Product Information of ENERPIA Heating Film
ENERPIA heating film is the most advanced far-infrared planar heating element made of
insulated and flame-retardant base film applied with carbon heating element, thin-coated
with active carbon, a absorbent for contaminants and laminated with PET film after making
electrodes with copper bus bar. Unlike a normal heater, the carbon heating element applied
all over the film emits far infrared radiant heat good for the health uniformly so that you can
feel warmth like sunlight. Since the exterior material for film heater is a special polyester
fabrics with a special waterproofing treatment not to contact the air, it is a future-oriented
heater for wall, ceiling or floor heating which can be used almost semi-permanently. The
performance of heating film depends on dispersion technology of nano particles by
adhesion and resistance of carbon particles, silver particles and others.
What is heating film, a planar heating element?
The planar heating element emits a radiant heat generated
from electric energy conducted and absorbed by wide surface
of thin film itself; i.e. a directly and momentarily transferred
heating method without process of convective or conductive
heat transfer, so it has many advantages such as no loss of
heat, time not required for maintaining heating, desirable
temperature obtainable through a digital temperature controller,
no problem in heating except the damaged part if a part of
heating film damaged, simplicity in installation, low load on the
building and easiness in maintenance.
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Structure OF ENERPIA Heating film
Structure
▶ENERPIA Heating Film is produced by
accurate (under 1 micron) printing
technology by coating carbon on PET film to
radiate heat. The film is so strong that you
can not cut it without scissors because the
material was heat-treated over 150℃.
▶Steady temperature range and resistance
variation
Safeness
- Coating high density carbon particle
- Cutting edge doping technology for
uniformly printed surface
-Continuous development of special equipment
for heating film
- World class film with the character of
insulation and anti-flame
- Preventing spark on carbon surface by
specialized design
- Special waterproof treatment
- Laminated insulation film
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Effect of ENERPIA Heating film
Economical Heating
-
Lower cost by 30% than electric heat, 60% and more than oil boiler
Reduction of construction cost because of installation available within very short period
Energy saving because of sectional heating available
Adoption of automatic control (centralized control) system available
Radiant heating by far infrared rays
- Rapid heating available
- Radiant heating by far infrared rays makes room warm evenly without variation in temperature..
- Comfortable heating effect in comparatively low room temperature comparing with convective type of
heating
Simple installation and workability
- Simple installation comparing with wet-mortar method.
- Construction finished by installation between flooring material and insulations
Excellent durability
- Usable semi-permanently
- Simple in structure with little trouble
Heating method without combustion
- Flameless heating method without generation of carbon monoxide, dust and combustion noise
Quiet and clean heating
- Emitting plenty of far infrared rays and anions due to heating by carbon Far infrared ray / Anion :
Remove odors in the room, Good for human body, Create pleasant room air.
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Components and Principle of ENERPIA Heating Film
Components of Film
Part
Insulation
part
Function
Material
Thickness
Base
Film
PET
125,188,
250,350
Laminat
e Film
Adhesive
Heating
part
Electric
conduction
part
Principle of Heating
Control criteria
at manufacture
Installation diagram
Thermostat
Insulation and
flameretardancy
75
General
heating
EVA
75
High
heat
EEA
75
Power
Adhesion
Thermal
resistance
Sensor1
Carbon
Doping
Carbon
Copper
bus bar
Copper
Silver
bus bar
Silver
Maintaining
uniform
resistance
Uniform printed
surface
0.05mm
Power
Electric
conductivity
Copper Bus Bar
Sensor2
Silver Bus Bar
Carbon Black
Generating heat by Electric resistance Ω of carbon
black itself applied on film (Center
Outside)
Conductivity
Adhesion
Dispersion
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Characteristic of component of ENERPIA heating film (Ⅰ)
1. Carbon Paste, Heating part of ENERPIA HEATING FILM
Carbon Black is a material obtained from carbon © like diamond as a main ingredient and
applied to automobile, ink or cosmetics. It is called carbon fiber to do heat treatment at
1,000-3,000℃ and graphite fiber to do heat treatment at more than 2,500℃ through
manufacturing process. Graphite is widely used as a material for electric heating element
because of its high resistance to heat, its low coefficient of resistance and excellent thermal
conductivity and electrical conductivity.
Depending on mixing ratio of carbon and graphite in carbon strip, the part of heat generation
in heating, adhesion, resistance, etc can be adjusted. (It is to use properties of roun
molecular structure of carbon and tabular structure of graphite.)
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Characteristic of component of ENERPIA Heating film (Ⅱ)
2. Silver Paste, Conduction part of ENERPIA FILM Heater
◈ If resistance of silver paste, the planar heating element, is high, it may cause sparks and
problem in safety. The lower resistance of conductor , the higher electrical efficiency.
Silver paste, a conductive pasting material, is a low temperature type of conductive paste
applied to planar heating element, which has excellent property for screen printing, high
conductivity, excellent flexibility and excellent adhesion to P.E.T with Laminex. Test of
resistance results in less than 0.1Ω.
3. P.E.T (polyethylene terephthalate) material for ENERPIA FILM Heater
P.E.T Polyester (Polyethylene terephthalate)
◈ Required property of PET for heating film :
Adhesion, Insulation and flame-retardancy, No shrinkage
◈ Characteristics of P.E.T Film
•
Excellent electric or electrothermal wire widely used as an electric insulation for power generator,
transformer, etc.
Applied to heat sensitive areas such as film, coating, etc because of its low thermal shrinkage
(Shrinkage rate +/-2% at placement for 20 minutes at 150℃)
• High strength and elasticity
• Excellent durability against chemical reaction
• UV-protective effect
• Little ingredients hazardous to environment at incineration
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Characteristic of component of ENERPIA Heating Film (Ⅲ)
4. BASE FILM for electric insulation of ENERPIA FILM Heater
◈ Film as a heating material must be applied with a material for electric and electronic use.
◈ Film material for ENERPIA FILM HEATER is a product with high turbidity excellent in insulation.
Item
Polyester
Film
Application cat.
Detailed
application
Breakdown
voltage
UL flame
retardant
certificate
Color
Price
Graphic
Printing,
engraving, label
No data
None
Transparent
Low
DISPLAY
Display
Diffusion plate
No data
None
Transparent
Low
Electric &
electronic use
Covering wire
Insulation, Fire
proof
VTM - 2
Increase of
insulation chip
Milky (Semitransparent)
High
125 17Kv
188 19Kv
5. E.V.A, E.E.A, heat resistant adhesives for ENERPIA FILM Heater
◈ Adhesives for laminating in process of manufacturing heating film are mainly applied
with E.V.A (Ethylene-vinylacetate) and E.E.A (Ethylene-Ethylacylate).
◈ Adhesion of laminating part is very important for heating film to prevent from moisture
penetration, thermal resistance and formation of air layer in the film.
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Comparison with other product(Ⅰ)
1.Overall coating type vs Strip type
Hottest part
Current
Overall coating type Q=V²/R
- If a spark occurs, it is spread over all area.
- Leakage current is very large.
Strip type Q=V²/R=I²xR
- If a spark occurs, it is limited to a strip.
- Leakage current is limited to a strip.
ex) 13mA at 50cm 250Watt.
Overall coated planar heating film
Strip type of planar heating film
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Comparison with other product(Ⅱ)
Overall coating method
Strip type printing method
Uneven
temperature due
to uneven
thickness of
coating
Very difficult practically to have uniform coating on
the area (Including both direction of MD and TD to
be coated). Current tends to flow toward lower
resistance like water, so temperature deviation
between sectional cold part and hot part may occur
irregularly, if there is resistance deviation due to lack
of uniformity.
Resistance per strip is relatively uniform, and then
temperature distribution is comparatively uniform. Also
PET film (Polyester film) applied to the product is a top
grade of film excellent in electric insulation, physical,
chemical and mechanical properties, which is available
only from SKC Toray and Saehan.
Fire risk due to
overall heating
Heat is generated from whole area, so it has very
high probability to make fire if heat is not released
because of pressure of heavy objects such as
refrigerator.
Its relatively safe because it has spaces not to
generate heat, through which heat can be released.
Spread of spark
and fire from
defected part /
Risk of electric
shock
If a spark occurs, it is limited to a strip.
Leakage current is limited to a strip..
Ex) 13mA at 50cm 250Watt
If a spark occurs, it spread over all area.
Leakage current is very large.
Handling of
cutting part at
installation
Entire insulation and water proofing treatment on
both copper tape part and carbon heating layer are
required.
Carbon heating layer has the uncoated cutting line, so
it is all right if only copper tape part is treated well.
Conventional
overall coating
method
The procedure of overall coating method is to coat
conductive carbon ink after laying copper bus bar as
electrodes on non-woven base film, which is a part
to have mostly electrical troubles. Coating thickness
is respectively very thinner than copper bus bar, so
it makes the remarkable difference of thickness
between copper bus bar part and base film part,
which is a factor for electrical troubles.
Materials used for film are non-woven fabrics to
absorb moisture well and PET film with perfect
insulation property without blocking moisture, so it
does not make any electrical troubles due to moisture.
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Comparison with other product(Ⅲ)
Design of Copper Busbar and Silver busbar
ENERPIA
Copper
Busbar
A Co.
Silver busbar
Copper
Busbar
Silver Busbar
◈ Electric current flow through the cooper busbar. Allowable current can high when use wider
copper busbar. However the thickness of the cooper busbar is also important.
◈ Silver Busbar: The Product of A co. is focus on do not meet the copper and carbon.
So it is well prevent the resistance. However electric current floor less. When less electric
current flows, there appears a problem of heat.
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