to subordinates
Establishes plans and requirements for intelligence activity
Suspend from duty subordinate commanders
When
OPCON
is delegated
When
TACON
is delegated
AFSC
JP017 Gd-g
05-24-95
 Locally directs and controls
movements or maneuvers to
accomplish mission
When
 Aids, assists,
SUPPORT
protects, or
relationship
sustains another
is delegated
organization
JTF Lessons Learned...
Lessons Learned: Forming
Lessons Learned: Planning
“Master the mechanics & techniques; understand the art and
profession; and be smart enough to know when to deviate from it.”
GEN Zinni, CINCCENT
“Leaders should use the military decision-making process to
expedite or facilitate planning, but should not let it hinder their
efforts to understand the complex issues that lay beneath the
operation’s surface.” LTC D. Scalard, Military Review, 1998
Lessons Learned: Deploying
Lessons Learned: Employing
 Deter…
 Fight
to win...
Lessons Learned: Transition
Transition may occur between the JTF and another US command,
with another military command (i.e. UN follow-on forces), with host
nation forces, or to civilian control. Regardless, both commands
must prepare for and coordinate the transition to ensure an orderly
change of authority and responsibility.
Lessons Learned:
Redeploying
Redeployment is essentially the reverse of deployment.
Redeployment can begin at any point during JTF operations and
planning should begin as soon as possible.
QUESTIONS?