PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8th B
•FISH IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT SOURCE OF FOOD FOR MAN SINCE
SEVERAL THOUSANDS OF YEARS.
•FISHES ARE THE BEST SOURCE OF PROTIEN AS THEY HAVE 15 TO 25%
PROTEIN CONTENT IN THEIR MEAT .
•FISH MEAT IS ALSO A GOOD SOURCES FOR VITAMIN A AND D ESSENTIAL
FATTY ACIDS CALLED UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS.
•FISH MEAT IS EASILY DIGESTIBLE PROMOTS GROWTH AND IS HIGH
BIOLOGICAL VALUE.
•GROWING FISHES IN LARGE NUMBERS IS CALLED “PISICULUTURE”.
•DEPENDING ON THE REGION AND SEASON A WIDE VARIETY OF FISH ARE
AVAILABLEIN OUR COUNTRY.
•FISHES FOUND IN RIVERS, LAKES AND POUNDS ARE CALLED
“FRESH WATER FISHES”.
•FISHES LIVING IN THE SEA ARE CALLED “MARINE FISHES “.
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8th B
FRESH WATER FISHES
Scientific name
Catla catla
Labeo rohita
Cyrrhinus mrigala
Anabas sarova
Cyprinus carpio
Waluga attu
Tilapia
mossambica
Channa punctata
Common name
Boche
Rohu;Erragandu
Erramosu
Pedda boche
Waluga
Matta gidasa
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8th B
CHANNA PUNCTATA
CYPRINUS CARPIO
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8th B
LABEO ROHITA
TILAPIA MOSSAMBICA
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8th B
MARINE FISHES
Scientific Name
Common Name
Rostrelliger kanagurta
kanagurta
Sardinella longiceps
Nune kavallu
Horpodon neherius
Vanamatta
Hilsa hilsa
Polasa
Lactarius lactarius
Sudumu
Scoliodon
Sora [Shark]
Trichiuris lepturus
Savallu [Ribbon Fish]
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8th B
HORPODON NEHERIUS
ROSTRELLIGER KANAGURTA
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8th B
HILSA HILSA
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8th B
•
IN OLDEN DAYS , TRADITIONAL METHODS HAVE BEEN
EMPLOYED TO
CATCH THE FISH
• THESE OLD METHODS ARE UNABLE TO MEET THEDEMANDS OF
EVERINCREASING POPULATION AND OF THE EXPORT MARKETS.
• NOW-A-DAYS , MODERN METHODS ARE USED TO CATCH THE
FISHES LIKE MECHANIZED BOATS , STRONG NYLON NETS.
• GROWING OF FISHES IN RICE FIELDS IS ALSO MORE COMMON
IN VILLAGES.
• FISH PRODUCTION IS CONSIDERED AS SECOND CROP
• THE PRIMARY CROP IS RICE FIELDS.
• TWO MAIN STAGES IN FISH FARMING ARE ;
1. BREEDING & COLLECTION OF EGGS.
2. HATCHING OF EGGS & REARING OF FISH.
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8th B
•MOST OF THE FISHES DO NOT BREED IN STAGNANT WATER LIKE
PONDS, LAKES & RESERVOIRS & PREFER TO BREED IN THEIR
NATURAL HABITATFLOWING WATER AS RIVERS .
•SOME FISHES PRODUCE THOUSANDS OF EGGS WHICH STICK TO
EACH OTHER FORMING A LARGE MASS THAT SETTLES DOWN TO
THE BOTTOM OF THE RIVER SUCH EGG MASSES CAN BE
COLLECTED FROM RIVERS WITH EASE.
•SOME FISHES PRODUCE EGGS WHICH DO NOT STICK TO EACH
OTHER , EACH EGG SETTLES DOWN INDIVIDUALLY ON THE
BOTTOM OF RIVER & IT IS DIFFICULT TO COLLECT EGGS.
•ADULT FISH WHICH ARE READY FOR BREEDING ARE CALLED
“BREDERS”.
•WHEN THE MONSOON SETS IN , THE FISH START BREEDING &
THE EGGS ARE LAID IN THE POND, THEY(EGGS) ARE COLLECTED
FROM THE POND.
•OTHERWISE THE EGGS ARE ALLOWED TO HATCH IN THE POND
& THE “SPAWN” ARE COLLECTED.
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8th B
•ADULT FISHES ARE MADE TO BRED IN ARTIFICIAL CONDITIONS IN
SPECIALLY DESIGNED CHAMBERS, IS CALLED “INDUCE BREEDING”.
•INDUCED BREEDING IS THE BEST METHOD TO COLLECT EGGS FROM
FISHES & ALSO EXTRACT OF PITUITARY GLAND INJECTED INTO THE
FISHES, THEN RELEASED INTO SMALL TANKS WITH FLOWING WATER.
•PITUITARY EXTRAT INDUCES THE RELEASE OF EGGS FROM FEMALE &
SPERMS FROM MALE FISH .
•AFTER SOMETIME, THE FISHES ARE TAKEN OUT THEIR ABDOMEN IS
DRESSED GENTLY & SPERMS(CALLED MILT) & EGGS ARE COLLECTED.
•THEY ARE TRANSFERRED TO A CLEAN BASIN OF WATER & MIXED WELL
TO ALLOW FERTILISATION .
AFTER FERTILISATION EGGS ARE COLLECTED THEY ARE TRANSFERRED
TO PONDS & ALLOWED TO HATCH.
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8th B
•EGGS COLLECTED BY THE ABOVE MATHODS MAY BE GROWN IN NATURAL
CONDITIONS IN A POND OR IN INCUBATORS.
•A CONTINOUS SUPPLY OF FLOWING WATER IS MAINTENED.
•THIS MAINTAINS PROPER OXYGEN LEVELS & HELPS TO REMOVE THE
WASTE MATERIAL .
•SIZE OF THE POND OR INCUBATOR , AMOUNT & CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
OF WATER & OTHER CONDITIONS ARE DIFFERENT FOR DIFFERENT TYPES
OF FISHES & THEIR EGGS.
•DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF FISH , DIFFERENT TIME PERIODS ARE
REQUIRED FOR THE EGGS TO COMPLETE THE DEVELOPMENT &
YOUNGONES TO HATCH OUT, THAT FISH IS VERY SMALL MEANS “FEW MM”
IN LENGTH.
•THEY TRANSFERRED TO PONDS & MAINTAINEDTILL THEY GROW TO
THE REQUIRED SIZE.
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8th B
DEPTH
METRES
NURSERY
POND
1.2 TO 1.5 M
AREA
HECTARES
SIZE OF THE
FISH
0.02 TO 0.8 H
5.6MM -30 MM
REARING
POND
UP TO 2 M
UPTO 0.1 H
30 MM – 100
MM
STOCKING
POND
2.5 M
UPTO 2. 0 H
100 MM TO
MAXIMUM SIZE
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8th B
THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT AS THE ENTIRE ECONOMY OF THE FISH FARM
DEPENDS ON THE SITE WHERE THE POND IS CONSTRUCTED .
THE SOIL IN THE POND MUST BE ABLE TO HOLD WATER .
AMONG DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOILS, CLAY SOIL IS BEST SUITED AS IT
ABSORBS & HOLDS WATER.AN IDEAL SITE FOR A FISH FARM WOULD BE
A GENTLY SLOPING LAND WITH HIGH BANKING ON THREE SITES & AN
OUTLET ONE SIDE.
THIS SAVES A LOT OF EXPENDITURE BY CLOSING OR OPENING OUTLET ,
WATER CAN BE RETAINED TO THE DESIRE LEVEL OR DEPTH
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8th B
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8th B
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8th B
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8th B
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8th B
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8th B
PRIYANKA & MADHAVI 8th B