总第062期
2012年02月
DOWJONES EDUCATION
道琼斯全球资讯数据库精选
Is there an advantage to being interviewed early?
Some of us have “good” and “bad” times of the day. Try to go for the time of day at
which you tend to perform better because you usually feel more alert, more
positive and energised. We all have our own best times, and I am definitely a
morning person.
If the interview is for a job you really want, then try to cancel other commitments,
rather than making the interview fit around them. A meeting at work might seem
important – but not if it is going to stop you getting your next career opportunity.
Also bear in mind that the interviewers are likely to be more attentive at the
beginning of the day than at the end when they might have interviewed a number
of candidates.
In order to stay fresh and alert, I suggest you avoid heavy meals before the
interview and try to cut back on your caffeine intake if you are a heavy drinker of
coffee. Many of our clients are working, so having an interview at the end of the
day holds the risk that they may feel tired and stressed out.
Often the first interview is used by the panel to get their processes sorted out, and
so they call a weak “practice” candidate up first. At this stage they are also more
cautious about their judgments – but first candidates do have the advantage of
being remembered.
By the last interview, they are tired but you’ll have the advantage of being most
recent in their minds, and they will be polished.
interviews are careful mixes of showing that you are professional and fit for the job
– demonstrating your competencies, and also revealing who you are so they think
they know (and like) you as a person. Try and be memorable – in the right way.
The reality is that there are two sides to this transaction, yourself and the
interviewer, and while there is little you can do to control the latter, you can
control yourself.
It’s important you’re not rushed into a time that doesn’t suit you and that gives
you enough time to prepare. “Can you come and see me at 8am tomorrow”, will
probably give you a long and sleepless night hunched over your preparation and
research, so you arrive bleary-eyed and focused on getting through rather than
giving your best. It is important to manage your energy which will ebb and flow
during the interview. This is particularly true where you have been lined up for a
series of interviews one after the other. It might be the third time you have
answered that question that day, but to each interviewer it is their “killer question”
that sorts the wheat from the chaff.
面试的最佳时机
我们有些人在一天之中会有状态“好”的时段和状态“不好”的时段。设法
把面试安排在你状态比较好的时段，因为这时候你通常会比较机敏、
比较积极、活跃。我们每个人都有各自最好的时段，比如说，我显然
是上午的时候状态最好。
如果你要去面试的是一个你真正想要的工作，那么就设法推掉所有其他事情
，决不能以这些事情为中心来安排你面试的时间。某个工作会议或许
重要，但如果它会妨碍你获得下一个工作机会，那它就不重要了。
你还要记住，在清早，面试官的注意力很可能会比较集中，而到了快下班的
时候，他们的精神会比较分散，因为那个时候他们可能已经面试了一
大批人。
为了保持清醒和机敏，我建议你在面试前不要吃太多东西，如果你平常喝大
量咖啡，这个时候也要少喝一点。我们的许多客户都有工作要做，所
以，如果把面试安排在快下班的时候，届时他们可能已经累得筋疲力
尽了。
面试官们往往会利用头个面试来帮助理清面试流程，所以他们会安排实力较
弱的应聘者头一个上场来“练练手”。在这个阶段，他们作判断时也
会更为慎重，不过，排在最前面的面试者的优势在于他们比较容易被
记住。
轮到排在最后的面试者上场时，面试官们已经很累了。但这个时候你的优势
是能够成为他们最新的记忆，你有机会让他们忘掉其他面试者。
在面试中，你要在多个方面谨慎地表现你自己，包括你的专业性，你适合这
个工作，你的能力，你是个什么样的人。你要让他们觉得，他们已经
认识（并喜欢上）了你这个人。尽量让面试官记住你，当然，要以正
确的方式。
在面试中实际上是双方在互动，也就是你自己和面试官。对于控制后者，你
基本上做不了什么。但你可以控制好你自己。
千万不要仓促选择一个既不适合你、又让你有大量时间去做准备的时间。“
你方便在明天上午8点来见个面吗？”你大概会因此度过一个漫长的
不眠之夜，你会通宵埋头研究，做准备工作。到了面试的时候，你就
会变得睡眼惺忪，只想着快点结束，而不是展现出你最好的一面。
要控制好你的精神状态，因为在面试中你的精神状态肯定会有起伏。如果你
一场接一场地接受面试，就尤其要注意这一点。同样的问题，你一天
如需更多精彩内容或订阅,请登陆:uni.xinhuaonline.com
中可能会被问到三次，但对每位面试官来说，那都是他们遴选人才的
联系方式：北京朝阳区东大桥路8号尚都国际502室（ 100020）
联系电话：010-58700900
“杀手锏问题”。
总第062期
2012年02月
DOWJONES EDUCATION
道琼斯全球资讯数据库精选
China university expansion fails to repay poor’s faith in learning
中国大学扩招的困境
In a country where scholarship was once seen as the path of social mobility for anyone,
especially the poorest, many now view higher education with scepticism.
在中国，读书一度被认为是所有人、尤其是最贫困阶层实现社会流动
的途径，而现在，许多人却对高等教育有所疑虑。
“My brothers and my sister are as smart as I am, but there was no money, and then they
preferred to get an industry job to going to university,” says Jiang Guoli, a 20-year-old
English student from Leidayan, another poor Guizhou village.
Her generation has left home not to pursue more knowledge or training but for the quick
money expected from jobs in the export manufacturing areas in coastal China.
The trend is the result of 15 years of higher education reforms that were intended to achieve
the exact opposite.
From the late 1990s, Chinese universities, once elite institutions that only a tiny fraction of
high school leavers could hope to enter, were encouraged to throw their doors open and
recruit more students.
However, poor applicants from the countryside are in a much weaker position to grab these
opportunities. Village primary and high schools lack the qualified teachers and funds that
urban schools have.
According to a survey conducted in 2006, 3.5 times as many urban students as rural
students graduated from senior high school. In technical school, the factor widens to 55.5
times, in university to 281.6 times and in postgraduate studies to 323 times.
The ratio of students with rural backgrounds entering top universities, such as Tsinghua or
Peking, has dropped sharply since the reforms began.
While rural students on average have a smaller chance of obtaining a good university
education, they pay as much as those from the city. When the Chinese government relaxed
entry limits to the universities, it also allowed them to raise fees to finance the larger student
numbers.
Average annual fees between Rmb4,000 ($634) and Rmb6,000 seem low compared with
universities abroad. But that is still four to 10 times the annual household income in some of
China’s poorest regions.
Although some comfort may be drawn from the fact that rural income is growing, such
disparities have widened with China’s rapid urbanisation. The urban population now
exceeds the rural one, as Beijing announced this week.
Many families in provinces with rural populations at the bottom of China’s wealth ladder,
have been driven into debt by their attempts to send their offspring to university, seen as a
once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to change one’s fate and escape the curse of poverty.
今年20岁的英语系学生蒋国丽（音译）来自贵州另一个贫困山村雷打
岩，她说：“我的兄弟姐妹们和我一样聪明，可是钱不够用，
他们更愿意去工厂打工，不愿意上大学。”
她的同代人背井离乡并不是为了追求更多知识或接受培训，而是期待
在中国沿海地区的出口制造企业找到工作，尽快挣到钱。
这种趋势是15年高等教育改革造成的结果，而改革的目的与此恰恰相
反。
中国的大学在过去是精英机构，只有很小一部分高中毕业生有希望进
入大学就读。从上世纪90年代末起，政府鼓励大学打开大门，
招收更多学生。
然而，面对扩招所带来的机会，来自农村地区的穷学生们明显处于弱
势。农村的中小学缺乏合格教师和资金，教学条件远远比不上
城里的学校。
根据2006年的一项调查，在高中毕业生中，城市学生是农村学生的3.5
倍。在技校，这个比率扩大到55.5倍；在大学为281.6倍，研究
生为323倍。农村出身的学生就读清华、北大等一流大学的比率
自扩招以来大幅下降。
虽然农村学生就读优秀大学的几率比较小，但他们缴纳的学费与城市
学生一样多。中国政府降低大学准入门槛的同时，也允许大学
提高学费，以应付学生规模的扩大。
目前中国大学平均一年学费在4000元（合634美元）至6000元人民币之
间，与外国大学相比很低，但这已经是中国一些最贫困地区家
庭年收入的4至10倍。
农村收入在不断增长的事实或许能给人带来一些安慰，但是，随着中
国的快速城市化，城乡差距也在扩大。中国政府近日公布，如
今城市人口已经超过了农村人口。
在农村人口处于中国财富阶梯最底层的省份，许多家庭都因为供子女
上大学而负债累累。他们把上大学看作改变一个人的命运、摆
脱贫穷的厄运、一辈子只有一次的机会。
如需更多精彩内容或订阅,请登陆:uni.xinhuaonline.com
联系方式：北京朝阳区东大桥路8号尚都国际502室（ 100020） 联系电话：010-58700900
总第062期
2012年02月
DOWJONES EDUCATION
道琼斯全球资讯数据库精选
Daily struggle increases anxiety
中国年轻人的焦虑
As continuously growing demand makes China the world’s largest market for everything from
mobile phones to cars, and as the country develops a voracious appetite for luxury goods, the
plans and expectations of young people also seem increasingly to resemble those of their western
peers: and, it seems, they share the same status symbols and desires.
But the path to realising these seemingly simple dreams in China is very different from what it
might be in Europe or America. China’s society and economy are changing rapidly. The
countryside is urbanising at a dizzying speed, the job market is being transformed overnight, and
the media and entertainment landscape is undergoing sweeping changes.
While these conditions offer many opportunities to strike it rich, they also create huge hurdles for
young people to attain their desired state of a middle class goal.
“As a result, they feel a lot of pressure,” explains Mr Li.
To be sure, the lives of the young can differ vastly, depending on whether they were born in a big
city or in the countryside and whether they come from an affluent or well-connected family or a
simple peasant household.
Mr Li says: “It is broadly felt that one’s family background is an increasingly important factor in
one’s future, that social mobility is somewhat decreasing in China.”
But what young people across all social groups share is the expectation of a good life and the
sobering realisation that getting there can require a rather uncomfortable struggle, if it does not
turn out to be impossible altogether.
“For young people in the cities, a home is probably the biggest issue,” says Wang Xiaodong, a
researcher at the China Youth Research Centre. “Property prices are too high,” he says.
For young men and women who grew up in a small town or village, making a fresh start often
seems easy. Especially in the poorest rural regions, the young increasingly leave school early to go
to the more developed coastal regions to work there.
“At the beginning, I was dazzled that I’d have my own cash every month,” says Zhuo Hong, a 25year-old from Sichuan, one of China’s most populous western provinces. He left his rural home at
15 to work in a factory in Dongguan, an export manufacturing hub close to Hong Kong.
Although young people in cities have more options, they often share the same sense of confusion.
“I don’t know in what direction the future will take me, I haven’t thought about that thoroughly,”
says Ms Ni.
She has taken up religion, something unthinkable in Maoist China a few decades ago. Once a
month, she visits the Jing’an Temple in Shanghai to “have a chat with the Buddha. I think it’s a
good thing when people have some faith.”
随着持续扩大的需求让中国成为全球一切商品的最大市场（从手
机到汽车），加之中国人对奢侈品产生了强烈兴趣，中国
年轻人的未来规划和期望也似乎越来越像西方靠拢，他们
似乎有着同样的社会地位象征和愿望。
但在中国，实现这些看似简单的梦想的道路与欧美截然不同。中
国的社会和经济正迅速发生变化。农村正以惊人的速度城
市化，就业市场日新月异，媒体和娱乐业格局正在经历彻
底变革。
这些环境造就了很多暴富的机会，但也给年轻人实现期望中的中
产阶级目标制造了巨大障碍。
李春玲表示：“因此，他们感受到很多压力。”
无可否认，年轻一代的生活千差万别，这取决于他们出生在大城
市还是农村，是来自富裕或是有着良好社会关系的家庭还
是简单的农民家庭。
李春玲表示：“人们普遍认为，一个人的家庭背景对于他的未来
是一个越来越重要的因素，在中国，社会阶层的流动性正
开始有所减速。”
但各个社会群体中的年轻人所共有的是，对美好生活的期望以及
对一件事实的清醒认识：实现这一理想可能需要相当痛苦
的奋斗，甚至有可能完全失败。
对于城市中的年轻人而言，房子或许是最大的问题。”中国青少
年研究中心研究员王晓东表示，“房价太高。”对于在小
城镇或农村长大的年轻男女而言，白手起家通常似乎相对
容易。特别是在最贫困的农村地区，越来越多的年轻人辍
学，到更为发达的沿海地区工作。
“一开始，每月都能有自己的钱这件事让我激动不已，”现年25
岁的四川人卓宏（音译）说道。四川是中国人口最多的西
部省份。他15岁离开农村老家，在出口制造业中心东莞的
一家工厂工作。
很多更年轻的农民工设法在服务业找工作，而非建筑业和工厂。
尽管城市中的年轻人有着更多选择，但他们经常感到同样的困惑
。倪璐表示：“我不知道自己的未来在何方，我还没有认
真地考虑过这个问题。”
她现在信教，几十年前，在毛泽东时代的中国，这种事情还是不
可想象的。她每月去一次上海的静安寺，“与佛祖聊聊天
。我认为，有些信仰是件好事。”
如需更多精彩内容或订阅,请登陆:uni.xinhuaonline.com
联系方式：北京朝阳区东大桥路8号尚都国际502室（ 100020） 联系电话：010-58700900