UK Approach to
National Security
19 Jan 11
Content
> Our approach
> National Security Strategy
> Strategic Defence and Security Review SDSR
Approach
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Defence as part of National Security
Afghanistan
Trident Value for Money Study
Defence Reform Unit
Regular Reviews
National Security Strategy
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Strategic Context
Britain’s Distinctive Role
National Security Risk Assessment
Adaptable Britain
National Security Tasks & Planning Guidelines
National Security Strategy
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Strategic Context
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Terrorism - international and NI-related
Changing character of conflict
Increasingly multi-polar and interconnected
Scientific and technological innovation
Social and demographic trends
Climate change and natural resources
National Security Strategy
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Britain’s Distinctive Role
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Connected and at the heart of many global networks
Role in international affairs
Enlightened national self-interest
Openness exposes us to risks and opportunities
Our response - 2 strategic objectives:
• A secure and resilient UK
• Shaping a stable world
National Security Strategy
National Security Risk Assessment
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Domestic and overseas; 5 and 20 years
Likelihood and impact
Vulnerability
Tier 1 risks:
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Cyber
International military crisis
International terrorism
Major accident or natural hazard
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Impact
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Likelihood
National Security Strategy
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Adaptable Britain
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Respond to highest priority risks
Respond to low probability but very high impact risks
Focus on upstream activity
Retain a broad spectrum of security and defence
capabilities
– Strengthen relationships with key allies
– Coordinate and integrate whole of Government
response
National Security Strategy
> National Security Tasks & Planning Guidelines
– Identify and monitor risks and opportunities;
– Tackle the causes of instability;
– Exert influence;
– Enforce domestic law and strengthen international norms;
– Protect the UK and our interests at home, at our border, and
internationally;
– Help resolve conflicts and contribute to stability. Where necessary,
intervene overseas;
– Provide resilience;
– Work in alliances and partnerships.
SDSR
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Process
Principles
Military Tasks
Planning Assumptions
Force Structure
Decisions
SDSR Process
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Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Phase 1 - Policy
Baseline
Phase
Policy2 and
- Policy
Capability
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Policy and Capability Studies
Capability
Studies
Studies
Phase 3 - Force
Testing
Phase 4 Synthesis and
Costing
Phase 5 Decision and
Presentation
Publication
Phase 6 - Implementation
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SDSR Wider Process
Feb 10
mid-08
Global Strategic Trends
Feb 09
Future Character of
Conflict
Jul 09
Feb 10
Feb 10
Green Paper
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Phase 1 - Policy
Baseline
Policy
and
Capability
Policy
Capability
Phase
2and
- Policy
and
Capability
Studies
Studies
Studies
Phase 3 - Force Testing
Phase 4 Synthesis and
Costing
Phase 5 - Decision
and Presentation
Publication
Phase 6 - Implementation
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Principles
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Use of Armed Forces
National interest
Upstream activity
Flexibility
Military Tasks
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Providing strategic intelligence
Providing nuclear deterrence
Defending the UK and its Overseas Territories
Supporting civil emergency organisations in times of crisis
Providing a Defence contribution to UK influence
Defending our interests by projecting power strategically
and through expeditionary interventions
> Providing security for stabilisation
Developing the Policy Response
Matching Resource to Aspiration
Increasing
Levels of
Ambition
Homeland
Influence
Intervention
Stabilisation
Policy Choices
Prioritise Capabilities and shape the force structure to achieve affordability
Defence Planning Assumptions
The Armed Forces in the future will be sized and shaped to
conduct:
• an enduring stabilisation operation at around brigade level (up to 6,500
personnel) with maritime and air support as required, while also conducting:
• one non-enduring complex intervention (up to 2,000 personnel), and
• one non-enduring simple intervention (up to 1,000 personnel);
OR alternatively:
• three non-enduring operations if we were not already engaged in an enduring
operation;
OR:
• for a limited time, and with sufficient warning, committing all our effort to a
one-off intervention of up to three brigades, with maritime and air support
(around 30,000, two-thirds of the force deployed to Iraq in 2003).
Future Force 2020
Royal Navy
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Maritime defence of the UK and Overseas Territories
Nuclear Continuous at Sea Deterrence (CASD)
Credible and capable presence in priority regions
Strike – carrier strike and submarine (TLAM)
Future Force 2020
> Single operational carrier; 2nd at extended readiness
> 4 Vanguard SSBN and 7 Astute SSN submarines
> 19 Destroyers/Frigates
> 14 MCMV plus logistic support and RORO ferries
> 3 Commando Brigade and Commando Helicopter Force Merlins
> c30,000 by 2015; 29,000 by 2020
Royal Navy
Reductions
> Decommission HMS Ark Royal
> Decommission HMS Illustrious
> Decommission 4 frigates and a Bay-class amphibious
support ship
> Place an amphibious landing ship (HMS Albion or
Bulwark) at extended readiness
Army
> Standing commitments eg bomb disposal and Falklands
> Light specialist forces for short interventions
> Multi-role forces for more complex interventions or enduring
stabilisation operations
> The ability to command coalitions
Future Force 2020
> 5 x multi-role brigades and 16 Air Assault Brigade
> Approx 1/3 less heavy armour; but buying FRES Specialist and
Utility Variants
> “Best Effort” deployment of 3 brigades
> c95,000 by 2015; 94,000 by 2020
Army
Reductions
> Challenger 2 tanks by around 40%
> AS90 heavy artillery by around 35%
> One deployable brigade (as we restructure to 5 multi-role
brigades)
> Significantly reduce non-deployable regional command
structure
> Rationalise deployable headquarters
Royal Air Force
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Air defence of the UK, Falklands and deployed forces
Credible and capable combat air presence
Expeditionary combat air incl strategic and tactical airlift
ISTAR and RAF Regiment ground units
Future Force 2020
> Typhoon and JSF (Carrier Variant - jointly operated by RN & RAF)
> C17, A400M, Airbus A330 transport/tanker
> Chinook, Puma, Merlin
> E3D Sentry, Rivet Joint, UAVs
> c33,000 by 2015; 31,500 by 2020
Royal Air Force
Reductions
> Remove Joint Force Harrier (RN/RAF) in 2011
> Do not bring the Nimrod MRA4 into service
> Reduce VC-10 to refuelling role, and aim to withdraw by
2013
> Remove 3 variants of Tristar from 2013
> Withdraw C130J by 2022
> Withdraw Sentinel once it is no longer required in
Afghanistan
Strategic Nuclear Deterrent
> Commitment to continuous at sea submarine-based deterrent
1st new submarine in 2028; decision needed 2016
8 missile tubes (vice 12)
40 warheads per submarine (vice 48)
No more than 180 warheads (vice 225); decision on replacement
needed 2019
> £3 Bn cost reduction over 10 years
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Special Forces
> Contribute to a wide range of intervention and
stabilisation operations, as well as other commitments
> Maintain regular SF front line units
> Significantly enhance support capabilities
Cyber
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New UK Defence Cyber Operations Group
– Cyber operations will be conducted in parallel with
more conventional actions in the maritime, land and
air domains
– Mainstream cyber throughout Defence activities
– A cadre of experts to secure our own networks and
develop new capabilities
– Integrated planning, training and exercises
– Close relationships across Government, with Allies
and with industry
Civil Service
> Decrease by 25,000 to 60,000 by 2015
– Natural turnover
– Limited external recruitment
– Early release programme
– Consultation with Trades Unions
Other
> Armed Forces Covenant
> Defence Estate
Alliances & Partnerships
Alliances & Partnerships
> New models of bilateral cooperation:
– Greater reliance on capability, role sharing and equipment
collaboration with close Allies
– Reinforced relationship with US
– Intensified cooperation with France
– Greater cooperation with regional partners to shared security
concerns
> Enhance effectiveness of multilateral cooperation:
– UN - improve effectiveness, conflict prevention focus,
coordination with NATO/EU and cyber cooperation;
– NATO reform - support Strategic Concept, NATO reform,
EU/NATO cooperation
– EU - continue enlargement; focus resources on support to
(civilian and military) missions.
Implementation
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Strategy for Defence
Technical Instruction
Defence Strategic Direction
Defence Industrial Strategy
Review of Reserves
SDSR Themes
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Uncertainty: adaptability; readiness
Future Conflict: intelligence; precision; mobility
Independence: UK; Overseas Territories
Multilateralism: risk management
Combat Focused: reductions in non-front line areas
Affordability
Questions