Today's Agenda
Bellwork
Announcements
Questions
Bellwork Review
Group Work
Socratic Discussion
Assessment/Closure
Our Standard Today
W.6 Describe the growth of population, rural to urban
migration, and growth of cities. (C, E, G)
W.7 Explain the connections among natural resources,
entrepreneurship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy
including the reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in
England. (E, G, H)
W.8 Write an informative piece analyzing the emergence of
capitalism as a dominant economic pattern and the
responses to it, including Utopianism, Social Democracy,
Socialism and Communism, Adam Smith, Robert Owen, and
Karl Marx. (C, E, H, P)
Our Objective
Industrial Revolution 1750-1914
We will analyze the emergence and effects of
the Industrial Revolution in England,
France, Germany, Japan, and the United
States.
Cities begin to Form
http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa
011201a.htm
Production begins to grow
Industrial Revolution, 1700 - 1900
The Industrial
Revolution
begins in Britain,
spreads to other
countries, and
has a strong
impact on
economics,
politics, and
society.
Why Industrial Revolution
Began in England (mid 1700s)
Industrialization—move to
machine production of goods
Britain has natural resources—
coal, iron, rivers, harbors
Britain has all needed factors of
production—land, labor, capital
Britain has political stability
Inventions Spur Industrialization
Changes in the Textile Industry
Weavers work faster with flying shuttles and
spinning jennies
Water frame, power loom, speed production
Factories—buildings that contain machinery for
manufacturing
Improvements in Transportation
James Watt’s Steam Engine
Need for cheap, convenient power
spurs
development of steam engine
Watt is #25 on Millennium List
Water Transportation
Robert Fulton builds first
steamboat; England’s water
transport improved by canals
The Railway Age Begins
Steam-Driven Locomotives
1804, first steam-driven locomotive
1825, first railroad line
Railroads Revolutionize Life in Britain
Railroads spur industrial growth, create jobs
Cheaper transportation boosts many
industries;
people move to cities
George Stephenson's Rocket locomotive. Photograph, 19th century.
Industrialization Case Study: Manchester
Factories pay more than farms, spur demand for more
expensive goods
Urbanization—city-building and movement of people to cities
Factory pollution fouls air, poisons river
Sickness widespread in urban slums; lack sanitary and building
codes
Working Conditions
Average working day 14 hours for 6 days a week
Dirty, poorly lit factories injure workers
Many coal miners killed by coal dust
Children as young as 6 work in factories; many are injured
The job of this young "tipple boy"
was to unload coal cars by tipping
them over. Photograph. West
Virginia, Lewis Hine.
Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Immediate Benefits
Creates jobs, enriches nation, encourages technological
progress
Education expands, clothing cheaper, diet and housing improve
Workers eventually win shorter hours, better wages and
conditions
Long-Term Effects
Improved living and working conditions still evident today
Governments use increased tax revenues for
urban improvements
The industrialization that begins in Great Britain spreads
to other parts of the world.
Industrialization in the United States
Begins in early 19th century but picks up post-Civil War. U.S.
has natural and labor resources needed to industrialize
Troubles in Continental Europe
Revolution and Napoleonic wars disrupted early 19th-century
economy
Eventually, Belgium, Germany, Northern Italy, and France
industrialize
The Impact of Industrialization
Rise of Global Inequality
Wealth gap widens; non-industrialized countries fall further behind
European nations, U.S., Japan exploit colonies for resources
Imperialism spreads due to need for raw materials, markets
Transformation of Society
Europe and U.S. gain economic power African and Asian
economies lag, based on agriculture and crafts.
Rise of middle class strengthens democracy, calls for social reform
The Industrial Revolution leads to economic,
social, and political reforms
Charles Dickens: From Poor
House to Mansion
Charles Dickens’s childhood
experience as a factory worker
influenced his writing and
helped bring about reform
during the Industrial
Revolution.
The Philosophers of Industrialization
Laissez faire—economic policy of not interfering
with businesses
Originates with Enlightenment economic
philosophers
Adam Smith—defender of free markets, author of
The Wealth of Nations
Believes economic liberty guarantees economic
progress
Economic natural laws—self-interest, competition,
supply and demand
Mercantilism vs Free Market
1500-1776
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bouw3MvmrYM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUco5NSAiRI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LCRNI04tnN8\
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZhWgDVS-AdA
The Economists of Capitalism
Thomas Malthus & David Ricardo boost laissez-faire
capitalism
Capitalism—system of privately owned businesses
seeking profits
The Rise of Socialism
Utilitarianism
Jeremy Bentham’s utilitarianism—judge
things by their usefulness
John Stuart Mill favors regulation to help
workers, spread wealth
Socialism
Socialism—factors of production owned by,
operated for the people
Socialists think government control can end
poverty, bring equality
Marxism: Radical Socialism
Karl Marx—German journalist proposes a
radical Socialism
Friedrich Engels—German whose father
owns a Manchester textile mill
The Communist Manifesto
Marx and Engels believe society is divided
into warring classes
Capitalism helps “haves,” the employers
known as the bourgeoisie
Hurts “have-nots,” the workers known as the
Proletariat. Marx, Engels predict the workers
will overthrow the owners
The Future According to Marx
Marx believes that capitalism will eventually
destroy itself
Inequality would cause workers to revolt,
seize factories and mills
Communism—society where people own,
share the means of production
Marx’s ideas later take root in Russia,
China, Cuba
Video Time
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3S
WZEawf8ag
The “Industrial” Revolution Today
Smaller, More Powerful Computers
Computer components miniaturized due partly to space
program
Computers can fit in hands, instead of needing a whole
room
Computers now commonplace in factories, offices, vehicles,
homes
Bill Gates, #41 on Millennium List
Communications Network
Internet—linkage of computer networks spanning the world
Internet use soars from 26 to 600 million people from 1995–
2002
Internet greatly affects business, speeding up flow of
information
Technology Revolutionizes the
World’s Economy
Advances in Industry
Progress in science leads to new industries
Technological advances change industrial
processes
Production costs are lower; quality and speed
of production increase
Information Industries Change Economies
New technologies reduce need for factory
workers
Using computers, information industries enjoy
great growth
The Effects of New Economies
Post-war boom benefits many nations;
causes shifts in economic bases
Developed nations—nations with
advanced business infrastructures
Emerging nations—nations in the process
of becoming industrialized
Manufacturing moves to emerging nations
with cheap, eager labor
Information industries multiply in developed
nations
FYI: In August 2010, after three decades of spectacular growth,
China passed Japan to become the world’s second-largest
economy behind the United States.
Experts say unseating Japan—and in recent years passing
Germany, France and Great Britain—underscores China’s
growing clout and bolsters forecasts that China will pass the
United States as the world’s biggest economy as early as 2030.
America’s gross domestic product (GDP) was $14 trillion in
2009.
Video Time
Your Generation versus My Generation
Our Standard Today
W.6 Describe the growth of population, rural to urban
migration, and growth of cities. (C, E, G)
W.7 Explain the connections among natural resources,
entrepreneurship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy
including the reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in
England. (E, G, H)
W.8 Write an informative piece analyzing the emergence of
capitalism as a dominant economic pattern and the
responses to it, including Utopianism, Social Democracy,
Socialism and Communism, Adam Smith, Robert Owen, and
Karl Marx. (C, E, H, P)
Our Objective
Industrial Revolution 1750-1914
We will analyze the emergence and effects of
the Industrial Revolution in England,
France, Germany, Japan, and the United
States.