CJSC “Research Institute “ROSBIO”
MARINE BIORESOURCES –
PERSPECTIVE RAW-MATERIAL
BASE OF THE BIOFUEL
INDUSTRY
1
 Biodiesel
represents methyl (less
often ethyl) ethers of fatty acids
and is a perspective substitute for
traditional hydrocarbon fuel. Raw
materials for production of
biodiesel are vegetable oils, foodindustry wastes and waste oils
used for cooking.
2
Benefits of Biodiesel








- High cetane number (average 45,8-56,9 units)
- High flash point (above +100)
- Good lubricating property
- Absence of sulfur and aromatic hydrocarbons
- Low toxicity of emissions
- Virtually complete biodegradability (99%
biodiesel are destroyed in water or soil for 28
days)
- Zero balance of greenhouse gases
3
4
Production of biodiesel
5
6
Production of biodiesel
by the regions of the world
70 % - EU
20 % - the USA
10 % - other countries
7
8
Features of consumption of
biodiesel



The main consumers are Germany, Great
Britain, France, Austria, Spain
National biodiesel programs are started
more than in 20 countries
Three of four liters of diesel fuel sold in EU
contain biodiesel. The obligatory share of
biofuel is 5,75 % in 2010, 20 % by 2020
9
10
11
Biodiesel raw-material base
12
Sown areas for the production
of vegetable oils for biodiesel
(worldwide)


Today - 1 % (14 mln ha)
By the year 2030 - 2,5 % (35 mln ha)
13
Raw material
Sesame
Sunflower
Peanut
Rape
Olive
Jatropha
Avocado
Palm-oil
Algae
Soya
Flax
Liters of oil from 1 hectare
696
952
1059
1190
1212
1818
2638
5950
95000
446
478
14
15
16
The volume of requirements of Russia in raw
materials for substitution of diesel fuel with biodiesel
in 2010-2015, million tons
Raw
material
Rape
Sunflower
The required volume at
The required volume at 5
100 % substitution of diesel % substitution of diesel fuel
fuel with biodiesel
with biodiesel
2010
2015
2010
2015
138.1
155.9
6.9
7.8
169.5
191.4
8.5
9.6
The need for crop area to meet the
requirements of biodiesel at 5% is added
to the fuel oil will be 12.5 million hectares
17
Producton and cost price of
biodiesel
18
Material balance of biodiesel
19
Cost of biodiesel production in some
European countries
Сountry
Germany
Baltic States
Hungary
Poland
Slovakia
Cost, Euro/l
0.50-0.64
0.41-0.42
0.65
0.75
0.70
The price of rape in Germany is 450 EUROS per ton
20
Production cost of biodiesel in various countries
in 2008
Type of Biodiesel
India (Jatropha)
U.S. (soybean)
EU (rape)
Russia (rape)
Dollars per gallon
of biodiesel
2.74
3.20
3.26
1.50
Dollars per gallon
gasoline equivalent
2.97
3.33
3.54
1.65
The price of rape in Russia - 240 euros per ton
21
Optimal raw material in terms of yield of biodiesel for
the climatic conditions of Russia is considered rape,
the worst performance in sunflower. However, the
collection of these crops in Russia is low, causing
shortages and price increases. In 2015, to ensure that
domestic demand for biodiesel under the condition of
a 5% replacement required 6.9 million tons of
rapeseed (10 times higher than the collection in 2009)
or 8.5 million tons of sunflower (1.3 times higher than
the collection in 2009, taking into account that all
volume of sunflower is chosen by oil produces).
22
Marine bioresources represent a new source of raw materials
competitive advantages relative of biodiesel from vegetable raw
material (rape):
1. Preservation of arable land
2. Year-round production of raw
materials.
3. Renewable source of raw material is
weed species of fish and fish processing
waste.
4. Ability to self-reliance in the
areas of fishing vessels
23
Use of marine resources solves the
problem of energy security
-
-
Autonomy from power and heat of mediumsized cities, military bases, providing the
rolling stock of the Armed Forces and
Ministry of Emergencies in remote regions
of Russia.
Supply ships and drilling platforms offshore
of the Arctic Ocean.
Resource of mesopelagic fish
North - East Atlantic 10.000.000 tons
North - West Atlantic
1.000.000 tons
South - East Atlantic
1.000.000 tons
Antarctic Atlantic
8.000.000 tons
25
The forecasts of catches of marine
and freshwater hydrobionts
(mesopelagic fish) of the Russian
sector and sectors of the U.S., EU,
China and Japan are no
information. Probably fishing for
those aquatic bioresources is not
maintained.
26
Source of raw materials
Vegetable oils
Cod-liver oil
91.39 million tons
Global
About 10 million tons
per year
volumes
per
year
91 million tons of
About 10 million tons of
biodiesel per year
biodiesel per year
Growth in
pros
Farming lands are not
profitability of
used, summer and
agriculture
winter diesel
Use of agricultural
cons
Raw materials must be
land,
extracted at sea and
Only summer diesel
transported to land
Southern
Regions of Sakhalin, Kamchatka,
agricultural areas
biodiesel Kuril Islands, Murmansk
Region, Magadan
region.
27
Flow diagram of the plant for production
of biodiesel from fish oil
28
Material balance of biodiesel
Weed fish 4160 kg
Lipids 1040 kg + 114 kg Methanol + KOH 19 kg
Transesterification
Biodiesel 1000 kg
Crude glycerin 100 kg
29
Economic indicators
The annual catch
40.000 tons, price ≈ $ 1 million
oil
10.000 tons of cod-liver oil
1 ton of cod-liver oil / 100$
70% of cost is raw materials
1 ton of marine diesel
at sea / $ 760
1 ton of biodiesel ≈ 150 -200 $
1 kg ≈ 0,15 - 0,20 $
1 кг = 0,76 $
Characteristics of biofuel from
different raw materials
Fuel parameters
Flash point, C
Cetane number
Ash,%
Sulphur content, mg / kg
Price, thous.rubles / ton
Diesel oil
40-62
45
0,01
0,2
23 (at sea)
marine biodiesel
120
51
--6 (at sea)
31
Refueling of ships and vessels at sea is
carried out with the tankers
Production of biodiesel directly on the ships dramatically
increases their independence and reduces the need for
tankers
32
The annual fuel requirement for large
capacity of trawler capacity of 6.000 kW is
approximately 7.700 tons of which diesel
fuel - 500 tons.
The cost of diesel fuel, including delivery
to the sea is about $ 760 per ton. The
total cost of fuel consumed per year for a
large-trawler is about 300.000 USD.
33
Pilot plant receiving fish oil from fish
processing waste and weedy fish is placed in
a standard 40 feet container
Module biodiesel is placed in the second
40 feet container
Modular biodiesel plants are fully automated
34
The cost of a modular plant of
biodiesel production from
weedy species of fish and fish
processing waste is
1,688,000 EURO
35
When using marine resources can
cover all the needs of the Russian
fishing fleet is absolutely
environmentally safe diesel fuel
36
Патенты на способы получения
биодизеля из гидробионтов
 RU
2009107106 от 24.02.2009
 RU 2009110375 от 12.03.2009
 /RU2010/000084 от 19.02.2010
37
Патенты на способы получения
биоэтанола из водорослей
 RU
2008151884
от 22.12.2008
 РСТ /RU2009/000714 от 22.12.2009
 RU 2009104353
от 11.02.2009
38