Pipelines – Bridging the Gap
S.K. SATIJA
General Manager
Indian Oil Corporation Limited
STRUCTURE OF PRESENTATION

Historical Perspective – Oil Pipelines

Pipeline Infrastructure in India

Technological Developments

Modewise Transportation of Petroleum Products

New Pipelines – bridging Gap

Present Industry Scenario- Critical Aspects
History of Oil Pipelines
First trunk pipeline dates back to
1870s
Long distance pipeline transportation
got a boost during World War-II
when coastal tanker traffic was
disrupted in U.S
History of Oil Pipelines
Discoveries of giant oil fields in remote
parts of the world led to development
of correspondingly large crude oil
pipeline networks
Pipeline industry has grown in parallel
with the development of world oil
industry over the last one century
Growth of Pipelines in India
 First crude oil pipeline in India laid from Digboi oil fields
to Digboi refinery before independence
 During 1960-63, Oil India Limited laid 1156 km long
first trunk crude oil pipeline, from Naharkatiya and
Moran oil fields to the refineries at Guwahati and
Barauni
 IndianOil laid its first cross country product pipeline
during 1962-64 to transport products from Guwahati
refinery to Siliguri
Growth of Pipelines in India
 Government & Industry started realizing unique advantages
of oil transportation through pipelines
 Subsequently, a number of product and crude oil pipelines
were laid in the 60’s, 70’s and 80’s, including sub-sea crude
oil pipelines
 This led to development of this industry, especially during
last two decades
Growth of Pipelines in India
The pipelines laid during the 60’s were designed, engineered
constructed by foreign companies. However, the exposure to
technology enabled Indian engineers to gain confidence, and
pipelines which came up later, were designed and constructed
indigenous expertise
and
this
the
with
India today has over 22500 km of major crude oil and product
pipelines out of which IOCL owns & operates more than 11,000 km of
Pipelines
Drivers for Growth of Pipelines in India
 Low consumption of petro products in the initial years post
independence due to subdued economic growth
 Early refineries in India installed at coastal locations requiring
only coastal movement of crude oil
 Refining capacities being low, products were either consumed
locally or transported to the consumption centres by rail or road
Drivers for Growth of Pipelines in India
 Traditionally rail network has been quite widespread in India.
Pipelines relatively came into focus quite late
 After 1960, most of the refineries came up at land-locked
locations necessitating laying of crude and product pipelines.
Typical Advantages of Pipelines
Lower cost of
transportation
about 30-50%
of the railway
freight and 4
to 5 times
cheaper than
road
transportation
Lower
transit
losses
PL- 0.05%
Max.,
Railway0.25%, Road0.5%
Energy
efficient
Railway mode
consumes 34 times and
road mode
about 20
times more
energy than
Pipeline mode
Safety and
Reliability
minimum
disruptions
Environment
friendly
3-4 times
lesser
Carbon
emissions
than Railway
mode
Existing Liquid Pipelines : Industry
As on 1.12.2012
IOCL
BPCL#
HPCL##
GAIL
OIL
ONGC
###
Cairn
Total
Industry
Length (Kms.)
Product
6632
1939
2776
1691
654
-
-
13692
Crude Oil
4376
935
1017
-
1193
676
667
8864
Total
11008
2874
3793
1691
1847.3
676
667
22556
Capacity (MMTPA)
Product
36.86
10.35
22.27
3.6
1.70
-
-
74.78
Crude Oil
40.40
6.0
9.0
-
8.40
43.84
7.5
115.1
Total
77.26
16.35
31.27
3.6
10.1
43.84
7.5
189.88
#Includes
Petronet Cochin-Coimbatore-Karur Product pipeline
Petronet Mangalore-Hassan-Bangalore Product Pipeline
### Source: PPAC
##Includes
IOCL’s Existing
Pipeline Network
Jalandhar
Bhatinda
Sangrur
Panipat
Ambala
Roorkee
Najibabad
Meerut
Delhi
Rewari
Mathura
Sanganer
Tundla
Ajmer
Chaksu Bharatpur
Lucknow
Jodhpur
Barauni
Kanpur
Kot
Chittaurgarh
Sidhpur
Ahmedabad
Mundra
Kandla
Vadinar Dahe
j
Navagam
Tinsukia
Bongaigaon
Siliguri
Guwahati
Digboi
Rajbandh
Mourigram
Koyali Ratlam
Haldia
Hazira
Paradip
as on 1.12.2012
Pipeline
Product
Crude
Total
Gas
Length
(km)
6632
4376
11008
132
Capacity
(MMTPA)
36.86
40.40
77.26
9.5
MMSCMD
Chennai
Bangalore
Bangalore AFS
Sankari
Chennai AFS
Asanur
CBR
Trichy
Madurai
LEGEND
Product
Crude Oil
Gas
Refinery
12
Oil Pipelines
Industry Scene
Jalandhar
Ambala
Roorkee
Sangrur
Najibabad
Panipat
Meerut
Nahorkatiya Tinsukia
Delhi
Rewari
Loni
Sanganer
MathuraShahjahanpurSiliguriBongaigaon
Digboi
Ajmer
Jodhpur
Numaligarh
Chaksu Tundla/B’Pur
Lucknow
Kanpur
Guwahati
Jagdishpur
Kot
Chittaurgarh
Barauni
Sidhpur Ahmedabad
Rajbandh
Kandla
Ratlam
Navagam
Budge
Mundra
Jamnagar
Maurigram Budge
Koyali
Indore
Vadinar
Dahej Ankleshwar
Haldia
Bhatinda
Hazira
Mumbai
High
Uran
Manmad
Mumbai
Pune Secunderabad
Paradip
Vizag
HazarwadiPakni
Vijayawada
Mangalore
Bangalore
Chennai
Sankari Asanur
Karur
Coimbatore
Trichy
Kochi
Madurai
IOC’s Pipelines (Existing)
Product
Crude Oil
Other Companies’ Pipelines(Existing)
Product
Crude Oil
LPG
Technological Developments
 Improvement in Piping Specifications - API 5L- X70 grades
pipelines allows reduction in thickness of pipeline/ number of
pump stations
 Intelligent Pigging - To ascertain integrity of pipeline without
disrupting operations
 Horizontal Directional Drilling – Easy to cross major rivers;
Crossing
highways,
Railways
etc.
without
causing
traffic
obstructions
 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System - SCADA
applications allows better control and operation of pipeline
system with less human intervention requirements
 Leak Detection System
Modewise Transportation-Tonne-Km Basis
India
Coastal
22%
USA
Pipeline
48%
Coastal
22%
Rail Road
3% 4%
Road
15%
Rail
15%
(Source: PPAC 2010-11)
Pipeline
71%
(Source : Association of Oil Pipelines, USA)
IOC - Projects under Implementation
S. No.
Projects’ Description
Length (km)
Cap.
(MMTPA)
Cost
(Rs. Cr.)
1.
Hook-up of Tikrikalan Terminal with
MJPL
8
3.0
59
2.
Addl. Tanks & blending facility at Vadinar
-
-
267
3.
Integrated Crude Handling Facilities at
Paradip
70
-
1492
4.
Paradip- Raipur-Ranchi Pipeline
1065
5.0
1793
5.
Kolkata ATF Pipeline
28
0.13
45
6.
Guwahati ATF Pipeline
35
0.07
44
7.
Debottlenecking of SMPL
767
21 to 25
1584
8.
Cauvery Basin Refinery-Trichy Pipeline
114
0.4
98
9.
Paradip-Haldia-Durgapur LPG PIpeline
710
0.5/0.85
913
10.
Aug. of Paradip-Haldia-Barauni Pipeline
64
11.0 to 15.2
586
11.
Hook up of Jasidih ToP with HBPL
-
-
14.2
12.
Aug of Panipat-Rewari Pipeline
-
1.5 to 2.1
5.94
13.
Branch Pipeline to Motihari and Baitalpur
275
1.5
276
Total
3136
19.75
7177.14
Product Pipelines – Bridging the Gap
S.
No.
Pipeline Name
Oil
Company
Length
(km)
Capacity
(MMTPA)
Capex
(Rs. Cr.)
1.
Hook-up of Tikrikalan terminal
with Mathura - Jalandar PL
IOC
8
3.0
59
2.
Branch PL from Viramgam to
Kandla off Koyali-Sanganer PL
IOC
231
0.5
349
3.
Augmentation of
Trichy-Madurai PL
Chennai-
IOC
-
0.5
46
4.
Paradip - Vizag-RajamundaryVijaiwada-Cherllapally PL
IOC
1200
3.7
2000
5.
Koyali-Akolner PL
IOC
600
2.5
660
6.
Branch pipeline to RaxualBaitalpur (ex-Patna on Barauni
Kanpur PL)
IOC
275
1.2
305
7.
Aonla-Banthra extension
Mathura - Tundla PL
of
IOC
500
1.0
200
8
Paradip - Sambalpur – Raipur Ranchi PL
IOC
1068
5.0
1793
Product Pipelines – Bridging the Gap
S.
No.
Pipeline Name
Oil
Company
Length
(km)
Capacity
(MMMTPA)
Capex
(Rs. Cr.)
9
Branch line to Una on PanipatAmbala-Jalandar PL
IOC
70
0.7
101
10
Cauvery
Basin
Refinery/
Narimanam-Trichy PL
IOC
114
0.4
98
11
Bina-Kota PL
BPC
258
2.8
1398
12
Kota-Jobner PL
BPC
210
1.7
-
13.
Kota-Piyala PL(Augmentation)
BPC
200
1.0
200
14.
Ramanmandi-Bahadurgarh PL
HPC
270
4.7
400
15.
Ramanmandi-Bhatinda PL
HPC
30
1.4
61
16.
Bahadurgarh-Tikri Kalan PL
HPC
13
1.1
60
17.
Rewari-Kanpur PL
HPC
450
3.0
1100
18.
Awa-Salawas PL
HPC
100
0.8
200
5597
34.9
9030
Total
Present Industry Scenario: Critical Aspects
 National Oil Companies facing acute fiscal challenges due to
prevailing norms on product pricing and fund crunch for their
expansion
 Statutory Clearances have become more complex; Projects are
getting delayed on this account
 Land Acquisition Problems
20