Cold War:
Tension and Détente
(1963 - 1979)
“hot-line” established (1963)
after the Cuban Missile Crisis
Kennedy and Khrushchev established
the Moscow-Washington hot-line
a direct link of communication
between USA and USSR
began as teletypes not the red
phone myth
text not voice
marked the beginning of détente
still in use
Détente
a period marked by the reduction of tensions between
the USA and the USSR
would last until 1979
Partial Nuclear Test Ban
Treaty (1963)
USA, USSR
limited nuclear
testing in the
atmosphere, under
water, and in outer
space
Outer Space Treaty (1967)
banned nuclear tests in outer space
Prague Spring (1968)
Czechoslovakia
Alexander Dubcek
“socialism with a human face”
rights and freedoms (i.e. free speech)
this led to open criticism of communism
Soviet Union sent in 500,000 troops, 7500 tanks, 1000
aircraft (met with passive resistance)
Dubcek was replaced
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Brezhnev Doctrine
the USSR had the right to determine when
intervention might be necessary in order to
preserve socialism and protect against
counter-revolution within the Eastern bloc
Nuclear Non-Proliferation
Treaty (1968)
“nuclear
club”
USA,
USSR,
Britain,
(France,
China)
Seabed Treaty (1971)
•
banned nuclear tests in the seabed
Biological Weapons
Convention (1972)
banned the production and use of biological
weapons
SALT I (1972)
Nixon, Brezhnev
Strategic Arms
Limitation Talks
agreement
MAD (Mutually Assured
Destruction)
Deterrence
Balance of Power
Helsinki Accord (1975)
35 European and North American countries
“Questions Relating to Security in Europe” (clarified
borders in Europe)
“Cooperation in the Fields of Economics, of Science
and Technology, and of the Environment”
(environmental issues)
“Cooperation in Humanitarian and Other Fields
(human rights)
Invasion of Afghanistan
(1979-89)
•
•
•
USSR invaded
Afghanistan
similar to USA
involvement in Vietnam
end of détente
SALT II (1979)
Strategic
Arms
Limitation
Talks II
was not
ratified
because of
the Soviet
invasion of
Afghanistan
“Solidarity” (1980)
Solidarity, a trade union, is born in Poland - led by
Lech Walesa
How does this conflict with communism?
START I (1981)
Strategic
Arms
Reduction
Talks
not ratified
until 1991
SDI (1983)
Strategic Defense Initiative
“Star Wars”
Ronald Reagan
Domino Theory II (1983+)
USA involved in Central America
Grenada
El Salvador
Panama
Nicaragua