TOGAF 9 Fundamental Romi Satria Wahono romi@romisatriawahono.net http://romisatriawahono.net 081586220090 Romi Satria Wahono • • • • • • • • SD Sompok Semarang (1987) SMPN 8 Semarang (1990) SMA Taruna Nusantara Magelang (1993) B.Eng, M.Eng and Dr.Eng (on-leave) Department of Computer Science Saitama University, Japan (1994-2004) Research Interests: Software Engineering and Intelligent Systems Founder IlmuKomputer.Com LIPI Researcher (2004-2007) Founder and CEO PT Brainmatics Cipta Informatika 2 Textbooks 3 Course Outline 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Introduction Basic Concepts Core Concepts Key Terminology ADM Introduction UML Introduction TOGAF Case Study 4 PreTest 1. Apa tugas atau pekerjaan utama anda saat ini? 2. Apa itu enterprise architecture dan mengapa kita harus menggunakannya? 3. Apa itu enterprise architecture framework dan mengapa kita harus menggunakannya? 4. Modelkan business process dari requirement di bawah dengan use case diagram dan activity diagram/bpmn! 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Introduction 6 1.1 What and Why Enterprise Architecture 7 What is an Enterprise? • A collection of organizations that share a common set of goals, such as a government agency, part of a corporation, or a corporation in its entirety • Large corporations may comprise multiple enterprises • An “extended enterprise” can include partners, suppliers, and customers 8 What is Architecture? • The organizational structure of a system or component (IEEE Standard 610, Standard Computer Dictionary: A Compilation of IEEE Standard Computer Glossaries) • The fundamental organization of a system embodied in its components, their relationships to each other, and to the environment, and the principles guiding its design and evolution (IEEE Standard 1471, IEEE Recommended Practice for Architectural Description of Software-Intensive Systems) 9 What is Architecture? 1. A formal description of a system, or a detailed plan of the system at a component level to guide its implementation 2. The structure of components, their interrelationships, and the principles and guidelines governing their design and evolution over time 10 What is Enterprise Architecture? The organizing logic for business processes and IT infrastructure reflecting the integration and standardization requirements of the firm’s operating model (MIT Center for Information Systems Research) A conceptual blueprint that defines the structure and operation of an organization. The intent of an enterprise architecture is to determine how an organization can most effectively achieve its current and future objectives (SearchCIO.com) 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Why do I Need an Enterprise Architecture (EA)? 18 Why do I Need an Enterprise Architecture (EA)? 19 Why do I Need an Enterprise Architecture (EA)? 20 Why do I Need an Enterprise Architecture (EA)? 21 Why do I Need an Enterprise Architecture (EA)? 22 Why do I Need an Enterprise Architecture (EA)? 23 Why do I Need an Enterprise Architecture (EA)? 24 Why do I Need an Enterprise Architecture (EA)? 25 Why do I Need an Enterprise Architecture (EA)? 26 Why do I Need an Enterprise Architecture (EA)? 27 Why do I Need an Enterprise Architecture (EA)? 28 Why do I Need an Enterprise Architecture (EA)? 29 Why do I Need an Enterprise Architecture (EA)? The purpose of enterprise architecture is to optimize across the enterprise: Fragmented Legacy of Processes Integrated Environment (that is responsive to change and supportive of the delivery of the business strategy) 30 Why do I Need an Enterprise Architecture (EA)? Ultimately, the benefits of enterprise architecture derive from the better planning, earlier visibility, and more informed designs that result when it is introduced (Read Article: Simon Townson, Why Does Enterprise Architecture Matter?) 31 The Advantages of Good EA Advantages Description A more efficient business operation • • • • • • A more efficient IT operation • Lower software development, support, and maintenance costs • Increased portability of applications • Improved interoperability and easier system and network management • Improved ability to address critical enterprise-wide issues like security • Easier upgrade 32and exchange of system components Lower business operation costs More agile organization Business capabilities shared across the organization Lower change management costs More flexible workforce Improved business productivity The Advantages of Good EA Advantages Description Better return on existing investment, reduced risk for future investment • Reduced complexity in the business and IT • Maximum return on investment in existing business and IT infrastructure • The flexibility to make, buy, or out-source business and IT solutions • Reduced risk overall in new investments and their cost of ownership Faster, simpler, and cheaper procurement • Buying decisions are simpler, because the information governing procurement is readily available in a coherent plan • Maximizing procurement speed and flexibility without sacrificing architectural coherence • The ability to procure heterogeneous, multi-vendor open systems 33 • The ability to secure more economic capabilities Enterprise Architecture Layer Architecture Type Description Business Architecture The business strategy, governance, organization, and key business processes Data Architecture The structure of an organization's logical and physical data assets and data management resources Application Architecture A blueprint for the individual applications to be deployed, their interactions, and their relationships to the core business processes of the organization Technology Architecture The logical software and hardware capabilities that are required to support the deployment of business, data, and application services. This includes IT infrastructure, middleware, networks, communications, processing, and standards 34 35 1.2 What and Why Enterprise Architecture Framework? 36 What is an Architecture Framework? A foundational structure, or set of structures, which can be used for developing a broad range of different architectures: • Describe a method for designing a target state of the enterprise in terms of a set of building blocks, and for showing how the building blocks fit together • Contain a set of tools and provide a common vocabulary • Include a list of recommended standards and compliant products that can be used to implement the building blocks 37 Why do We Need a Framework for Enterprise Architecture? • Using an architecture framework will speed up and simplify architecture development • Ensure more complete coverage of the designed solution • Make certain that the architecture selected allows for future growth in response to the needs of the business 38 1.3 Major Enterprise Architecture Framework 39 History of EA Framework 40 Major EA Framework 1. The Zachman Framework for Enterprise Architectures • Although self-described as a framework, is actually more accurately defined as a taxonomy 2. The Open Group Architectural Framework (TOGAF) • Although called a framework, is actually more accurately defined as a process 3. The Federal Enterprise Architecture(FEA) • Can be viewed as either an implemented enterprise architecture or a proscriptive methodology for creating an enterprise architecture 4. The Gartner Methodology • Can be best described as an enterprise architectural practice 41 Zachman Framework 42 TOGAF 43 FEA 44 1.4 EA Comparison Read Article: Sessions - A Comparison of the Top Four EA Methodologies - 2007 45 Comparison Parameters 1. Taxonomy completeness: how well you can use the methodology to classify the various architectural artifacts (Zachman) 2. Process completeness: how fully the methodology guides you through a step-by-step process for creating an enterprise architecture (TOGAF) 3. Reference-model guidance: how useful the methodology is in helping you build a relevant set of reference models (FEA) 4. Practice guidance: how much the methodology helps you assimilate the mindset of enterprise architecture into your organization (Gartner) 5. Maturity model: how much guidance the methodology gives you in assessing the effectiveness and maturity of different organizations within your enterprise in using enterprise architecture 6. Business focus: whether the methodology will focus on using technology to drive business value, in which business value is specifically defined as either reduced expenses and/or increased income 46 Comparison Parameters 7. Governance guidance: how much help the methodology will be in understanding and creating an effective governance model for enterprise architecture 8. Partitioning guidance: how well the methodology will guide you into effective autonomous partitions of the enterprise, which is an important approach to managing complexity 9. Prescriptive catalog: how well the methodology guides you in setting up a catalogue of architectural assets that can be reused in future activities 10. Vendor neutrality: how likely you are to get locked-in to a specific consulting organization by adopting this methodology. A high rating here indicates low vendor lock-in 11. Information availability: the amount and quality of free or inexpensive information about this methodology 12. Time to value: the length of time you will likely be using this methodology before you start using it to build solutions that deliver high business value 47 EA Comparison (Roger Sessions, A Comparison of the Top Four EA Methodologies, 2007) 48 Hybrid Enterprise Architecture 49 1.5 Enterprise Architecture Tools Read Article: Short - Gartner Assessment EA Tool - 2011 50 EA Tools • • • • • • • • • • • • planningIT (alphabet.com) SAMU (altollgroup.eu) Abacus (avolution.com.au) Architect (bizzdesign.com) Corporate Modeler (casewise.com) Envision VIP (future-tech.com) Rational System Architect (ibm.com) Mega Suite (mega.com) ProVision (metastorm.com) MooD (tsorg.com) ARIS (softwareag.com) Enterprise Architect (sparxsystems.com) 51 Comparison Parameters 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Repository or Metamodel Modeling Decision Analysis Presentation Administration Configurability Frameworks and Standards Usability (Julie Short and Chriss Wilson, Gartner Assessment of EA Tool Capabilities, Gartner Research, 2011) 52 planningIT (alphabet.com) 53 SAMU (altollgroup.eu) 54 Abacus (avolution.com.au) 55 Architect (bizzdesign.com) 56 Corporate Modeler (casewise.com) 57 Envision VIP (future-tech.com) 58 Rational System Architect (ibm.com) 59 Mega Suite (mega.com) 60 ProVision (metastorm.com) 61 MooD (tsorg.com) 62 ARIS (softwareag.com) 63 Enterprise Architect (sparxsystems.com) 64 1.6 Enterprise Architecture Competency 65 Key Competencies to Create an Enterprise Architecture 1. Enterprise Architecture Framework 2. Enterprise Architecture Tools 3. Business Strategy and Organization Analysis Business Model Canvas 4. Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) 5. Data Modeling 6. Unified Modeling Language (UML) 7. Infrastructure and Network Design 66 67 Business Model Canvas PT Brainmatics Cipta Informatika Key Activities Key Partners Software Development Pearson Vue Kryterion Online Prometrics Training Center Certification Examination Brand IlmuKomputer.Com International Authorized Training and Testing Center Pengembangan Software dengan Metodologi Standard Internasional Peserta Ujian Sertifikasi Lembaga Pendidikan Telepon Brainmatics.Com Lembaga Pemerintahan Instant Messaging (YM, WA, Line, BBM) Social Media (Kaskus, Facebook, Twitter) Biaya Operasional Penjualan Jasa Training Gaji Pegawai Mahasiswa Revenue Streams Cost Structure Honor Pengajar Staff IT Channels Email Online Market Food Court Offline: Kegiatan Workshop dan Training Online: Social Media Participation, Situs Brainmatics.Com Kurikulum Brand Romi Satria Wahono Customer Segments Dosen Ruang Kelas Nyaman dan Posisi di Tengah Kota Jakarta Pegawai Penerbit dan Distributor Buku Kurikulum Internasional dan Customizable dengan Kebutuhan Pengajar dengan Kompetensi Terpadu Akademisi dan Industri Key Resources Percetakan Customer Relationships Value Propositions Biaya Infrastruktur Biaya Marketing Penjualan Produk Software Perusahaan Swasta UML Use-Case Diagram Statechart Diagram Class Diagram add file DocumentList Use Case 1 FileMgr Actor A Actor B Document add( ) delete( ) fetchDoc( ) sortByName( ) name : int docid : int numField : int get( ) open( ) close( ) read( ) sortFileList( ) create( ) fillDocument( ) Use Case 2 FileList fList add( ) delete( ) Writing add file [ numberOffile==MAX ] / flag OFF read() fill the code.. Openning close file 1 Use Case 3 close file Reading Closing rep Repository (from Persistence) File read( ) GrpFile name : char * = 0 readDoc( ) readFile( ) Collaboration Diagram read( ) open( ) create( ) fillFile( ) 9: sortByName ( ) Repository mainWnd : MainWnd 1: Doc view request ( ) DocumentList Deployment Diagram Windows95 Window95 FileManager Windows95 L 2: fetchDoc( ) Document gFile : GrpFile 4: create ( ) ¹®¼°ü¸® Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®.EXE ¹®¼°ü¸® ¾ÖÇø´ Windows NT 8: fillFile ( ) user : Clerk Solaris fileMgr : FileMgr ¹®¼°ü¸® ¿£Áø.EXE GraphicFile 3: create ( ) Alpha UNIX ÀÀ¿ë¼¹ö.EXE 6: fillDocument ( ) File FileList Windows NT IBM Mainframe 7: readFile ( ) 5: readDoc ( ) document : Document repository : Repository µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º¼¹ö mainWnd fileMgr : FileMgr user ƯÁ¤¹®¼¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸±â¸¦ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¿äûÇÑ´Ù. document : Document 1: Doc view request ( ) 2: fetchDoc( ) gFile repository Component Diagram Target System 3: create ( ) 4: create ( ) 5: readDoc ( ) ÈÀÏ°ü¸®ÀÚ´Â Àоî¿Â ¹®¼ÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ ÇØ´ç ¹®¼ °´Ã¼¿¡ ¼³Á¤À» ¿äûÇÑ´Ù. 6: fillDocument ( ) 7: readFile ( ) 8: fillFile ( ) È¸é °´Ã¼´Â ÀоîµéÀÎ °´Ã¼µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ À̸§º°·Î Á¤·ÄÀ» ½ÃÄÑ È¸é¿¡ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. Forward and Reverse Engineering 9: sortByName ( ) Sequence Diagram 69 BPMN 70 Data Modeling 71 Test Yourself Questions Which one of the following best describes why you need a framework for enterprise architecture? A. Architecture design is complex B. Using a framework can speed up the process C. Using a framework ensures more complete coverage D. A framework provides a set of tools and a common vocabulary E. All of these 72 Test Yourself Questions Which of the following are the architecture domains that are commonly accepted subsets of an overall enterprise architecture? A. B. C. D. Application, Business, Data, Technology Capability, Segment, Strategic Context, Definition, Governance, Transformation Definition, Realization, Transition, Vision 73 Test Yourself Questions Which one of the following best describes an enterprise architecture? A. An architecture of a commercial organization B. An architecture that consists of more than one subsidiary company C. An architecture that crosses multiple systems, and multiple functional groups within the enterprise D. The highest level of architecture that can be achieved in a given organization 74 References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Rachel Harrison, Study Guide TOGAF® 9 Foundation 2nd Edition, The Open Group, 2011 Rachel Harrison, Study Guide TOGAF® 9 Certified 2nd Edition, The Open Group, 2011 Open Group Standard, TOGAF® Version 9.1 (G116), The Open Group, 2011 Open Group Standard, TOGAF® Version 9.1 – A Pocket Guide (G117), The Open Group, 2011 Daniel Minoli, Enterprise Architecture A to Z: Frameworks, Business Process Modeling, SOA, and Infrastructure Technology, Taylor & Francis, 2008 Jon Holt and Simon Perry, Modelling Enterprise Architectures, The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2010 Alan Dennis et al, Systems Analysis and Design with UML 4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2013 75