Modern Child Slavery
Youth Advocate Program International
4000 Albermarle St. NW, Suite 401
Washington DC 20016, USA
www.yapi.org
Child Slavery
What Do you Know?
 What does slavery mean?
 Does slavery exist today?
 Are there laws that protect the
rights of children?
 Which continent do you think
has the largest percentage of
modern child slavery?
Source: www.stolenchildhoods.org
Child Slavery
Definition
A child slave…
 is under the age of eighteen.
 receives extremely little or no pay.
 is controlled by violence or other
threats.
 has no option to leave the situation.
Source: BBC
 has no access to education or health
care.
Child Slavery
A Life
Iqbal Masih was a child slave in Pakistan. His parents
were too poor to afford food; they borrowed $16 in
exchange for sending Iqbal to a carpet factory to work
off the loan. Iqbal was only 4 years old. The children in
the factory worked 14 hours a day, six days a week
without any breaks. They were beaten and chained to
their looms if they complained or tried to escape.
Source: UNICEF Italy
When he was 10, Iqbal learned about a new law that
forbade bonded labor. He left the factory, entered
school, and began to speak out on behalf of children
who still worked in factories. However Iqbal’s actions
made many people angry; he was shot and killed in
April 1995. Iqbal was only 12 years old.
Source: Stolen Dreams: Portraits of Working Children.
Child Slavery
Basic Facts

There are more slaves today than were seized from Africa during
the entire 400 years of the trans-Atlantic slave trade.

The price for a slave in 1850 in Mississippi was $40,000 (based on
constant dollars). The average price of a slave today is $90.

The majority of child laborers, an estimated 70%, work in
agriculture.

Around the world, over 211 million children between the ages of 5
and 14 are working. At least 60 million of these children are
working under dangerous or abusive conditions.
Source:
Source:
Source:
Source:
Bales, Kevin. 2000. Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy. University of California Press.
Free the Slaves http://www.freetheslaves.net/Page.aspx?pid=301
International Initiative to End Child Labor: http://endchildlabor.org/?page_id=20.
ILO Accelerating Action Against Child Labour (2010): http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@dgreports/@dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_126752.pdf
Child Slavery
Where It Occurs
 An estimated 158
million children aged
5-14 are engaged in
child labor – 1 in 6
children.
 In Sub-Saharan
Africa, around 1 in 3
children are child
laborers –
representing 69
million children.
Source: UNICEF - http://www.unicef.org/protection/index_childlabour.html
Source: http://filipspagnoli.wordpress.com/stats-on-human-rights/statistics-on-labor-conditions/statistics-on-child-labor/
Child Slavery
Forms of Child Slavery

Forced Labor
• to extract work or service
from any person using the
threat of penalties.

Debt Bondage
Source: BBC
•
debt bondage occurs when an individual is pledged into
slavery as collateral on a loan or to pay a debt.
Sometimes parents will pledge their children or the
entire family into debt bondage.
•
It is nearly impossible to pay off debt because additional
debt is constantly accrued through additional expenses,
such as food and lodging.
Child Slavery
Forms of Child Slavery

Chattel Slavery
• Chattel slavery is the most widely documented, historic form of
slavery.
•

Chattel slaves are legally viewed as personal property that can be
sold and traded by their master.
Religious Slavery
• Religious slavery refers to when
children are sold or given to temple
gods and priests.
• This still occurs today in parts of
Africa (such as Ghana) and India.
Child Slavery
Effect on Children
 Health: child slaves are easily replaced; it is
more expensive to nurse a sick child to health
than to buy a new slave. Consequently, children
rarely get medical or psychological attention if
needed.
 Education: child slaves are often denied access
to education. Thus, even if they escape slavery,
they do not have the skills necessary for higherpaying jobs.
Source: Jon Warren via Hamline University
 Family Ties: child slaves are often separated
from their families. Even if these children escape
from slavery, their families still may not welcome
them home.
Child Slavery
Why Does It Exist?
 Poverty: Children who live in extreme poverty are most susceptible to
enslavement.
 Tradition: Some parents view their children as property over which they
have the right to control.
 Control: Children are attractive slaves because they are easier than
adults to manipulate and control.
 Cheap and Replaceable: The average slave today costs less than $100.
Overpopulation in some regions mean there is an abundant supply of
children who are available as slaves.
 Physical Size: Because they are smaller than adults, child slaves are
more desirable for certain tasks such as weaving rugs and picking cocoa.
Child Slavery
What Can You Do?
 Educate yourself about Child Slavery.
 Contact local, state, and national
politicians for support against Child Slavery.
• Write letters asking for their opinion on
Child Slavery.
 Talk to your parents about Child Slavery.
• Educate the adults in your life!
 Advocate for Child Slavery awareness!
• Begin a social awareness/ human rights club.
Source: Jon Warren via Hamline University
Child Slavery
For More Information
Anti-Slavery International
www.antislavery.org
UNICEF
www.unicef.org
Free the Slaves
www.freetheslaves.net
Free the Children
www.freethechildren.org
Global March
www.globalmarch.org
Youth Advocate Program
International
www.yapi.org
Child Labor Coalition
www.stopchildlabor.org