Grid-connected
SPV Rooftop systems
Government of India
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
MNRE
Grid-connected SPV Rooftop systems
MNRE
Concept…
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These are SPV systems installed on rooftops
of residential, commercial or industrial
premises.
Electricity generated could be…
-fed into the grid at regulated feed-in tariffs or
-used for self consumption with net-metering
approach
Grid-connected SPV Rooftop systems MNRE
Concept…
Grid-connected SPV Rooftop systems
MNRE
Advantages …..
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Savings in transmission and distribution losses
Low gestation time
No requirement of additional land
Improvement of tail-end grid voltages and
reduction in system congestion with higher
self-consumption of solar electricity
Local employment generation
Grid-connected SPV Rooftop systems MNRE
Advantages …..
Grid-connected SPV Rooftop systems
World-wide Experience …..
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MNRE
Germany, USA and Japan are leaders in adopting gridconnected SPV Rooftop systems.
Germany has highest PV installed capacity of 32.8 GW
of which 70% is in rooftop segment (as on 31.12.2012).
Italy has 12.7 GW PV installation with over 60% rooftop
systems
In Europe of total 50.6 GW PV installation, over 50% in
in rooftop segment.
FIT is norm in Europe while net-metering is popular in
USA.
Grid-connected SPV Rooftop systems MNRE
World-wide Experience ….. Germany
<1%
Building integrated
PV market segments in Germany
MNRE
Image: Grammer
Image : Schüco
Private buildings:
1-10 kWp
Social, commercial,
agricultural buidlings:
10-100 kWp
10%
Ground-mounted
Image : Solarwatt
28%
Large commercial
buildings:
> 100 kWp
38%
23%
Rooftop
71%
Image: Sharp
Image : Geosol
Image : Solarwatt
Image:
Geosol
Image : BP
Market share in %
of MW installed in
2011
Source: BSW-Solar, E.Quadrat GmbH
Germany …1000 Roofs Programme
1991-1995
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MNRE
Only German producers (local contentCapital Grant
of 70% of investment provided(50% by the federation
and 20% by Federal States)
Grid connected PV installation with 1-5 kWp rooftops
of single and two family houses were eligible
Every installation had to install 3 meters:
- Generation meter, metering at production
- Feed-in-Meter, metering at fed electricity
- Import Meter, metering the purchased electricity
Obligation for installation operators to record
over 5 years monthly meter results
Germany …100,000 Roofs Programme 1999-2003
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MNRE
Loan Programme through KfW
300 MW of newly installed capacity from PV
Loans at reduced rate of interest (soft loan)
Interest rate of 1.91%
Installations of min. 1kWp of individuals,
Freelansers or SMEs
PV rooftop Germany 2012
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PV capacity (cumulative) until August 2012: 30,050 MWp
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Number of grid connected PV systems until August 2012:
1,223,000
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Share of national gross electricity consumption: 10%
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Share of rooftop systems: 71%
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CO2 savings in 2011: 12.8 million t
Source: BSW (German solar industry association) / official register of Bundesnetzagentur
MNRE
TOP 3 PV success factors in GermanyMNRE
1.
EEG – Feed-in law (20 year state guaranteed FIT , RE feed-in priority,
one simple national binding scheme)
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2.
Attractive business case for all kind of investors from
house owner to international investment trusts created
Long term & stable legal framework
 Non-recourse project financing enabled
3.
Quality standards (establishment of high technical standards &
development of qualified technical resources e.g. EPCs / integrators)
 Secure long term yields and system security
Grid-connected SPV Rooftop systems
World-wide Experience ….. USA
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Net metering is popular in 43 States but specific
rules defer from States to States.
Energy Policy Act 2005 mandates all public
electricity utilities to make net metering options
available to all customers.
California had maximum installed onsite
customer generated solar capacity of 991 MWp
with 1,01,284 net metering consumers from
115000 sites.
MNRE
Net Metering mechanism
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MNRE
The Net Metering mechanism shall allow the consumer to
reduce its electricity import
The utility benefits by avoiding purchase of electricity from
short term market
Electricity generation at load center also minimises the
loss of electricity in wires
Capacity for development under Net Metering Mechanism
may be allowed in phases to take care of the following
aspects.
• Equivalent to suitable percentage the utility propose
under the intra state network losses or
• Capacity projected for purchase of Short Term market
• Financial viability
Business Models for Net Metering – 1
MNRE
Consumer end model
Consumers are owners of the
facility
C1
Challenges:
C2
Limited know-how of installing and
operating
Limited know-how for requirements of
approvals and clearances
Administration cost of utility may increase
Utility needs to interact with consumers,
energy accounting on individual basis
DISCOM
C3
Cn
Business Models for Net Metering – 2
 Capacities may be bundled by a
facilitator/ representative who
undertakes necessary formalities and
may avail subsidy for consumers
 Administration cost of utility less
compared to earlier model
 Utility needs to interact with
facilitator/ representative of
consumers/owners
Representative
Consumer end Community based model
MNRE
C1
C2
DISCOM
C3
 Energy accounting at community level
 Sharing of benefits among consumers
may take place on the basis of their
contribution
Cn
Business Models for Net Metering – 3
RESCO/3rd party model based on FIT
 RESCO/3rd party shall supply
electricity to the DISCOM at
determined FIT
DISCOM
MNRE
 DISCOM may also call for competitive
bidding for selection of RESCO/3rd
Party
C1
 RESCO makes investments for
installing facilities at consumers’ roof
C2
 Consumers get suitable rent for
lending their roofs
3rd Party
C3
 3rd Party gets subsidy from the MNRE
 Energy accounting takes place at
consumer end
 Utility purchases solar electricity for
meeting RPO
Cn
Emerging Market Models for Net Metering – 4
3rd Party model based on consumer tariff bidding
 Selection of RESCO/3rd Party at
DISCOM
upper cap estimated by DISCOM
 Consumer gets net energy metered at
its premise
 Consumers get suitable rent for
using their roofs which shall reflect
3rd
in their electricity bills
Party
 3rd Party gets subsidy from MNRE
MNRE
C1
C2
C3
 Streams of revenue include,
 Sale of electricity to DISCOM
 Sale of RECs
 Tax Benefit, Accel. Depreciation
benefit etc.
Cn
Consumer tariff assumed
to be increasing
Grid-connected SPV Rooftop systems
Indian Experience: Initiatives by West Bengal
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Grid connected rooftop is allowed only for
institutional consumers with 2-100 kW size
Connectivity is allowed at low or medium
voltage(6 kV or 11 kV) of distribution system
Solar injection is permitted only upto 90% of
annual electricity consumption.
Net energy supplied by the utility to be billed as
per existing slab tariffs.
Solar generation to offset consumption in the
highest tariff slab and then the lower slab.
MNRE
Grid-connected SPV Rooftop systems
Indian Experience: Initiatives by West Bengal
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MNRE
As per recent policy All existing and upcoming
commercial and business establishments having
more than 1.5 MW contract demand to install
SPV rooftop systems to meet at least 2% of their
total electrical load
All existing and upcoming schools and colleges,
hospitals, large housing societies, and and Govt.
establishments having more than 0.5 MW
contract demand to install SPV rooftop systems
to meet at least 1.5% of their total electrical load.
Policy targets 16 MW of rooftop and small PV
installations by 2017.
Grid-connected SPV Rooftop systems
Indian Experience: Initiatives by Gujarat
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MNRE
Gandhinagar city initiated a 5 MW(4 MW in Govt.
buildings and 1 MW in private homes) rooftop PV
programme based on FIT/sale to utility.
Two project developers for 2.5 MW each selected
through reverse bidding with GERC cap of rs.
12.44/kwh.
Torrent Power will buy from Azur @ Rs. 11.21/kWh for
25 years and Azure will pass on Rs. 3.0/kWh to
rooftop owner as roof rent.
Recently 5 more cities-Bhavnagar Mehsana, Rajkot,
Surat and Vadodara started installing pilot rooftop
projects.
Grid-connected SPV Rooftop systems
MNRE
Indian Experience: Initiatives by Karnataka
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As per new RE policy 2009-14, State to
promote rooftop with net metering.
System size to be 5-100 kW and
interconnection at 415 V, 3 phase or 11 kV.
Maximum energy injection allowed upto
70% of energy usage at site from DISCOM.
Energy injection to be settled on net basis
in each billing period, no carry forward.
Grid-connected SPV Rooftop systems
MNRE
Indian Experience: Initiatives by Karnataka
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25000 PV rooftops of 5-10 kWp size with
net metering targeted during next 5 years
with 250 MW potential and 350 MU
generation.
Grid connected PV rooftop projects to be
given priority under Green Energy Fund.
Pilot projects may come up in Mysore and
Hubli-Dharwad solar cities.
Grid-connected SPV Rooftop systems
MNRE
Indian Experience: Initiatives by Tamil Nadu
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As per ‘State Solar Policy 2012’ 350 MW
SPV rooftop targeted during 2012-2014.
50 MW rooftop to be supported through
GBI @ Rs. 2.0/kWh for the first 2 years,
Rs. 1.0/kWh for the next 2 and Rs.
0.50/kWh for other 2 years.
Net metering will be allowed at multiple
voltage level
Grid-connected SPV Rooftop systems
MNRE
Indian Experience: Initiatives by Tamil Nadu
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Interconnection to be as follows:
< 10 kW
- connection at 240 V
10 to 15 kWp
- connection at 240/415 V
15 to 50 kWp
- connection at 415 V
50 to 100 kWp
- connection at 415 V
100 kWp
- connection at 11 kV
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Exemption from payment of electricity tax will be
allowed for 5 years for 100% solae electricity
used for self/sale to utility.
All new Govt./Local body buildings shall
necessarily install PV rooftops.
Grid-connected SPV Rooftop systems
MNRE
Indian Experience: Initiatives by Chandigarh
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1.14 MW projects of SPV grid connected
PV rooftops projects sanctioned for
model solar city are under installation of
which 50 kW commissioned.
DISCOMS agreed to purchase power and
rates yet to be finalised.
Grid-connected SPV Rooftop systems
MNRE
Indian Experience: Initiatives by Chandigarh
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Interconnection to be as follows:
-Upto 10 kW
: Low voltage single phase
-10 kW to 100 kW :3 phase low voltage supply
-100 kW to 1.5 MW : Connection at 11 kV level
-1.5 MW to 5.o MW : Connection at 11 kV/33
kV/66kV as per site conditions
Grid-connected SPV Rooftop systems
Indian Experience: Initiatives by Kerala
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10,000 solar PV rooftops recently launched
with 1.0 kWp each system of total 10 MW
At present only off grid system covered but
Kerala has plans to launch 75,000 grid
connected rooftops soon.
Rs. 39,000/- state subsidy is available for
each 1.0 kWp system
Major Issues….
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Notification of “Technical Standards for
connectivity of the Distributed Generation
Resources Regulation- 2012 by M/o Power.
Norms for capacity restrictions (kWp) for
connectivity at each voltage level
Tariff fixation by CERC/SERCs with or without
subsidy/incentives.
Metering system, position of meters,
authentication mechanism etc.
RPO and REC issues connected with grid
connected SPV Rooftops
MNRE
Grid-connected SPV Rooftop systems MNRE
Action being initiated …..
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CEA has finalised “Technical Standards for
Connectivity of the Distibuted Generation
Resources-CEA Regulations 2012” and is
sending to M/o Power for notification.
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CEA constituted a committee for amendment in
“CEA Installation and Operation of MetersRegulation 2006” for for metering arrangement
for inter connection of SPV rooftop with grid.
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CERC will soon bring out the guidelines for grid
connectivity and metering arrangements for SPV
rooftops.
Grid-connected SPV Rooftop systems MNRE
Action being initiated …..
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MNRE has included Grid connected SPV
rooftops in the “off grid and decentralised solar
Applications” scheme vide ammend no.
5/23/2009-P&C dated 30th October 2012 for SPV
plants upto 100 kW capacity.
MNRE subsidy upto 30% on the following
benchmark cost of the projects is available :
Upto 5 kWp
: 160 Rs./Wp
5 to 100 kWp
: 140 Rs./Wp
100 to 500 kWp
: 130 Rs./Wp
A separate scheme to come up on “Grid connected
SPV rooftops” during 2013-14
Grid-connected SPV Rooftop systems MNRE
Action being initiated …..
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NCEF has sanctioned 10 MW SPV grid
connected rooftop project with 70.50
crore which is being implemented by
SECI
SECI has invited RFS for six cities namely
Delhi(1MW), Bhubaneswar/Cuttack(1MW),
Raipur/Naya Raipur(2MW),
Gurgaon(2MW), Channai(2MW),
Bangaluru(2MW).
Grid-connected SPV Rooftop systems MNRE
Actions required by States…
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States to announce suitable policies on
grid connected PV rooftop systems
States to establish dialogue with
DISCOMs and finalize suitable tariff.
DISCOMs to formulate and sign PPAs,
States to set up few pilot projects.
Roof Space requirement for rooftop system
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15-20 sq. meter roof space is required for
1.0 kW system
A 100 sq. meter roof space can have
5- 6 kW SPV system
Cost of 1.0 kW system is about
Rs. 1.50 to 1.60 lakh
MNRE
Potential of SPV rooftop
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MNRE
One million industrial units and each
with average 500 sq. meter rooftop
space can have about 25,000 MWeq Solar
PV rooftop installations.
Only 800 Kendriya Vidyalayas in India can
host about 20 MW eq. Solar PV rooftops.
About 100 million houses can install 100
million 100,000 MW eq. Solar PV rooftops.
……and so on
MNRE
Thank You