Meet the U.S. Presidents Eastside 4th Grade Classes Mrs. Cappiello’s Class Mrs. Cowger’s Class Mrs. Hessenthaler’s Class George. Washington by. Lainee M. Sperry Born Feb.22, 1732 Age at inauguration 57 December 14 1799 67 Tamara, Britton L. George washington. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. JOHN ADAMS by PAUL LOVERA • He was born on 1735 at Braintree Ma • He also helped write the declaration of Independence • He was the first president to live in the • white house • He helped make the Boston tea party • He died on 1826 Allison, Robert J. "JOhn Adams." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar003840&st=john+adams>. Elston, Heidi M. John Adams. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. Thomas Jefferson BY:Dalton Brennan • Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13,1743. • He was 14 when his father died. • In 1772 he married Martha Wayles Scelton. • He was elected president in 1804. Elston, Heidi. Thomas Jefferson. Adina, Mn.: Abdo, Print. JAMES MADISON by: Tim Wentz • Born-1751 • Died-1836 • President from 1809-1817 • Indiana became a state when James Madison was President. Brugger, Robert J. "Madison, James." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar337320&st=james+madison>. Gunderson, Megan M. James Madison. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. James Monroe By Jacob and Shawn James Monroe 5th President of the United States of America • He died in 1831 July 4th • He died when he was 73 years old • He was born on April 28, 1758 • He had 3 children Gunderson, Megan M. James Monroe. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. Hickey, Donald R. "James Monroe." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 19 Jan. 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar368600&st=james+monroe>. John Quincy Adams By Owen Preston Born in the year of 1767. Died in the year of 1848. His voice died when he got excited. He spoke so well that he was named : Old Man Eloquent. He went to school in Paris. Allison, Robert J. "Adams, John Quincy." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar003860&st=adams%2C+john+quincy>. Elston, Heidi M. John Quincy Adams. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. ANDREW JACKSON 7th PRESIDENT by Asher Croy born in Waxhaw, SC, march 15 1767 Died June 8,1845 age 78 Jackson was slashed with a sword after refusing to polish a British officers boots. He had a scare for the rest of his life. Andrew Jackson served in the war of 1812 as a general. Jackson was in several duels and was shot in one of them. Anderson, Dickson A. "Andrew Jackson." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar284140&st=andrew+jackson>. Gunderson, Megan M. Andrew Jackson. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. MARTIN VAN BUREN by JESSE Born 1782 Died 1862 served during nation’s Ran for president 3 times 8th president Curtis, James C. "Van Buren, Martin." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar580100&st=van+buren%2C+martin>. Rumsch, BreAnn. Martin Van Buren. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. William H.Harrison By:Emma Roberts Born February 9,1773 Was the 9th President Was only President for 1 month Died of cold Died on April 4,1841 Elston, Heidi M. William H. Harrison. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. Mintz, Steven. "Harrison, William Henry." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar247300&st=harrison, william henry>. John Tyler By:Jada • Born • Died .Was First Vice President Hubbell, John T. "Tyler, John." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar572560&st=JohnTyler#>. James K. Polk by: Jessica Wentz Born:1795 Died:1849 President:1845 Married1824 Haynes, Sam W. "James Knox Polk." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar437440&st=polk%2C+james> Rumsen, BreAnn. James K. Polk. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. Zachery Taylor by Zach • Taylor was the first president elected after Mexican war. • Zachery was born in 1785. Elston, Heidi M. Zachary Taylor. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. Hoyt, Michael F. "Taylor, Zachary." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/search?st1=zachary+Taylor&searchprop=WBS>. Millard Fillmore by Preston Ryan • He did not approve of slavery. • Elected in 1850 • He was in the civil war. Elston, Heiaim.d.. Millard Fillmore. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. Franklin Pierce by Devon and Braden • He was born November 23, 1804. • He died in December 2, 1863. • His nickname was Hampshire Boy. • He is an ancestor of Barbara Bush • He was President 18531857. Boulard, Garry. "Pierce, Franklin." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 19 Jan. 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar429580&st=franklin+pierce>. Rumsch, BreAnn. Franklin Pierce. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. James Buchanan By Spencer & Gus • He was born April 23,1791.He died June 7,1868,age 77.He retired When he was 65 1861. He was president from 1857-1861. Barkner, Michael J. "Buchanan, James." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article? Gunderson, Megan M. James Buchanan. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. Abraham Lincoln by Michaela bell Born-1809 Died-1865 When president-18611865 He was president during the Civil War. He was president for 4 years. He was killed by John Wilkes booth Eumsch, BreAnn. Abraham Lincoln. Ebina, mn: ABDO, 2009. Print. ANDREW JOHNSON By:Ashley Johnson Born in 1808 Died in 1875 Pres.1865-1869 Abraham Lincoln’s vice pres. Father died when he was 3 Gunderson, Megan M. Andrew Johnson. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. Sefton, James E. "Johnson, Andrew." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 31 Jan. 2012. Ulysses S. Grant Grant S. Ulysses was born on April 27 1882 in Point Pleasant, Ohio. He was president for two terms. Grant was promoted to lieutenant general of all of the union army. He died on July 23 1885. Runsch, Breann. Ulysses S. Grant. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. Rutherford B. Hayes By Zane Tuttle By Zane Tuttle • Hayes went to Kenyon college in Ohio. • Hayes was the first president to have a telephone in the white house. • Hayes was born October 4 1822. • Hayes joined the union army on June 7. • Hayes died on January 17th 1893. Bridges, Roger. "Hayes, Rutherford Birchard." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 18 Jan. 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar249240&st=rutherford+b+hayes>. Rumsch, BreAnn. Rutherford B. Hayes. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. JAMES A.GARFIELD Mycah and Harlee • Born November 19,1831 • Fought in a battle 1862 • Died September 19,1881 age 49 Gunderson, Megan M. James A. Garfield. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. Wayne, Morgan H. "Garfield, James Abram." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 19 Jan. 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar217200&st=james+garfield>. Chester A. Arthur By Solie , Sara ,& Simona !!! • 21st president • He was president 18811885 • Birth date Oct. 25 1829 death Nov.18 1886 • He had 3 children • Wife was Ellen Lewis Henndon 1837- 1880 Elston, Heidi M. Chester Arthur. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. Reeves, Tomas C. "Arthur, Chester Alan." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 19 Jan. 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar032240&st=chester+arthur>. Grover Cleveland By: Kate M. Beardall He was born in New Jersey on March 18, 1837 Died on June 24, 1908 President: First Term: 1885 – 1889 Second Term: 1893 – 1897 Rumsch, Breann. Grover Cleveland. Edina Minnesoda, MN: ABDO, 2012. Print. Benjamin Harrison By Bobby • He was grandson of president . He became president. • Born 1833 • Married Caroline 1853 • Died 1901 • Wyoming became a state when he was president. Calhoun, Charles W. "Benjamin Harrison." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar247260&st=benjamin+harrison>. Gunderson, Megan M. Benjamin Harrison. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. William McKinley By : Cassidy, Danny, and Joey • 25th president of U.S.A • Jan.29.1843 Niles, Ohio • Assassinated on Sep.6th 1901 by Leon F. Czolgosz • Died on Sep.14 1901 • Wife was Ida Saxton Gould, Lewis L. "McKinley, William." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 19 Jan. 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar351660&st=william+mckinley>. Gunderson, Megan M. William McKinley. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. Theodore Roosevelt! By: Jeff Williams Theodore Roosevelt was the youngest president ever elected. His wife died at child birth. His nickname was “Teddy” He entered office at age 42. He was tormented on his way to Main at age 12. He was born in 1858 and died in 1919. Gable , Jhon A. “Theodore Roosevelt" World Book. World Book, 2009. Web. 12 Jan. 2012. www.WorldBookonline.com/student/article?id=ar474860st=theodoreroosevelt William Taft by Eli Gunther • Born in 1857. • Died in 1930. • In 1921 he was named chief justice of the U.S.A. • William was the only person in U.S. history who served first as president, then as chief justice. • William was president from 1909 to 1913. Burton, David H. "Taft, William Howard." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar544840&st=taft%2C+william> Rumsch, BreAnn. William Taft. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. Woodrow Wilson By:Vanesa Madrigal • Born in (Dec.29) • Died in 1924 • First scholar teacher and a university president • Woodrow Wilson was a great leader teacher • 1916(Nov.17) reelected president • 1915(Dec.18)married Edith Bolling Galt Mulder, John M. "Wilson, Woodrow." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar6055408st=woodrow+wilson>. Rumsch, BreAnn. Woodrow WIlson. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. Warren G. Harding BY:Kenzie Kelly • Born November 2,1865 • Died August 2, 1923 • Years served~19211923 • Married Florence Kling Dewolfe • First president to have a radio in white house!!!! Elston, Heidi M. Warren G. Harding. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. Walch, Timothy. "Harding, Warren Gamaliel." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar245880gst=harding>. Calvin Coolidge By Anna & Breanna Born July 4,1872 Died Jan 5 1930 He was president from 1923 to 1929. Elston, Heidi M. Calvin Coolidge. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. Gilbert, Robert E. "Coolidge, Calvin." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 19 Jan. 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar13230&st=calvin+coolidge>. HERBERT HOOVER by Sahla Miller Hoover enjoyed hiking, reading, and fishing Born in 1874 Died in 1964 Hoover rarely laughed heartily Hoover had a brother named Theodore and a sister named Mary Rumsch, BreAnn. Herbert Hoover. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. Walch, Timothy. "Hoover, Herbert Clark." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id+ar26202085x=herbert+hoover>. Franklin D. Roosevelt By Chloe Chapman 32 President Born 1882 Died 1945 President through 1933-1945 President more than 12 years Gunderson, Megan M. Franklin D. Roosevelt. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. Maney, Patrick J. "Roosevelt, Franklin Delano." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 20 Jan. 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar474800&st=franklin+d+roosevelt>. Harry s. Truman by Max A. peters • Died- 1972 • Born- 1884 • Kids- 1(girl) • Wife- Elizabeth (1885 -1982) • President- 8 years Alonzo, Haby. "Harry Truman." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. Elston, Heidi. Harry S. Truman. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. Dwight D. Eisenhower by Baylee, Peyton, and Sarah • • • • • • • • • • Born: Oct.14,1890 Died: March 28,1969 He served as president for 8 years Eisenhower was the 34th president He was a 5 star General in World War 2 He was apart of the republican party He was at the age of 62 when he first started as president He got married on July 1st ,1916 Eisenhower ran for supreme court judge. John F. Kennedy was right after him. Britton, Tamara L. Dwight D. Eisenhower. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. Elmo, Richardson R. "Eisenhower, Dwight David." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 19 Jan. 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar175440&st=president+eisenhower>. John F Kennedy by Roxanne R Loran He got shot Born May 29,1917 He had 3 children He was president 19611963 Died November22,1963 age46 Age was elected 43 Vice president Lindon B.Jonson Kennedy, John F. John F. Kennedy. Edina, MN: ABDO , 2009. Print.q Lyndon B Johnson BY Daniel • Born 1908 August 27 Dide 1973 •He Beackam Presdant in 1964 •Age 29 he was in the house of poblik Gunderson, Megan M. Lyndon B. Johnson. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. Rulon, Philip R. "Johnson, Lyndon Baines." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar289700&st=lyndon+b.+johnson>. Richard Nixon • Born: January 9, 1913 • Married Thelma Catherine Patricia Ryan • Present: 1969 – 1974 • Resigned from office August 9, 1974 • Died: April 22, 1994 Britton, Tamara L. Richard Nixon. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Gerald R. Ford • Born - July 14, 1913, Omaha, NE • Married Betty Ford • He served in the U.S navy. In 1948 he was elected to be VP for 13 votes . In Aug 9 he succeeded pre. 1976 he lost pre . He died december,26 2006.q Gunderson, Megon M. Gerald R. Ford . Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print.qq Jimmy Carter By Wyatt Burichka Born October 1 1924. Since he was 7 he sold peanuts. Jimmy was governor form 1971-1975 . President 1977-1981 He was the 39 president of the United State. Jimmy is still alive today . Elston, Heidi M. Jimmy Carter. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. Hughes, Sidney. "Jimmy Carter." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar097440&st=jimmy+carter>. Ronald Reagan By EMILY SCHMIDTBERGER • 1911 Ronald Reagan was born February 6. • 1942 he joined the military. • 1952 March 4th he got married • 1980 He got elected to be president. • 2004 he died of a disies. BRITON, TAMRA L. ROALD REAGON. EDINA, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. George H.W. Bush BY. Sierra Hurst George H.W. Bush was elected in 2000 he also completed his active duty with texas air He grew up in texas He was born on july 6 Elston, Heidi M. George H .W. Bush. Edina, MN: ABDO , 2009. Print. Bill Clinton! by: Logan Nugent Served in 1993 to 2001 born on Aug. 19,1946. parents died in a car accident. Parents name are Cassidy Blythe & William Jefferson Blythe III. He ended the cold war in 1995. Runsch, Breann. bill clinton. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. Dumas, Ernest C. "clinton,bill." world book student. 2012 web., 2012. Web. 1 Jan. <www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=arll93is&st=billclinton#backto po>. George W. Bush By: Sydney A. Holiday Born-1946 President-2001-2009 He was the 43rd President Birthday-July 6 Married on-Nov.5 Parents-Barbara & George Children 2 Rumsch, Breann. George W. Bush. Edina Minnesoda , MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. Barack Obama! by: Hunter Crews Obama Barack was the first black president. He was born in Honolulu Hawaii. His mom was born in Hawaii too. He went to school in los Angles. He was born in 1961. He the 44’th president. He got married in 1992. Weller, Jill C. Barack Obama. Edina, MN: ABDO, 2009. Print. Mieczowski, Yanek. "Obama Barack." Wolrd book. World book, 2012. Web. 12 Jan. 2012. <www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id+ar751987and=barackombama+1#h2>. Black History Month Eastside 2nd Grade Classes Mrs. Andre’s Class Mrs. Preston’s Class Mrs. Trotter’s Class Maya Angelou by Josh Caulton • She was born April 4 1928. • She lived in Stamps, Arkansas. • She was a story teller. • She is a famous author. Williams, Andreá N. "Angelou, Maya." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2012. Crispus Attucks BY TANNER and JACK BIRTH 1723 DEATH 1770 WHY HE WAS IMPORTANT HE WAS THE LEDR OF THE PATRIOT CROWD Martin, James Kirby. "Attucks, Crispus." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2012. Ruby Bridges by Sabrina • • • • • Birth September 8 1954 Where they live Tylertown Mississipi Why thay are importent Becase ruby wrote about her first grade experience in Through My Eyes Garrow, David J. "Bridges, Ruby." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2012. Bessie Coleman by Sophie • Bessie was the first black person to fly a plan. • Bessie death was april 30 1926. • Bessie birth was jan 26 1892. Reed, Gretchen. "Coleman, Bessie." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2012. Sam Cooke by Cecilia Bell • Birth :1931. • Death: 1964 • Where he lived: Chicago. • What he did : He helped as a popular style in music. • He was shot and killed in Los Angeles. McKeen, William. "Cooke, Sam." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2012. Frederick Douglass by Alex W. Frederick Douglass born on Feb.1818 . He died on 1895. He lived in Tuckahoe. He talked to Abraham Lincoln about slavery. Scruggs, Otey M. "Douglass, Frederick." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2012. Paul Laurence Dunbar Paul Laurence Dunbar birth: june 27 1872 death: feb 9 1906 Why he was important: he was a author By Drew Trotter Andrews, William L. "Dunbar, Paul Laurence." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2012. Ella Fitzgerald by Cheyanne • 1917 • 1996 • Lived in Yonkers, New York • A singer because she had a pretty voice • She was fame • Her first song was “A Tisket a Tasket.” Cook, Eddie. "Fitzgerald, Ella." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2012. Virginia Hamilton BY Jace Nordeen • Birth1936-2002. • death1936-2002. • where they lived; Yellow Springs, Ohio. • Why are they important because she was an author of children’s book. Wolf, Virginia L. "Hamilton, Virginia." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2012. Langston Hughes by KADENCE HOLMAN Birth IS . 1902 DEATH IS . 1967 WHAT HE DID . HE USE rhythms black music in his poetry Williams, Andreá N. "Hughes, Langston." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2012. Zora Neale Hurston by Logan Greenway Adsit Birth 1891 Death 1960 Where she lived: Eatonville School Barard College What she did: Wrote about African Americans Andrews, William L. "Hurston, Zora Neale." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2012. James Weldon Johnson by Aidan McMinn • Birth: June 17, 1871 • Death: June 26, 1938 • Where they lived: Jacksonville, Florida • What they did: edited news paper, made books, and was a principal • He wrote the lyrics to “The Black National Anthem”. Andrews, William L. "Johnson, James Weldon." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2012. Absalom Jones by Naomi • • • • • Birth 1746 Death Feb 13, 1818 Lived united states Did worked at a store He gave people freedom Little, Lawrence S. "Jones, Absalom." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2012. Lewis Latimer By Catherine Lovera • Birth:1848 • Death:1928 • Invented:Electric lighting Channell, David F. "Latimer, Lewis Howard." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2012. THURGOOD MARSHALL BY SEBASTIEN MCCARTY • July 2 1908 • Jan 24 • He talked on the Supreme Court. Tushnet, Mark. "Marshall, Thurgood." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2012. ELIJAH MCCOY BY BRADY • HE WAS A INVENTOR • HE DIED OCT. 10TH • HE WAS AN ENGINEER Carlson, W. Bernard. "McCoy, Elijah." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2012. Garrett Morgan by Bladin • • • • Born: 1877 Died: 1963 1912 lnvented Gas mask and traffic light Smock, Raymond W. "Morgan, Garrett Augustus." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2012. TONI MORRISON BY CHAILYNN ADMIDIN • Birth: 1987 Feb • Death: 1977 • Where they lived: New york • Did writing important • In 1993 she won Nobel Prize Williams, Andreá N. "Morrison, Toni." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2012. Walter Dean Myers by Calvin Fertig His birth was Aug. 12, 1937. He has written several types of kids books. He is still living today. Carlson, Ann D. "Myers, Walter Dean." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2012. Jerry Pinkney by Abby Klessens • Jerry pinkney was born on December 22 1939. • Won the Caldecott medal for the Lion and the Mouse. • He lived in philadelphia. Cech, John. "Pinkney, Jerry." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2012. Paul Robeson by Jonny • He had birth in 1898. • He died in 1976. • Actor and singer Greenfield, Eloise. "Robeson, Paul." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2012. Jackie Robinson by Andrew.D • Death:OCT.24,1972. • Important:BECAUSE HE WAS A FAMEIS BASEBALL PLAYER. Birth:JAN.31,1919 Milbert, Neil. "Robinson, Jackie." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2012. Phillis Wheatley by Delany Farmer • Born: 1753 • Died: Dec 5\178 • Phills was the first African American poet Loving, Jerome. "Wheatley, Phillis." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2012. Granville Woods by Kenna Holiday • Birth: 1856 • Death :1910 • Where: he lived Columbus Ohio • Where he went to school : self – taught • What he did: railroad engineering • He made it so trains could communicate with one another. Smock, Raymond W. "Woods, Granville T." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2012.