30 Years of Live Working in Romania.
Economical Benefits of Live Working
(case study)
Marius Oltean- SC Smart SA- Romania
Ioan Sevastre- SC Smart SA- Romania
Ioan Rodean -CN Transelectrica SA- Romania
Valentin Zaharescu- CN Transelectrica SA- Romania
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Content
1. Introduction. A Brief Overview of LW
History
2. The Beginning
3. Further Activity
4. The Present Time
5. LW Persectives in România
6. Technical and Economical Benefits of
LW (case study)
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Some history….
The first country in the world that tried to work live was USA -1913.
Canada -1929.
Former USSR -1940.
Sweden -1949.
France- 1958
GDR- 1969
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The Begining
In 1975 the interest for a new
technology was revealed in
Romania.
As consequence in 1978 a
contract between Romania and
DDR, for LW implementation
was signed.
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1979 -the training of a
work team from IRE Sibiu
in
the
German
Democratic Republic at
Berlin-Neuenhagen .
The second training took
place in Sibiu between
18-28.09.1979, under the
surveillance of german
instructors.
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The first five 400kV technologies:
• The replacement of suspension
strings;
• The working at the phase
conductors;
• The preparation for dyeing of the
supporting pilons;
• The painting of the metallic
supporting pilons
• The removing of the unwanted
objects from the pilons.
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the first live work performed
in Romania, 25.09.1979,
on the pilon 198 of 400kV
Sibiu –Tantareni OHL.
suspension
insulator
replacement and technical
revision of the conductors,
using an insulated lather
and a mobile charriot.
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1979 the first
technical
regulation for Live
Working on 110400kV, PE141/79,
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Further Activity
• 1982 – 1985: the training
courses for five teams at
Sibiu.
• 1983: manufacturing of 5
Live Working suites.
• 1987: manufacturing of the
tool set for live maintenance
of 750KV overhead lines
• 1982- 1994: 58 live
maintenance technologies
for 110-400kV overhead
lines were elaborated and
tested.
• 1996: manufacturing of the
first tool-set for MV Live
maintenance
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2001: together with the
outsourcing of the
maintenance activities
of TRANSELECTRICA
National Company,
live maintenance =
SMART S.A .
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2002: the Live Working
National Committee
23.07.2003: Romanian
National Live Working
Association (A-LST-R).
www.lst.ro
Every three years- an
International
Live
Maintenance
Symposium.
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The specialists from
Romania at the international
LW Conferences ESMO,
CITTES and ICOLIM
(especialy) -theoretical
papers and practical
demonstrations
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The Present Time
• 80 Live Maintenance technologies.
Smart crews are able to perform LW
maintenance on OHL and in substations,
from 20 to 400kV
• there are also some erecting, designing
and consultance companies which are
interested in LW.
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LW Persectives in România
• The CN Transelectrica SA intends to elaborate a lasting program of
organization and development of hot-line work. One of the targets:
the establishing of a National LW Training Center.
• S.C. SMART S.A. intends to to extend this activity.
• Interest for LW implementation especially for Medium Voltage
coming from the distribution companies.
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Technical and Economical Benefits of
LW (case study)
Is really Live Working necessary?
Is really Live Working efficient?
Is really the implementation of Live
Working technically and economically
justified?
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LOSSES AND CONGESTION IN TRANSMISSION
POWER GRID
• Gaps and voltage-breaks are a source of economic
loss (damages) in industry, commerce, agriculture,
transport or are creating inconvenience in
supplying residential customers.
• The interruption of power supply is accompanied by
damages, lack of production, reduced quality of
products, reduced productivity in manufacturing scrap,
defects
in
equipments,
technological
process
disturbances (superior in time to the power interruption),
accidents, additional costs for salaries, materials,
energy, etc.
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• For refineries, paper mills or production of
electronic components, even a few seconds break
can lead to processes stopping and therefore
economics losses.
• For stationary situations in NPG, Transelectrica SA
performed all sorts of studies. As a result series of
practical measures were taken, one of them and
perhaps the most important is the extension of Live
Maintenance.
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Four types of characteristics:
- the A model. The consumers case on which the effects of voltage loss occur
after duration of critical outage (tA), which are evidenced by a certain amount
of damage (dA), the further losses are negligible;
- the B model. The case of companies on which the amount of businesses
damage is proportional only with outage time and occur after a certain time
(tB) (cement factories, businesses engineering);
- the C model. This is a combination of the first two models. The effects of
disconecting occurr only after a longer period, but have a important value
beyond the critical time (tC). Further damage is proportional to the
disconnecting duration (in the aluminum industry, technological processes in
steel etc.).
- the D model. With different critical period’s t1, t2, t3, for various plants, conected
technological processes and which lead then to various damage proportional
to time (chemical plants, petrochemicals, some spinners).
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LIVE WORKING APPLICATION IN
TRANSMISSION POWER GRID
Conventionally, in the event of deenergising of an 400 kV OHL, with
taking over of the consumers in this area through other OHLs of TPG,
results in energy loss, on detour lines, of about 5 MW / h active power.
In a specific case of interruption of a OHL 400 kV, for only 10 days, 8
hours/day, may be produced daily active energy loss in the order of 120
MW/h and of 1200 MW/h, for 10 days total.
With the 10 days interruption duration for technical revisions for 20 400 kV
OHLs, during a calendar year, the energy losses reach 24,000 MW / h
and their cost would be around 720,000 Euros.
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User type
Failures
Programmed
Withdraws
[€/kWh]
[€/kW]
[€/kWh]
[€/kW]
Industrial
8,7
2,6
3,8
0,8
Service
11
1,9
7,2
0,8
Agriculture
4,9
0,54
1,6
0,18
Residential
0,61
0,068
0,3
0,034
Public
3,4
0,65
1,5
0,23
User type
Failures
[€/kWh]
Programmed
Withdraws
[€/kWh]
Industrial
8,05
5,61
Commercial and
Service
12,07
8,2
Agriculture
1,83
1,22
Residential
0,98
0,85
Public
1,59
1,22
Food Industry
1,59
1,34
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• A first example: live replacement of bus-bar
insulation in 400/110/6kV Braşov substation.
Wednesday
OHL
400kV
Length [km]
Sunday
swP
swQ
swPQ
[MWh]
[MWh]
[MWh]
swP [MWh]
swQ [MWh]
swPQ [MWh]
Sibiu
125,3
132,1917
0,0386
132,2303
41,3656
3,1068
44,4724
Bradu
150,7
443,5
6,7417
450,2414
371,8928
19,2345
391,1273
Gutinaş
124,483
174,38
22,79
197,159
94,086
12,8911
106,9771
Dârste
13,2
5,615
0,225
5,84
4,4225
0,4627
4,8852
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS FOR INSULATION REPLACEMENT IN
400 KV BRAŞOV SUBSTATION
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• Suplimentary considerations on the
advantages of Live Working
Insulation replacement on a 220 kV tension tower. It is assumed
that the 220 kV OHL active power is 150 MW.
Deenergised
OHL
Energised OHL
Number of workers
6
6
Number of working hours
4
7
Number of operators
2
1
Number of working hours
2
3
Labor costs (Euros)
572.04
970.17
Vehicle costs (Euros)
30.65
46.88
Tools redemption (Euros)
7.21
15.19
Energy shortfall (MWh)
600
0
50,409.90
1,032.24
Total (Euros)
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COMPARISON BETWEEN LW AND CLASSIC
WORK
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Conclusions
• With a 30 tradition the Live Maintenance in Romania is
an ongoing activity. There is an interest fot this kind of
work from transmission company. The distribution
companies in Romania are still searching for the real
benefits of LW.
• The presented studies demonstrates, against general
current which considers that LIVE WORKING is
performed with higher costs than the work on
deenergised line that Live Working has an important
economic advantage.
• Regarding the congestions Live Working is not only a
recommendable technology, it is mandatory in
congestion management.
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!!
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