The branch of biology dealing with interactions
among organisms and betweenorganisms and
their environment iscalled
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
economy.
modeling.
recycling.
ecology.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The combined portions of Earth in
which all living things exist is called the
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
biome.
community.
ecosystem.
biosphere.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
All of the members of a particular species
that live in one area are called a(an)
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
biome.
population.
community.
ecosystem.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which of the following descriptions about the
organization of an ecosystem is correct?
1. Communities make up species,
which make up populations.
2. Populations make up species,
which make up communities.
3. Species make up communities,
which make up populations.
4. Species make up populations,
which make up communities.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The simplest grouping of more than one kind
of organism in the biosphere is
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
a population.
a community.
an ecosystem.
a species.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The lowest level of environmental
complexity that includes living and nonliving
factors is the
25% 25%
25%
25%
1. biome.
2. community.
3. ecosystem.
4. biosphere.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
Which of the following is NOT a basic
method used by ecologists to study the
living world?
25% 25%
25%
25%
experimenting
classifying
modeling
observing
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
Which ecological inquiry method is an ecologist using when
he or she enters an area periodically to count the
population numbers of a certain species?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
questioning
observing
experimenting
modeling
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
A mathematical formula designed to predict
population fluctuations in a community could
be called a(an)
25% 25%
25%
25%
1. biological
experiment.
2. biological system.
3. ecological model.
4. ecological
observation.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
Plants are
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
producers.
consumers.
herbivores.
omnivores.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
What is the original source of almost all
the energy in most ecosystems?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
carbohydrates
sunlight
water
carbon
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Figure 3–1
The algae at the beginning of
the food chain in Figure 3–1 are
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
consumers.
decomposers.
producers.
heterotrophs.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
An organism that uses energy to produce its
own food supply from inorganic compounds
is called a(an)
25% 25%
25%
25%
1. heterotroph.
2. consumer.
3. detritivore.
4. autotroph.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
Which of the following organisms
does NOTrequire sunlight to live?
1. chemosynthetic
bacteria
2. algae
3. trees
4. photosynthetic
bacteria
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
An organism that cannot make
its own food is called a(an)
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
heterotroph.
chemotroph.
autotroph.
producer.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
In which way are plants in a sunny mountain
meadow and sulfur bacteria in a deep-sea
volcanic vent alike?
1. They both use photosynthesis
to make their own food.
2. They both produce
carbohydrates and oxygen.
3. They both use chemosynthesis
to produce their own food.
4. They both produce carbon and
hydrogen.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Organisms that obtain nutrients by breaking
down dead and decaying plants and animals
are called
25% 25%
25%
25%
1. decomposers.
2. omnivores.
3. autotrophs.
4. producers.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
What is an organism that feeds
only on plants called?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
carnivore
herbivore
omnivore
detritivore
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
All the interconnected feeding relationships
in an ecosystem make up a food
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
interaction.
chain.
network.
web.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The total amount of living tissue within
a given trophic level is called the
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
organic mass.
trophic mass.
energy mass.
biomass.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
What is an ecological model of the relationships that form a
network of complex interactions among organisms in a
community from producers to decomposers?
25%
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
food web
an ecosystem
food chain
a population
2
3
4
5
1
4
What animals eat both
producers and consumers?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
herbivores
omnivores
chemotrophs
autotrophs
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
What is the term for each step in the transfer
of energy and matter within a food web?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
energy path
food chain
trophic level
food pyramid
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
A bird stalks, kills, and then eats an insect.
Based on its behavior, which ecological
terms describe the bird?
25%
25%
25%
2
3
25%
1. herbivore,
decomposer
2. producer,
heterotroph
3. carnivore, consumer
4. autotroph, herbivore
1
2
3
4
5
1
4
A snake that eats a frog that has eaten
an insect that fed on a plant is a
1. first-level producer.
2. first-level consumer.
3. second-level
producer.
4. third-level consumer.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Figure 3–2
The trophic levels in Figure 3–2
illustrate
1.
the relative amount of energy at
each level.
the amount of living organic matter
at each level.
the relative number of individual
organisms at each level.
that the producers outnumber firstlevel consumers.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
In which way does Figure 3–2 differ
from a typical model of trophic levels?
1.
Second-level consumers outnumber
first-level consumers.
Third-level consumers outnumber
second-level consumers.
First-level consumers outnumber
producers.
First-level consumers outnumber
second-level consumers.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Only 10 percent of the energy stored in an organism can be
passed on to the next trophic level. Of the remaining
energy, some is used for the organism’s life processes, and
the rest is
1. used in
reproduction.
2. stored as body
tissue.
3. stored as fat.
4. eliminated as
heat.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Most of the energy available to a consumer
trophic level is used by organisms for
1.
transfer to the next
trophic level.
respiration, movement,
and reproduction.
producing inorganic
chemical compounds.
performing
photosynthesis.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which type of pyramid shows the amount of
living tissue at each trophic level in an
ecosystem?
25% 25%
25%
25%
1. a numbers
pyramid
2. an energy
pyramid
3. a biomass
pyramid
4. a food pyramid
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
Matter can recycle through the
biosphere because
1. matter is passed out of the
body as waste.
2. matter is assembled into
chemical compounds.
3. biological systems do not use
up matter, they transform it.
4. biological systems use only
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and
nitrogen.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The repeated movement of water between
Earth’s surface and the atmosphere is called
1. the water cycle.
2. the condensation
cycle.
3. precipitation.
4. evaporation.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which of the following is NOT
recycled in the biosphere?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
water
nitrogen
carbon
energy
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
What is the process by whichbacteria
convert nitrogen gas in the air to ammonia?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
nitrogen fixation
excretion
decomposition
denitrification
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Carbon cycles through the biosphere in
all of the following processes EXCEPT
1. photosynthesis.
2. transpiration.
3. burning of fossil
fuels.
4. decomposition of
plants and
animals.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
How is carbon stored in the
biosphere?
1. in the atmosphere as carbon
dioxide
2. undergroundas fossil fuels
and calcium carbonate rock
3. in the oceans as dissolved
carbon dioxide
4. all of the above
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4
Nitrogen fixation is carried out
primarily by
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
humans.
plants.
bacteria.
consumers.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which of the following has a
direct role in the nitrogen cycle?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
bacteria
legumes
decomposers
all of the above
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Organisms need nutrients in
order to
1.
utilize hydrogen and
oxygen.
carry out essentiallife
functions.
recycle chemical
compounds.
carry out nitrogen
fixation.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The movements of energy and nutrients
through living systems are different because
1.
energy flows in one direction
and nutrients recycle.
energy is limited in the
biosphere and nutrients are
always available.
nutrients flow in one direction
and energy recycles.
energy forms chemical
compounds and nutrients are
lost as heat.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Biogeochemical cycling ensures
that
1.
human activity will have no
effect on elements, chemical
compounds, and other forms of
matter.
living organisms will not become
limited in any one nutrient.
nutrients will be circulated
throughout the biosphere.
many nutrients will not reach
toxic concentrations in the
biosphere.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
What can happen after a lake receives
a large input of a limiting nutrient?
1.
2.
An algal bloom occurs.
Algae begin to die and
decomposers take over.
Nitrogen compounds
are recycled.
The concentration of
oxygen drops below the
necessary level.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The rate at which organic matter is created
by producers in an ecosystem is called
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
a limiting nutrient.
fertilization.
an algal bloom.
primary
productivity.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which is most likely to be a limiting
nutrient in a freshwater pond?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
phosphorus
nitrogen
carbon
potassium
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
If a nutrient is in such short supply in an
ecosystem that it affects an animal’s growth,
the
1. animal becomes a
decomposer.
2. substance is a
limiting nutrient.
3. nutrient leaves the
food chain.
4. ecosystem will not
survive.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
An ecologist who is studying the relationships among the
dominant communities in a geographical region is studying
an ecosystem. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
A biome is a group of ecosystems that have the
same climate and similar dominant communities.
_________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Ecologists use tools such as binoculars and
microscopes to model changes in the environment.
_________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Ecologists can make predictions using
ecological models.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Producers release carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere duringthe process of photosynthesis.
_________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Some autotrophs obtain their energy from
hydrogen sulfide to produce carbohydrates.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Animals that feed on plants are
calledproducers.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
The passage of energy from one organism to another
according to a particular feeding sequence is called a food
chain. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
In an ecological pyramid, the biomass of
organisms increases at each successive
level. _________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Only about 10 percent of the energy in a trophic
level is available to organisms at the next trophic
level. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Only about 15 calories are available to a
chickenfrom 1500 calories of grain.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Scientists classify the nitrogen, carbon, and
water cycles as biogeochemical cycles.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
The biosphere actively cycles less than 1 percent of all the
carbon on Earth, even though carbonis the key ingredient
in all living systems. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Aquatic ecosystems can receive a large input of a
limiting nutrient from the runoff from heavily
fertilized fields. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
A lake that is protected from receiving the runoff
from a cultivated field is likely to remain a healthy
ecosystem. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Participant Scores
0
0
Participant 1
Participant 2
0
0
0
Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5
The study of interactions among organisms and
between organisms and their physical
surroundings is called ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Figure 3–3
Ecologists make ____________________ to
study large-scale phenomena, such as
Earth’s water cycle shown in Figure 3–3.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
In the water cycle shown in Figure 3–3, the
process of _________________________ occurs
between evaporation and precipitation.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The water shown flowing over land in Figure
3–3 is called ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The use of radio tags, satellites, and microscopes
are all techniques employed in the basicecological
research method of ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Autotrophs capture energy from sunlight or
____________________ to produce food.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Plant-eating animals such as cows are
called ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Organisms that break down organic matter
and return it to the environment are called
____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Figure 3–1
Of the organisms represented in Figure 3–1, the organisms
in the oceans with the smallest total biomass are most
likely the ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The organisms in the greatest numbers in
Figure 3–1 are the
____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
In a four-level energy pyramid, if the first level contains 500
calories of energy, the third level will contain approximately
____________________ calories.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Ground water, when taken up by the roots of
plants, eventually reenters the atmosphere by the
process of _________________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The chemical substances that an organism
requires to live are called
____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Living organisms require nitrogen to make
____________________, which are used to
build proteins.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Phosphorus is a key ingredient of ____________________
because farmers know that it forms part of the energyproducing molecules that plants require in order to grow.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What and where is the
biosphere?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Explain the ecological
significance of interdependence.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Figure 3–1
Using Figure 3–1, explain the relationship
between sharks and the sun.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Describe the role of algae
illustrated in Figure 3–1.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Compare and contrast photosynthetic
producers with chemosynthetic producers.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Describe the flow of energy among the following
members of an ecosystem: decomposers,
autotrophs, heterotrophs, and the sun.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Why are decomposers the final
consumers in every food chain?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Consider a food web in which snakes eat mice; toads eat beetles; owls
eat mice and toads; eagles eat rabbits, snakes, and owls; cougars eat
deer; and foxes eat rabbits and mice. What animal occupies (gets
energy in) more than one trophic level? Explain
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Figure 3–2
Describe the flow of energy to the owl in
Figure 3–2 if the tree provides 1500 calories
of energy to the insects.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What is the most likely explanation for why Figure
3–2 shows only one organism at its base? In what
way would an energy diagram be different?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Compare the movement of energy in the
biosphere with the movement of matter
through the biosphere.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Figure 3–3
Using Figure 3–3, trace the path of water
that leaves a lake through evaporation, and
describe how it might return to the lake.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Explain how seepage and transpiration
in Figure 3–3 are related.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Explain how the biogeochemical cycling of
oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen are
important to living systems.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What events typically contribute to
an algal bloom in a lake or ocean?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Explain how ecological models
are used by ecologists.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Describe the two sources of
energy that fuel life on Earth.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How does a food web differ from
a food chain?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Describe the flow of energy from the sun through
living systems. How does each organism in the
energy flow relate to the sun?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Describe the three types of
ecological pyramids.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Describe the roles of bacteria in
the nitrogen cycle.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How might a large input of phosphorus
affect a freshwater lake over time?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Would you receive more energy from corn by eating it
directly or by eating the same mass of beef from a cow that
had been fed on corn? Explain your reasoning
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Describe the biological significance of the
carbon cycle. Where is carbon found in the
biosphere?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
A farmer harvests a crop of corn from a large field. He then plants
beans, which are legumes, in that same field. Once the beans are
growing well, the farmer plows them back into the soil to decay. What
would be the advantage of plowing the bean plants back into the soil?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5