P.K. Kurian
Consultant, WB

Water scarcity – quality and quantity
Should we wait till 2025 to experience this scenario?

Global Population touched 700 crores in 2012, taking 208 years to achieve 7 B from 1 B. But we still have the same quantity of water we had 208 years ago.
1804 1927 1960 1975 1988 1999 2012 2027 2044

Academic
Research / Teaching
Heuristic
Gather Information
Analytical
Hermeneutic
Interpretative
Theory
Extensionist
Experimental
Preparatory
Implementational
Adjustmental
RWH
Hospitalized treatment
Transforming
Own Perennial water source
State of Being Healthy with no diseases

A conceptual understanding of RWSSP-LIS as an Input and Output Process at the GP Level
1 Elements outside the system that have the potential to affect all or part of the system
WB
GoI
State
Govts
Society
Polity
Market
SWSM/
SPMU
Media
Other PRIs/
GPs
GP SO
Feedback
2. Inputs.
Resources are taken or received from the external environment
Funds, HR, Information,
Technology and Demand
Articulations
3
GP
WSC
Rules
WSS
Asset s
Skills
Institutional
Arrangements
Leadership
Water supply services
3 WSS- Output
The work of the system exported back into the environment
Feedback
The processes of conversion or transformation of resources with in a system
A continuing source of information concerning the relationship with the external environment used to make the necessary changes inorder to survive and grow into sustainability

Ground Water
Recharge
Drinking Water Supply
70 LPCD
Construction of
Sanitary Latrines
Contingency
Emergency
Response
IEC
To enhance health, empowerment of communities and development
Capacity Building
Solid & Liquid
Waste
Management
Project
Management

Capacity Building
A1- Capacity Building - MoDWS
A2- Capacity Building - State RWSS Sector Institutions &PRIs
A3- Information, Education and Communications (IEC)
A4- Sector Development Studies
A5- Good Practice Awards
A6- Monitoring, Evaluation, Governance & Accountability.
Infrastructure
Development
Project
Management
Contingency
Emergency
Response
B1: New Investments.
B2: Rehabilitation /Augmentation of Schemes.
B3: Catchment Area Program.
B4: Water Quality Management.
B5: Household, Institutional and Envtal Sanitation.
B6: Infrastructure Support.
C1: Staffing and Consultancy Costs.
C2: Equipment and Miscellaneous costs.
?

Primary/
Community
Intermediary/
SO/ GP/WSC/
MVWSC
Secondary / Strategic
SPMU/ DPMU
Partnership
People change: knowledge, attitude, skills, behavior in relation to water governance & management
Intermediary agents – SO & GPs change their roles, becoming facilitation agents of change than providers.
The Strategic link between the policy makers and Primary and Intermediary levels -devise ways and means to plan and strategize changes relating to processes, interactive communication and building management systems.
Tertiary
Apex/ Policy
GOI/States
Structural and thought process change at the apex /policy making level -to emerge on a sustainable, continuous and permanent level- “Not spasmodic development fits”

• Community participation CAPEX contribution/ Opex contribution/ Demand articulation
• Demand responsiveness- Project responds to community demand
• District-wide approach- Irrespective of the source of funding same fundamental principles will be followed in a district
• Water security for all-in terms of quantity, quality and service level.
• Convergence of water and sanitation measurescon-jointed approach.

Institutional Arrangements For RWSSP-LIS
National MoDWS /PSC/ NPMU/ TAG
Policy guidance / Monitoring Capacity building/
Fin assistance
State
DWSD/PHED/UP JN
Planning, appraisal & approval of MVS /Tech support to
SHS/ SGS / Env. San
SWSM-Framing Sector policy guidelines, Issuing GOs and directions / Overall Sector Monitoring /Sanctioning
SWSM/ SPMU/ WSSO
District DWSM/ DWSC
DPMU/DPMC reform principles / Overseeing technical, financial and social audits / M&E, Capacity Building, Training, other Support
Activities
DWSM-Implementation of dist. Program, Select SOs
AS/TS of all SVS / Small MVS schemes/ Sanitation
Capacity building and IEC with support from WSSO
PHED/DWSC/ UPJN Engineers
Support, Design, Implementation & Monitoring of RWSS Schemes
Village
GP
ZP/ MVWSC
GPWSC/ VWSC
DPMC/SO
GP/ GPWSC - Design & Implementation of
SHS/ SGS / O&M of SHS/ SGS and intravillage MVS/ Guidance to GPWSC/Tariff design and collection / IEC on sanitation/ hygiene
SO: Community Mobilization; IEC;
Support design, & implementation of SVS
/ intra village schemes

MoDWS
• Policy guidance
• Monitoring Project
• Capacity building
• Financial assistance
Project Steering
Committee
National Project
Management Unit
NPMU
Technical
Advisory Group-
TAG
• Secretary, MoDWS,
• Principal Secretaries of States -4
• JS-Sanitation
• JS -Water MS
• Approve AAP- States
Experts/ Specialists
• Technical,
• Institutional & Social,
• Environmental,
• Financial,
• Procurement
• M&E
Policy guidance to states.
• Independent review of Project design implementation
• Guiding RWSSP-LIS states
• Developing capacity building
• Institutional strengthening programs

SLSSC/EC
RD
PRD
DoDW/S
PHED
• Policy guidance
• Monitoring Project
• Capacity building
• Financial assistance
CCDU
SWSM
WSSO
State Project
Management Unit
SPMU
Experts/ Specialists
• Technical,
• Institutional & Social,
• Environmental,
• Financial,
• Procurement
• M&E
Strategic Project Management
Public Water
Utilities
• Collaboration with
WB supported
RWSSP
• Technical Support/
Guidance/
Leadership
EB/
PWD/
Telecom
• Other Public
Utilities having a close and direct bearing on Rural Water
Supply Projects

Specialists
Institutional
State Project Management Unit
Roles and Broad Tasks
1.
Policies/ Sector Development
2.
Operations of the Project.
3.
Establish DPMUs with functions/ Functionaries and Funds
4.
Inter-departmental coordination
5.
Government Orders/ Notifications for the Project
6.
Work with procurement in hiring SOs and DPMCs/
Capacity Building Social
& IEC
1.
Orientation on Roles/ Project as a whole for SPMU/DPMU
2.
Identify Social and Technical TOT Institutions
3.
Prepare Training Modules
4.
Exposure Visits
5.
IEC Plan- What about a Sujal Road Show in the Batch –I GPs/ Rock the GPs
Environmental
Financial
Procurement
Monitoring
1.
Pilot studies- All- GP Water Security Plan/ Environmental Assessment
2.
Vetting of Environmental Plans
1.
Financial Expenditure
2.
Financial Flow Systems/ Accounting procedures/ Trg modules in finance & accounting
1.
Hire SOs/ DPMCs
2.
Procurement Plan for 2 years
3.
Get Trained in Procurement Guidelines
4.
Visualize what procurement methods are going to be used in the Project
1.
Finalize Baselines
2.
Develop into Hindi/Assamese
3.
Get provisional arrangements for entering baseline data (Excel)
4.
Develop formats for reporting – GP To DPMU to SPMU to NPMU/WB for Pre-planning/ Planning/
Implementation and O&M
Technical
All
1.
Build bridges with JN/PHED/DDWS
2.
SVS-SHS/MVS-DPRs
1.
Pilot a few villages- Direct intervention/ Planning for learning.

DWSM ZP/ DC
DWSC
District Project
Management
Consultant-
DPMC
Support
Organizations
District Project
Management Unit
DPMU
Experts/ Specialists
• Technical,
• Institutional & Social,
• Environmental,
• Financial,
• Procurement
• M&E
• Strategic Project
Management
Public Water
Utilities
• Collaboration with
WB supported
RWSSP
• Technical Support/
Guidance/
Leadership
EB/ PWD/
Telecom
• Other Public
Utilities having a close and direct bearing on Rural
Water Supply
Projects

Zilla Parishad
Support
Organizations
Gram Panchayat
Gram Sabha
HH HH
Institutions
HH
MVWSC
GPWSC

F

My Professional / Technocrat Heroes/ Get Inspired
• V. Kurian MILK
• E. Sreedharan METRO
• Sam Pithroda TELECOM
• JRD TATA Business
• AKITO Morito SONY
• Narayana Murthy IT/Solutions
• APJ Abdul Kalam Missiles/Rockets
• T.K. Jose
• V. J. Kurian
Kudumbasree –Largest PAP
Cochin Air Port- PPP

CONCEPTUAL
TOP MGMT
MIDDLE MGMT
SUPERVISION
IDEAS PEOPLE
HUMAN TECHNICAL
Materials/Things

• Demand Driven Project/
• Should water be priced – Should you have right to water or should you have access to water?
• Water -Sanitation and Health
• Community Mobilisation and Management
• Participation
• Decentralization and development

Human Skills-Dealing with people
GPM/ GPS/ GPP/ GPWSC/ MVWSC/ DPMU/ SPMU
Communication with People/Listening
Public Speaking
Behavioural competency / Personal conduct
Morals/ Beliefs /Values
Attitude & Willingness
Self Confidence
Learning individual

•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Contd


Praise the Team / Reward the Team
Rebuke / Correct in person (
Akito Morito- If it is good, tell others, If it is bad, tell me only)
 Use Plural Pronouns


I decided
I can do this
We decided
We can do this
 I will think over We shall discuss & decide
 Enable Failures- It is not a crime to fail. How do we treat a failureuse failure as a learning opportunity
 Allow the group to take decisions
 Team Leader/ Manager is best when he is a facilitator of decisions
 Delegate authority to others
 Triangulate – cross check- people/ places/ events/ process

• Water Literacy/ Hydrological Cycle
• Watershed / water – land- biomass relationship
• Water Quality and Health
• Water Resources Inventory
• water- quality- quantity- Rainfall- climate in your area.
• Plan Project against need and resource availability
• AS-TS Process
• Implementation – Allocation of resources, men and materials,
Time aspects of implementation, Action plan
• Project closure- Engineering valuation
• GWR structures suitable to your area/ Convergence
• Environmental sanitation

Water SS
Source development
Supply line installation
Construction of pump house
Construction of OHT
Energisation
Pump Selection/
Installation
Testing and commissioning
Handholding
Sanitation
Sanitation CAP and
Mapping of Sanitation hot spots
Problems and hotspots identified
Community and Domestic sanitation needs
Technical solutions drafted
GP level vetting workshop
Institutional formation and linkage
GWR GPS/
Training/ IEC
Convergence Plan with MGNREGS
Participatory Transect / identification of needs works/
Interventions
Preparation of Technical Plan
Categorise unskilled work/ skilled work/ machine work/ materials
Budget
– NREGS and Jalanidhi
Design of intervention
CAP
Convergence meetings
Community contracting/ Campaigns
Implementation of GWR measures

Major activity
Sub activity
Start date
End date
Purpose of Activity
Major activity
Sub
Activity
Responsibility
Inputs &Resources required
Risks anticipated
Start date
End date
Purpose of activity
Results expected
Responsi bility
Risk mitigation
Inputs and resources required
Risks anticip ated
Measures to overcome risks

Styles of Management- PMS-3
Country Club Management
Low concern for production & high concern for people . Care and concern for the people, with a comfortable and friendly environment and collegial style.
But a low focus on task may give questionable results.
Team Management
High concern for people and production . Firing on all cylinders: people are committed to task and leader is committed to people (as well as task).
Middle of the road
Management
A weak balance of focus on both people and the work.
Doing enough to get things done, but not pushing the boundaries of what may be possible.
Impoverished Management
Low concern for people & productionstay out of trouble.
Minimum effort to get work done. Basically lazy approach that avoids as much work as possible
Authority- Compliance
Produce or perish . High concern for production and low concern for people .
Strong focus on task, but with little concern for people. Focus on efficiency, including the elimination of people wherever possible
Concern for Production

Conflict Resolution- PMS-4
HIGH
LOW
Compete
Win/Lose
Go all out to win and concern for objectives only
Collaborate
Win/ Win
Work towards mutual problem solving- recognize goals of both parties
Avoid
Lose/ Lose
Deny / Suppress or Put aside the problems/ Push under the carpet.
Compromise
Settle for Half the Loaf
TRUST
Accommodate
Lose / Win
Yield or subordinate one’s own concern to those of the other party
HIG
H