Migration
T Parson – Allerton Grange
Aims
and objectives
• To understand the term migration.
• To be able to describe the different types of
migration.
• Recognise the ‘push and pull’ factors that
encourage people to move.
• To be able to apply these to a case study area.
What is migration ?
The movement of persons from one country
or locality to another.
However !!
This migration definition can be more specific
• Permanent migration
• Semi-permanent migration
• Seasonal migration
• Daily migration
Migration can also be either voluntary or forced
Task 1
•
You are about to see a series of definitions which you
must match to the terms I have given you.
These are :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
International migration
Forced migration
Seasonal regional migration
Voluntary migration
Permanent migration
Daily migration
•
Think carefully about the individual words and what they
mean, this will help you.
Meanings
• Anna decides to leave her home town for good and
move to a new area.
• Mr Smith moves from Taiwan to Cyprus.
• Rana and her family have to leave Iraq because of
the war.
• Jane is happy in Leeds but decides to move to
Cambridge for a new job and better standard of
living.
• Peter travels from Guilford to London each day to
go to work.
• Ian moves to Limassol every summer to work in the
tourist area.
How did
you do?
?
1. International migration
Mr Smith moves from Taiwan to Cyprus
2. Forced migration
Rana and her family have to leave Iraq because of the war
3. Seasonal regional migration
Ian moves to Limassol every summer from Pafos to work in
the tourist area.
4. Voluntary migration
Jane is happy in Leeds but decides to move to Cambridge
for a new job and better standard of living.
5. Permanent migration
Anna decides to leave her home town for good and move to
a new area.
6. Daily migration
Peter travels from Guilford to London each day to go to
work.
Why do people move ?
People move for a variety of different reasons but they can be
classified into two different groups :
Push factors
Encourage people to leave there home area
Why do people move ?
Pull factors
Attract people into an area
‘Push and pull’ factor :
task 2
On your own or in pairs try to list as many push and pull
factors as you can, remember :
Push factors encourage people to leave there home area
Pull factors attract people to an area
Set your work out in a table like the one below
Push factors
e.g. Famine
Pull factors
e.g. Jobs
How did you do ?
Push factors
Pull factors
e.g. Famine
e.g. Jobs
•War
•Drought / flood
•Lack of jobs
•Overpopulation
•Few facilities
•Few schools
•Political persecution
•Overpopulation
•Better houses
•More schools
•Better entertainment
•Health care
•Better standard of
living
•Better climate
•Cleaner/safe
environment
Case study : Cairo,
Egypt
Life in Egypt.
Cairo, like other LEDC’s, is experiencing large scale rural to urban migration,
people are moving to the city for an improved standard of living.
Read the paragraph below about a family living in Egypt.
Ramzy, his wife and three children used to live in the Libyan desert, the conditions are
harsh. With temperatures reaching 55 degrees centigrade and rainfall being scarce.
Farming is Ramzys only possible employment but there is not enough water and
irrigation is impossible. Money is hard to come by as there are few jobs. The only
relatively clean water comes from a well. Ramzy and his wife often become sick,
they have also lost one child through disease from drinking the water.
Ramzy had to move to the city of Cairo, his other children were becoming ill and he had
no money. Cairo is further North and therefore the climate is more bearable. There are
many more opportunities for employment in factories and other sectors of industry.
Because of the Nile River the land is more fertile and the land can be irrigated. There
are schools so Ramzy’s children have a better chance of becoming educated and earning
higher salaries. When Ramzy’s children get sick there is a doctor just around the corner.
Ramzy and his family now live in a small house and enjoy a better standard of living.
Cairo : Rural – urban
migration in a LEDC.
Cairo is a city of contrast and home to more than 18 million people.
Chaotic, noisy, polluted, yet full of culture and history, you’ll either
love or hate it.
The high population density and lack of room to move throws up
differences: mud-brick houses and towering modern office buildings,
flashy cars and donkey-drawn carts.
The people of Egypt have to deal with harsh conditions and
sometimes have no alternative than to move from the rural
(countryside) areas to the urban (city) areas.
Area: 214 sq km
Population: 18.5 million
Task 3
Read the paragraph again and try to label
the type of migration. Also pick out the
push and pull factors that have affected
Ramzy and his family.
Life in Egypt.
Cairo, like other LEDC’s, is experiencing large scale rural to urban migration,
people are moving to the city for an improved standard of living.
Read the paragraph below about a family living in Egypt.
Ramzy, his wife and three children used to live in the Libyan desert, the conditions are
Harsh, the temperature could reach 55 degrees and there is hardly any rain.
Farming is Ramzys only possible employment but there is not enough water and
irrigation is impossible. Money is hard to come by as there are few jobs. The only
relatively clean water comes from a well. Ramzy and his wife often become sick,
they have also lost one child through disease from drinking the water.
Ramzy had to move to the city of Cairo, his other children were becoming ill and he had
no money. Cairo is further North and therefore the climate is more bearable. There are
many more opportunities for employment in factories and other sectors of industry.
Because of the Nile River the land is more fertile and the land can be irrigated. There
are schools so Ramzy’s children have a better chance of becoming educated and earning
higher salaries. When Ramzy’s children get sick there is a doctor just around the corner.
Ramzy and his family now live in a small house and enjoy a better standard of living.
How did
you do?
?
This is an example of forced /
voluntary rural –urban migration.
Push factors
Pull factors
•Desert
•Water for
irrigation
•Poor soils
•Little rain
•Disease
•Little health care
•No education
•No employment
•Clean drinking
water
•Jobs
•Climate
•Fertile soils
•Better standard
of living
•Schools
However there are
problems.
With so many people wanting to improve their standard of
living cities, especially in LEDC’s, are growing rapidly
(urbanisation). The cities cannot cope with the mass
migration from the rural areas. This is a major problem !!
Over 40% of Egypt's population now live in Cairo, the population density
in many areas is above 100, 000 per km2. There is nowhere lift to build
other than the rooftops and over 4 million live in the City of the Dead
(ancient cemeteries).
Cairo's problems
Problems
As cities grow there are many problems. In Cairo they include:
•Traffic congestion – 1.5 million cars lead to air pollution. The older
parts cannot accommodate cars, taxis and lorries.
•Rubbish is collected by carts and sorted on the edge of the city.
•Lack of housing as more people arrive from the countryside.
•Sewage in the street as the sewerage system breaks down.
•Water supplies do not reach all parts of the city and the pipe work is
old and breaks down.
•Electricity not available throughout the city.
Images
of Cairo’s
problems
However there are
solutions to Cairo's
problems
Solutions
•Help with irrigation projects in the countryside to help produce more
crops. This will help provide jobs and encourage people to stay in the
countryside.
•Land reform where people are able to own their own land rather than
work for a landlord.
•Provide people with low cost housing on the edge of Cairo .
•New towns have been built around Cairo . These are often called
satellite towns such as 10th of Ramadan. They contain up to 1 million
people and provide work and housing. Built in desert areas they
encourage people to move away from Cairo . However, the poor
migrants cannot afford the housing. Furthermore some people
commute to Cairo every day so problems are not eased in the capital.
Task 4 : Problems and
solutions to Cairo's rapid
urbanisation
list as many problems as you can think of that would
occur in Cairo as a result of migration.
Once you have done this try to think of possible
solutions to the problems you have described.
Summary
• Migration is simply defined as being - The movement of
persons from one country or locality to another. However
definitions can be more specific (seasonal, daily for
example).
• Push factors encourage people to leave there home area
(war, drought for example).
• Pull factors attract people to an area (jobs, education for
example).
• Egypt is experiencing rapid rural-urban migration like other
LEDCs, therefore these cities are urbanising too rapidly and
this is causing problems.
Other images of Egypt
The Nile
The Sphinx
The Pyramids
The desert environment
http://www.flickr.com/photos/onthefly/172928137/ - picture slide 1
http://www.flickr.com/photos/peggycollins/2597798134/ - picture slide 7
http://www.flickr.com/photos/amsterdamned/1011990343/ - picture slide 2-22
http://www.flickr.com/photos/v1v14n415c4/2680586592/ - picture slide 8
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ooyooy/9819203/ - map slide 11
http://www.flickr.com/photos/twose/472802055/ - picture slide 14
http://www.flickr.com/photos/petergutierrez/364628408/ - picture slide 17
http://www.flickr.com/photos/korayem/2451906200/ - picture slide 19
http://www.flickr.com/photos/perfex/1138278533/ - picture slide 19
http://www.flickr.com/photos/haberlah/39522043/ - picture slide 19
http://www.flickr.com/photos/photo_art_by_barry/2300047687/ - picture slide23
http://www.flickr.com/photos/quimgranell/2633793842/ - picture slide 23
http://www.flickr.com/photos/marceloruiz/2110199075/ - picture slide 23
http://www.flickr.com/photos/andzer/1480068258/ - picture slide 23