TRACTION PRODUCTS
MOHAMED SABITH KT
M110212EE
Locomotive Designation
Based On Input Energy Source
Steam Locomotives
Diesel Locomotives
- Diesel Hydraulic
- Diesel Electric
Electric Locomotives
- AC
- DC
Anatomy Of Electric Locomotive
Vehicle Control Electronics
Bogie
Traction Converter
Traction Transformer
Bogie
Powered Axle
.
Contemporary Propulsion System
AC Drive Implementation - Locomotive
25 kV, 50 Hz, 1Ø
DC Link
=
3 Ø IM
~
~
4Q Control Front End
3 Ø Inverter
Near Unity Power Factor
Harmonic Reduction on Line Current….Staggered Pulsing
Between Converters, Between Bogies, Between Locos, Between Trains
Converter Controls – Overview
Converter & Vehicle Control Electronics
Vehicle Control Electronics
Converter Electronics
GTO Based Traction Converter
ADVANTAGES OF 3 PHASE AC DRIVE TECHNOLOGY :
• 3 Phase technology uses GTO Thyristors / IGBTs and Pulse Width
Modulation (PWM) techniques on the Converter as well as the Inverter
side with digital controls for driving 3 Phase Squirrel Cage Induction
Motor.
• 3 Phase technology has the advantage to work at Unity Power Factor and
draws sinusoidal current from the catenary.
• Use of regenerative braking results in energy saving upto 30%, giving fast
payback.
• Use of Squirrel cage Induction Motors results in virtually no maintenance
as compared to conventional DC Drive systems.
Regenerative Braking
Pneumatic braking
Electric braking has fast response-no air requirement
Fast to act
Fast to release
No wear of brake components-higher life of components
Braking energy is not wasted but back to the grid
Measurements show savings range between 12-30%
CONTD….
At an average cost of electricity a 3-Phase loco will produce electricity worth
Rs 7.33 Crore in its service life.
Taking the present cost of 3-Phase loco as Rs 13 Cr, the loco pays back more
than half of its cost by regeneration only
These are self debt-servicing locomotives
Locomotives with BHEL equipments
Passenger Loco
WAP 7
WAP 5
Freight Loco
WAG 9
AC EMU
Crux – Present System
Limitation with GTO based system
• Requires large gate drivers and snubber circuits, hence higher losses
• Obsolescence of power device GTO and electronic components
• Proprietary ASIC’s and Hybrid circuits
• Platform dependant control architecture, RTOS and software tools
• Proprietary protocol, inability to configure third party hardware & software
Future Trend
IGBT Based
• 3 Phase AC Electrics for 7000 HP Loco
• 3 Phase 6000 HP AC Loco
• 3 X 130KVA Auxiliary converter for 6000HP loco
• 500KVA Hotel load Inverter
FPGA
Customer’s Profile
• Railway Board -> Initiate development projects for AC EMU/LOCO
tender.
• RDSO
-> Nodal agency for all technical approvals
• CLW
-> Manufacturing of AC Locomotives
Invites tender for 6000 HP Converter/ Inverter Systems
• DLW
-> Manufacturing of Diesel locomotives
Invites tender for 4500 HP Converter/ Inverter Systems
• ICF Chennai -> Manufacturing of AC EMU/DEMU equipment (1600 HP)