英语句子概论
Noun / Pronoun /
The + adj
V-ing / Clause / Infinitive
Vi
宾语
noun
谓
宾语(直) 宾语(间) adj. / adv.
Vt
语
宾语 宾补
infinitive
V-ing
表语
V-l
V-ed
noun etc.
Noun / Pronoun
pronoun
The + adj
adj. / adv.
be / feel / seem / look
V-ing / Clause
infinitive
appear
/
stand
/
lie
Infinitive
V-ing / V-ed
become /get / grow / turn
clause
go / come / remain/ keep
etc.
taste / smell etc.
主
语
简单句基本句型实例
主语 ＋ 不及物动词
She came．/ My head aches.
主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋ 宾语
She likes English.
主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 主语补语(表语）
She is happy．
主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋ 间接宾语 ＋ 直接宾语
She gave John a book．
She bought a book for me.
主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语
She makes her mother angry．
The teacher asked me to read the passage.
There +be
There is a book on the desk.
简单句的基本词序
主语
动词部分
宾语
（谓语）
I
bought
方式 地点 时间
a hat
The children ran
We
ate
The car
stopped
状语
yesterday.
home.
our meal
in silence.
suddenly.
• 名词性从句在功能上相当于名词
His job is important.
主语
表语
{What he does is important
{
.
This is his job.
This is what he does every day.
I don’t like his job.
宾语 I don’t like what he does every day.
{
{ I don’t know about the fact that he is a
同位语
I don’t know about the man, Mr. White.
teacher.
什么叫名词性从句？
• 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句
(Noun Clauses）
• 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在
复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同
位语等
• 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名
词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从
句、表语从句和同位语从句
主语从句
subject clause
宾语从句
名词性从句
noun clause
object clause
表语从句
predicative clause
同位语从句
appositive clause
名词性从句中的连接词有:
连接词:
that / whether / as if(though);
连接代词: what / who/ which / whose /
whatever / whoever / whomever
/ whichever，
连接副词: where / when / why / how
/ wherever / whenever
Subject Clauses
主语从句
1. 主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分
That he will succeed is certain .
Whether he will go there is not known .
What he said is not true .
Where he hid the money is to be found out .
Whoever comes is welcome.
It’s certain that he will succeed .
7) How we can help the twins will be discussed
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
at the meeting.
8) When they’ll start the project has not been
decided yet.
考点一:主语从句后置!
为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形
式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例:
That we shall be late is certain.
-- It’s certain that we shall be late.
1. That the earth is round is known to all.
-- It’s known to all that the earth is round.
2. That you missed the chance is a pity.
-- It is a pity that you missed the chance.
由连词 whether 和 if, 连接代词 what,who,which
和连接副词 when,where,why,how 等引导也
常常后置
It 的用法： （形式主语）
It’ possible/important/necessary/clear… that……
很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…
It’s said/ reported… that..据说/据报道…
It’s been announced/declared that..已经通知/宣
布…
It seems/appears/happens.. that…显然、明显、
碰巧..
It’s no wonder that…难怪…
It’s a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知）
/ a common saying that….（俗话说）
考点二：What 与 that 引导主语从句
what引导名词性从句时在从句中
充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,而
that则不然,它在句子中只起连接作
用。例如：
(1) What you said yesterday is right.
(2) That she is still alive is a puzzle.
由 that 引导:
1. That we shall be late is certain.
That the earth is round is known to all.
2. _____________________
(地球是圆的)
3. ________________________
That you missed the chance is a pity.
(你错过了这次机会)
that 无意义, 后接一个完整的句子.
that 不可省
“if” 不能引导主语从句，应有“whether”引导。
主语从句的 “that” 一般不能省。
“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：
1）常与其后的表语一致 2）根据句子的语境而定。
1. What he needs ____
is that book.
2. What he needs ____
are some books.
3. What you said ____
is of great importance.
doesn’t
4. What he says and does_________concern
me.
1. ___ he made an important speech at the
meeting was true.
A. That
B. Why
C. What
D. How
2. ___we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on
the weather .
A If
B Whether
C That
D Where
3.___ is known to us all is that America is a
developed country____the First World.
a.Which; belong to
b. As, belonged to
c. What; belonging to
d. It; belonging to
Object Clauses
宾语从句
1. I
主语
2. I
主语
主
know
him . （简单句）
谓语
宾语
know
who
谓语
连词 从句主语 从句谓语
句
he
宾语从句
is . （复合句）
一、引导词
• 句型转换
1.They are good doctors. He told us. →
He told us that they were good doctors.
2. He hadn’t said anything at the meeting.
The fact surprised us.→
The fact that he hadn’t said anything
at the meeting surprised us.
总结：当从句原来是陈述句时，变
成名词性从句用that引导。
注意：（一）在主句为动词be加某些形容
词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语
时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾
语从句
I’m sorry (that) I don’t know .
We’re sure (that) our team will win .
I’m afraid (that) he won’t pass the exam .
（二）宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情
况下不能省略：
• Everyone knew what happened and that she was
worried.
• The reason lies in that she works harder than the
others do.
• I think it necessary that you should read English
aloud.
（1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第
二个that 不能省；
（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。
（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句
3.Does your sister get up early? Do you
know? →
Do you know if/ whether your sister
gets up early?
4.Do animals have the same senses as
humans? I often wonder. →
I often wonder if/ whether animals have
the same senses as humans.
总结：当从句原来是一般疑问句时，变
成名词性从句用if或whether引导。
whether与if的辨用
• 表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。
• a. 主语从句
b. 表语从句
c. 同位语从句
e. 介词后的宾语从句
f. 后接动词不定式 (whether to do sth.)
g. whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句
时不用if
Practice time
if / whether
if / whether she had a bike.
1. I asked her __________
3. We’re worried about ________ he is
whether
safe.
4. I don’t know ___________ he is well
whether
/if
or not.
5. I don’t know ________ or not he is
whether
well.
8. I don’t know _______ to go.
whether
5.When did he buy this new bike? Could
you tell me? →
Could you tell me when he bought this
new bike?
6.My question is this: where will the
lecture be given? →
My question is where the lecture will be
given.
总结：当从句原来是特殊疑问句时，变成
名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来导。
当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词
（what, who, whom, which, whose）或连接
副词（when, where, how, why）引导，因
为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定
的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可
以省略
二、时态
1. 如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时 ，
现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根
据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过
去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）
I know he lives here .
I know he lived here ten years ago .
I have heard that he will come tomorrow .
2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过
去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应
的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进
行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）
I knew who lived here.
I saw she was talking with her mother.
He asked whether his father would come back
tomorrow.
He said that he had seen it .
3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理
时用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the sun travels
around the earth .
1. The radio says it _______
will be cloudy tomorrow.
(be)
goes
2. The headmaster hopes everything ______
well. (go)
3. Tom says that they ________________
(play)
were playing
basketball at six o’clock yesterday evening.
4. I hear they __________
have returned (return) it
already.
5. He said that they _________
had been members of the
Party since 1948. (be)
6. I didn’t know what time he _______
wrote
the letter. (write)
7. Could you tell me who has
_________
takenaway
the book already? (take)
8. Ling Feng told me he _________
had been to
the Great Wall several times. (be)
三、语序
宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：
连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
1. When will he go to the library?
 His brother asks when he will go to the
library .
His brother asks when will he go to the
library .
2. What does he want to buy ?
I don’t know what he wants to buy .
I don’t know what does he want to buy .
注意事项
1．could / would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，
因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同
时态。
Could you please tell me where we show our
tickets ?
Could you tell us which gate we have to go to ?
Would you like to know when he will come back ?
2. 如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能
是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连
词用that
She says (that) she will leave a message on
his desk .
He said (that) he was going to take care of
the child .
He asks if I like playing the piano .
You may ask the man over there how you
can get to the bus station .
3. 否定的转移:若主语谓语动词为think,
consider, suppose, believe, expect,
guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若
含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到
主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。
I don’t think this dress fits you well.
(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)
4. it常可以放在动词think, find, consider,
believe, feel, make等后作为形式宾语:it
不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为
形式宾语而真正的宾语-that从句则放
在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。
He made it clear that he opposed the
proposal.
5. 连词 if 和 when 在不同从句中的区别：
1. Do you know if ______back next week ? If he
C back , please let me know .
______
A. he comes , will come
B. B. will he come , comes
C. he will come , comes
D. he will come , will come
will come (come) . I
2. I don’t know when he _________
comes
can’t wait here any more . When he _______
(come) , would you please ask him to call me ?
Practice
B Jim can come back on
1. The teacher asks us ____
time .
A. that
B. if
C. when
D. what time
C we will have a sports
2. Does anybody know ______
meeting this weekend or not .
A. if
B. where C. whether D. that
D ?
3. Could you show me ________
A. how can I get to the station
B. where is the station
C. how I could get to the station
D. how I can reach the station
4. Please tell me _______.
C
A. what does he like
B. what he does like
C. what he likes
D. what he like
5. My sister told him ________
B .
A. what day was it
B. when the train arrived
C. who she was waiting D. where did you live
D .
6. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _______
A. who is he
B. who he is
C. who is it
D. who it is
B ?
7. Could you tell me how long __________
A. you have bought the watch
B. you have kept this science book
C. have you been away from China
D. have you been a member of Greener China
C tomorrow , he _______ fishing .
8. He says that if it _______
A. will rain , won't go
B. rained , wasn't go
C. rains , won't go
D. rain , will go
Predicative Clauses
表语从句
表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性
从句, 放在系动词之后,一般结构是
“主语+系动词+表语从句”。作用:
对主语进行解释说明。可以接表语
从句的系动词有be, look, remain,
seem等。
注意：
1.表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同.
2.在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用
“whether”不能用“If”。
3.一般情况下，“that”不能省。
4. It is /was because ….
It is /was why….
5. The reason (why…/for…)is /was that….
6. The reason is because /why…
that ….
名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句
在这种句型中，常用表示事实，真理的名词，
如：fact, truth 或表示看法，观点的名词，如
idea, opinion, belief, view, feeling, suggestion,
plan等作主语。
如：
1.The fact is that our team has won the game.
2.The truth is that she was the very person who
informed against her husband.
1. That’s ___ the Party called on us to do.
A. why
B. what
C. how
D. that
2. The reason is ___ he is unable to operate the
machine.
A. because
B. why
C. that
D. Whether
3 .That is ___ they separated.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. where
4.Jane is no longer ___ she was four years ago.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. when
Appositive Clauses
同位语从句
同位语从句在句中充当同位语从句成分，其一般
跟在一些抽象名词（ idea ；belief ； fact ；
truth ； problem ；news 等）后面，对名词作
进一步解释说明.
n.+ 连接词 + 从句
同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词when /
where/why / how / whether
1) The idea that computers can recognize
human voices surprises many people .
2).Sydney kept his promise that he would
always do anything he could for Lucie to
make sure of her happiness.
1.Two
thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The
fact
_______
________________________________________
worries
______ their parents and teachers a lot.
The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet
worries their parents and teachers a lot.
2.The
Queen of England was on a three-day visit in
______________________________________________
China./ We heard _________
the news last night.
______
We heard the news last night that the Queen of
England was on a three-day visit in China.
注: 1. 同 位语从句多用that 引导
2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位
语从句.
I have no idea where he has gone.
I have no idea when he did it.
I have no idea what he did.
2.名词suggestion, proposal, advice ,
demand, order等词后的同位语从句的
语气要用虚拟语气, 结构为 should + do,
should 可省略
He gave me a suggestion that I ( should )
be calm now.
I have heard the news that he visited our factory .
I have heard the news that he told you the other
day .
3. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
1 同位语从句——that 只起连接作用，不作任何成分
定语从句 —— that 是关系代词，起连接作用和充
当宾语和主语
2 同位语从句——同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关
系，对名词进行补充说明
定语从句 —— 定从和前面的名词是所属关系，对
名词进行修饰，加以限定
3 同位语从句——that 不能省
定语从句 —— that 在从句中作宾语时，可以省
Practice :判断下列各句是同位语
从句还是定语从句
• 1.They expressed the hope that they would
come to visit China again. 同位语从句
• 2. The hope that she expressed is that they
定语从句
would come to visit China again.
• 3.The fact that she works hard is well known
同位语从句
• to us all.
• 4. I can't stand the terrible noise that she is
同位语从句
crying loudly.
Practice time：指出下列各名词性从句的种类
1. At lunchtime, the radio weatherman reported
that the mist would become a thick fog in the
Object clause
afternoon.
2. She wondered if the buses would still be
Object clause
running.
3. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus
to run that far.
Predicative clause
4. She sensed that she was being watched by a tall
Object clause
man ina dark coat.
5. When we will start is not clear. Subject clause
6. I had no idea that you were her friend.
Appositive clause
总结：名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。
另外，一般情况下，名词性从句均看
作单数概念。由what引导主语从句的
一般看后面的表语。宾语从句的时态
一般与主句保持一致。
1.What we need is more time.
2.What we need are more English
dictionaries.
Practice time.单句改错
1.That the earth turns around the sun ___
are known to
all.
is
2.When the meeting will be held haven’t
______ been
known yet.
hasn’t
____ come.
3.I didn’t know that you will
would
4.He said that he___
is writing a story.
was
______
5.Could you tell me when will
he arrive?
he will
6.You can begin to see why does
English have such
___________________
strange rules.
English has
• end
B
1. ____made
the school proud was ____more than
90%of the students had been admitted to key
universities .
A What / because
B What / that
C That / what
D That / because
A
2.___she
couldn’t understand was ___ fewer and
fewer students showed interest in her lessons .
A What / why B That / what
C What / because D Why / that
3. He is absent from school . It is B
__ he is seriously
ill. A. why B. because C. that D. the reason
4 ___has
helped to save the drowning girl is
D
worth praising .
A Who B The one C Anyone D Whoever
A more
5. Information has been put forward __
middle school graduates will be admitted into
universities .
A that B how C where D what
6 – I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .
A
-- Is that ___you
had a few days off ?
A why B when C what D where
7 Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game ?
A
--- Oh ,that’s ___.
A what makes me feel excited
B whatever I feel excited about
C how I feel about it
D when I feel excited
9 .__
B fashion differs from country to country may
reflect the cultural differences from one aspect .
A What B That C This D Which
10. When you answer questions in a job
interview ,please remember the golden
rule :Always give the monkey exactly __
A he
wants .
A what B which
C when
D that
11. We made the suggestion that he ___
B his work .
A continues
C continued
B continue
D had continued
12.There will be a special price for ____ buys
things in large number here.
A. who B. whom C. whoever
D. Whomever
13. Mary wrote an article on ____ the team had
failed to win the game .
A.why
B. what
C. who
D. that
(05)
14.The poor young man is ready to accept __
help he can get. (05)
A. whichever
C. whatever
B. however
D.whenever
14.Many newspaper printed the governor’s statement
_____ would support a tax cut.
A.and he B. was that he
C which he D that he
15._____ man must fear when traveling in space is
radiation from the sun.
A.Which
B. How
C. What
D. That
16.It is generally considered unwise to give a child
____ he or she wants.
A. However
C. whichever
B. whatever
D. whenever
1. Can you make sure ___ the gold rings?
A. where she had put
C. where she has put
B. where had she put
D. where has she put
2.The reason that has been such a success ___
he never gives up.
A. is
B. is because
C. is that
D. is what
3. ______ breaks the law should be punished.
• A Whoever
c. anyone.
b. No matter who
d. who
4. That is ___ I had to take the risk of being washed
away.
A. why
B. reason why C. how
D. what
5. Do ___ you think is right ___ difficulties you may
have.
A. what ;however
B. that ;whatever
C. whatever ; whoever
D. what; whatever
6.The workers considered it important ___ the boss
would agree to give them a rise.
A. whether
B. how
C. where
D. which
7. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would
visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
8. Difficulty lies ___ we have no money.
A. that B. in that C. in the fact D. in the fact that
10. I don’t think the question of ___ they are old or young
is important.
A. which
B. whether C. how D. why
13. The news ____ Lincoln was murdered filled
the American people’s hearts with deep sorrow.
A. which B. when C. that D. how
14. ____ he said at the meeting astonished
everyone present.
A. What
B. That C. The fact D. The matter
15. I don’t trust his promise ___ he will buy me a
new car.
A. which B. what
C. when D. that
16. She received the message ___ he would come
by plane.
A. that
B. which
C. what D. when
17. Energy is ___ makes things work.
A. what
B. something C. anything D. that
18.Our city has changed a lot ,and now it is quite
different from __ a few years ago.
A. what it used to be
B. that it used to be
C.which it used to be
D. what was it
19. We all know the truth ___ there are air ,water and
sunlight,there are living things.
A. wherever B. where
C. that
D. that wherever
20.The true value of life is not in ___ , but____.
A. how you get ;that you give
B.which you get;what you give
C.what you get ;what you give
D. what do you get ;what do you give
21.___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an
international language.
A. There
B. This
C. That
D. It
Thank