D2-01-28
Role of ICT in Power Sector
Presented by
Shri. Kishor Chavan & Rakesh Guhagarkar
Deputy Director(Technical),
Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission, Mumbai
Agenda
• Role of ICT in Power Sector
• Challenges in Transmission
• WAMS / PMU
• Real Time Application of WAMS
• WAMS implementation in Maharashtra, India.
• Regulatory Support
From Traditional to Future Grid
Future Grid
Traditional Grid
• Centralized power generation
• One-directional power flow
• Generation follows load
• Operation based on historical experience
• Limited grid accessibility for new producers
• Decentralized and distributed power generation
• Intermittent renewable power generation
• Consumers become also producers (CPP)
• Multi-directional power flow (Inter Regional)
Short Term Open Access Transactions are increasing
• Operation based more on real-time data
Role of ICT in Power Sector
Information and Communication Technologies has a major role to play: By allowing two way communication throughout the grid,
 Not only power but information is also transported,
 Numerous intelligent devices are continuously interacting with each other
Role of ICT in Power Sector
Major Applications of ICT in Power Sector:Automatic Meter Reading
Remote Disconnect and Reconnect
Demand Side Management and Load Management
Integration of Renewable Energy
Integration of Distributed Generation, standby, mini grids and off-grid
generation
Demand response
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)
Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS)
Phase Measurement Unit (PMU)
General Challenges in Transmission Networks
 Increasing demand for power
 Transmission networks get bigger by aggregation (island
interconnected)
 Distance between generation and load changes
 Laws, regulations & politics often impede building power plants
where they are needed
 Introduction of distributed energy resources e.g. wind, Solar
Load flow becomes volatile
Modern supervision and smarter tools to manage the increasing
complexity of the grid are needed;
Increase the utilization of new technologies e.g. WAMS
to allow the networks to operate closer to its capacity
while maintaining system security
Wide Area Management System
Conventional system:Analog and digital information related to the power system, such as circuit
breaker status, frequency, voltage and power flow (MW/MVAr) measured at
substation level and is presented in the LDC through SCADA/EMS .
The information is routed and updated every 10 seconds at respective LDCs.
Limitations of SCADA:Angular separation between coherent group of generators within a
synchronous grid is representative of the grid stress. The measurement of
angular separation and its telemetry at the control centre level in SCADA / EMS
has limitations.
The load angle is either estimated from the available SCADA data or the
angular separation between pair of substations is derived offline with the help
of power flow on the line, impedance of the line and respective voltage.
Both these methods have limitations due to data latency and inaccuracies
inherent in SCADA/EMS.
Wide Area Management System
PMU
PMU
PMU
PMU
PMU
PMU
PMU
PMU
PMU
WAMS is an ICT application which has overcome the limitations of SCADA.
With WAMS, it is possible
To monitor the phase angles at the control centre.
To visualize magnitude and angle of each phase of the three phase voltage/current ,
frequency, rate of change of frequency and angular frequency at every few milliseconds
interval (say 40 ms) in the LDCs.
To observe transient / dynamic behavior of the system in near real time at the control centers.
Wide Area Monitoring (WAMS) : Phasor vs. SCADA
Comparison
Wide Area Measurement System
Phase Measurement Unit
The Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is the basic building block
of WAMS.
PMU definition (as stated in IEEE Std.C37.118-2011):
“A device that produces synchronized measurements of phasor (i.e.
its amplitude and phase), frequency, ROCOF (Rate of Change Of
Frequency) from voltage and/or current signals based on a common
time source that typically is the one provided by the Global
Positioning System UTC-GPS.”
PMU measures the system state viz. voltage and angle of a
particular location at a rate of multiple samples per second. This data
is time stamped through a common reference and transmitted to the
Phase Data Concentrator (PDC) installed at a nodal point, through
high speed communication medium.
Phase Measurement Unit
Phasor represents magnitude and phase angle at any given instant of sine wave
of voltage or current
PMU typical configuration
Pulse-Per-Second
GPS
antenna
Synchrophasors,
Frequency,
ROCOF
Data
streaming
GPS
receiver
Phasor
Measurement
Unit
Analog inputs
(voltages/currents)
A/D
conv.
Modem
Wide Area Monitoring (WAMS) : Real time Application
Phase Angle Monitoring
Voltage Stability Monitoring
Power Oscillation Monitoring
WAMS Application : Phase Angle Monitoring
Benefits:
Provide operator with real time information about voltage phase angle
deviation, Improve voltage control, improve system stability, security and
reliability , and operate safety carrying components closer to their limit.
WAMS Application : Voltage Stability Monitoring
Normal Operation
Early warning
Emergency alarm
Benefit:
Early warning against voltage collapses, Immediate stop of cascading
effects, and Protection against uprising voltage instabilities.
WAMS Application : Power Oscillation Monitoring
System Status:
Normal, Warning and Alarm
WAMS Benefit:
Detection of oscillation, Assessment of power system damping, Increase power
transfer at defined security, and Early warning to avoid power system collapse.
Benefit of Using PMU
Real time monitoring
Post-disturbance analysis
Adaptive protection to avoid
cascading outage
Power system restoration
 Improve calculation for real time path flow and
optimal dispatch
 Provide actual limits of the system instead of the
conservative ones from offline calculations
Improved backup protection
 Reduce chance of recurrence of system outage
Source: Dr. Luigi Vanfretti, KTH Sweden
Special Report Question
Q.1 How is ICT utilized in Maharashtra, India, for implementing WAMS? What
is the percentage of grid observable using such systems? Any challenges in
implementation?
EXISTING grid Management using SCADA/EMS
Limitation of Existing SCADA/EMS
PMU Implementation in India
• In India, fourteen (14) Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) have been
commissioned as on 31st May 2012. In the Northern Region, the PMUs
have been placed at nine 400 kV substations viz. Vindhyachal (HVDC
back-to-back station), Kanpur (with SVC), Dadri (HVDC inverter
terminal), Moga, Kishenpur, Agra, Bassi, Hisar and Karcham Wangtoo.
•
In Western Region PMUs have been placed at two 400 kV substations viz.
Raipur and Bhadravati. In Southern Region, they have been placed at three
400 kV substations viz. Salem, Hyderabad and Bengaluru.
• The three Phasor Data Concentrators (PDC) have been installed at the
respective Regional Load Despatch Centres (RLDCs) located in New
Delhi, Mumbai and Bengaluru. Placement of PMUs/PDCs at few more
locations in India has been envisaged under the pilot projects taken up by
the RLDCs.
• After completion of all the pilot projects, there would be 53 PMUs and 6
PDCs in India.
Architecture after completion of the pilot projects in all the Regions
WAMS implementation in Maharashtra by MSETCL
WIDE AREA MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS (WAMS)To enhance Operation, Monitoring capability and observability of GRID
WAMS SCOPE
1. PMU Locations: 15 (400kV stations and some
220kV stations)
PMUs : 15 Locations
2. GPS Locations :15
3. At SLDC-Kalwa -
PDC at SLDC Kalwa
 Phasor Data Concentrator(PDC),
 Visualisation software,
 Archiving software and Historian server
 Situational Awareness
Situational
Awareness
Commissioned on Aug- 2012, installation of
Situational Awareness is in progress.
23
Challenges in Implementation of WAMS
1.
Scale of Project: implement a full fledged project or first we should go for a
pilot project and then scale it up to a full project.
2. Selection of PMU Locations:
 Reasonably far off nodes to get a wider footprint.
close to large generating complex
 Availability of fast communication from the PMU location.
3. Reliability of synchrophasor data:
Data loss occurs due to communication problem between PMU and control
center.
4. data retrieval from the historian:
Retrieval of data from historian is possible only for duration of 3 minutes. Hence
retrieval of longer duration data is quite time consuming.
5. Analysis of synchrophasor data
Microsoft excel is being used for plotting and analyzing of synchrophasor data.
There is limitation with excel that only 35000 data points can be plotted. Hence
better plotting techniques needs to be explored for plotting of data for larger
duration.
Q.2 Please give your future plans on how would envision the grid
operations with WAMS and necessary regulatory support
requirements.
Ans. Future Plan:
Phase-1: Placement of 1186 nos. PMUs at all lines in HVDC terminal
stations, 400kV & above voltage level S/s, generating station stepped up at
220kV level & above where Fibre Optic(FO) cable along with communication
equipment is either existing or being implemented by 2014-15.
Placement of Nodal PDC (27 nos) at strategic sub-station, Master PDC
(25nos) at SLDCs, Super PDC (5) at RLDCs, 2 No PDC at Main & Backup
NLDC, Remote console at each RPC(5) , UT(3) ,Sikkim , NTMC(2),CEA(1)
& NER States(4) ,Total 16 .
Phase-2: Placement of balance 483 nos. PMUs at all HVDC terminal
stations, 400kV & above voltage level S/s, generating station stepped up at
220kV level & above along with provision of Fibre Optic connectivity and
communication equipments.
FIBRE OPTIC COMMUNICATION NETWORK WITH PMU
LOCATION IN WESTERN REGION –Phase-I ( 83 PMU)
Regulatory Support Requirement
To provide certainty and confidence to utilities, investors and technology
providers for making necessary investment
Regulatory support is required across 3 key dimensions:
Economic
Regulation
Safety and
Standards
Awareness &
Capacity
Building
Optimal tariff design for promoting ICT
applications
Investment approval mechanism for
utilities
Standard for Cyber security
Inter-operability standards
Consumer awareness
Capacity building for utilities, regulators and
technology providers
Tamasoma jyotir gamaya
(From darkness unto light)
Thank You