WLA
– Emissions
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the title of your
database
presentation here
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Presented
J Barrett
Job Title by
- Date
WLA AQCG,
22 March 2010
Contents
1
Background
2
Modelling overview
3
Examples of software functionality
4
Recent projects
5
Future Development
Page  2
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1.
Background
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West London Alliance (WLA) - Emissions
database?
A tool for estimating the impacts of transport policies and measures on
emissions at different spatial scales across West london.
Characteristics of a fully-functioning WLA EDB:
- Contains geo-referenced data (GIS), with spatially
resolved emission estimates (e.g. 1 km x 1 km grid).
- Uses bottom-up calculations.
- Is applicable to various regional scales (e.g. West
London, borough, town etc.).
- Is flexible and adaptable to the needs of different
users.
- Uses ‘new’ technologies to provide
actual activity data rather than
statistics (ideally involves some degree
of automatic data collection).
Potential applications
 Air quality management.
 Transport planning:
 Environmental zones.
 Vehicle-specific restrictions.
 Modal shift.
 Route changes.
 Changes in driver behaviour.
 Road pricing, tolls.
 Land use planning.
 Carbon footprinting.
 Analysis of trends.
 Verification & improvement of topdown calculations.
 Indicators.
 Support to national inventories.
 Prediction of air quality:
‘nowcasts’, ‘forecasts.
 Research (e.g. source
apportionment studies).
 Impact assessment (EIA, SEA,
HIA).
 Policy assessment.
 Input data to noise models.
New data sources
 The prototype has been created to allow easy incorporation and
use of new types of input data.
 The model could be linked to other models, or to on-line or realtime traffic data.
 Potential sources:
- Freight /haulage companies.
- Traffic models & censuses.
- Environment zone toll systems (e.g.
London, Stockholm).
- Automatic vehicle count and
classification (e.g. MIDAS, UK).
- UTMC (e.g. SCOOT).
- On-board equipment, such as GPS,
telematics/ITS (C2C, C2I, EVI).
- Web-based tools.
- Video cameras and ANPR.
- Specific projects/models (e.g. ISHTAR,
MESSAGE, TREMOVE,
DGENV Fleets).
- Remote sensing and satellite
imagery.
- Insurance companies.
% change with scenario
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Scenario 12
NOx
2. Modelling overview
PM
CO2
Content
Modes
 Road transport (using the WLA Transport and Enhanced
Emissions Model – TEEM).
 Rail transport (TRL’s rail model).
Pollutants
 NOx, PM10 and CO2 (+ others)
Time frame
 At present 2007, but would be able to handle historic data and
projections.
Geographical extent
 West London, which can be used for high-resolution local traffic
studies. LAEI (GLA 2009) modelled road network as the
minmum the baseline.
Content
West London
road network
(approximately
22,000 links)
Key
Road
N
WLA EDB Structure
Fleet structure
3. Examples of software
functionality
Functionality: scenario testing examples*
No.
1
Policy
Vehicle scrappage
schemes
2
Description
HGVs, including rigid and articulated trucks, up to and including Euro II, are
replaced by vehicles meeting the Euro V standard (and fitted with diesel
particulate filter - DPF)
All diesel cars up to and including Euro 2 are replaced with Euro 5 (again
with DPF).
3
Measures that influence
traffic composition
Reduce the number of rigid HGVs by 12% and increase number of artic
HGVs by 4%.
4
Replace Euro III buses with Euro V (no DPF).
5
Bus replacement
programme
Access restrictions
6
Dedicated bus lanes
Number of buses increased by 10% on affected roads and number of cars
reduced by 5%. Number of HGVs reduced by 1%. Buses assumed to be
travelling at the speed limit, with a 15% reduction in the speed of all other
traffic.
7
Shifting a % of freight
from road to rail
Road: 2% reduction in number of HGVs. Rail: Increase in the weight of
existing trains.
8
Shifting a % of
passengers from road to
rail.
(a)Rail: 1% of car passengers on route shifted to rail with increase in train
occupancy (i.e. increased weight per train).
Chislehurst Road with an AADT of 8500 becomes pedestrianised between
10am and 2pm (i.e. no through traffic). Displacement of traffic not
considered.
(b)1% of car passengers on route shifted to rail with no increase in
occupancy (i.e. more trains).
*Currently by direct modification of emission functions and activity data (no
module, but some functionality in user interface of road program).
‘scenario’
Scenario 6 (dedicated bus lanes)
 Introducing a dedicated bus lane.
Constraining road space for other
road users.
 Bus timetables
 Roadside surveys
Scenario 6 (dedicated bus lanes)
 Roads included: Crofton Lane, Towncourt Lane
NOx
Emission
(tonnes/year)
PM
CO2
Baseline
6.41
0.17
1407.26
Scenario 6
6.59
0.17
1411.01
Percentage change from baseline
3.0
2.5
% Change
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
NOx
PM
CO2
Insert
theprojects
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4.
Recent
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Applications
 Completed
- Application of the Transport and Enhanced Emissions Model
(TEEM) in West London and Harrow
- Description: Study to compare TEEM outputs with those of the
London Atmospheric Emissions Inventory road activity dataset.
The study examined emissions at the West London scale and in
more detail for London Borough of Harrow.
- Client: Harrow on behalf of the WLA AQCG
- Consultants: TRL
- The Transport and Enhanced Emissions Model (TEEM) modelling transport measures
- Description: Six scenarios suggested by the AQCG were
developed further by TRL. These included a ‘Wembley to Park
Royal ‘Fastbus’ scheme. The outcome in each case considered
the impact of each scenario in terms of nitrogen oxides (NOX),
particulate matter (PM) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
- Client: Hounslow on behalf of the WLA AQCG
- Consultants: TRL
Applications
 Completed –
- Leicester revision of the air quality action plan
- Description: A study to re-consider those measures included in the
existing air quality action plan and to re-evaluate alternatives
including a city centre environment zone and freight expressway.
TEEM was applied for the emissions modelling.
- Client: Leicester City Council
- Consultants: TRL
 Geographical specific emission inventories across Europe
- Description: A study to pilot a methodology for standardising
emission estimates across the EU based on geographically specific
data sources.
- The road transport component was estimated using a version of
TEEM applied to a road corridor between London and Paris.
- Client: European Environment Agency
- Consultants - TRL
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Future
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Summary
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Summary
•TEEM enables operators to estimate the environmental impacts of
specific scenarios for example, changes in modal shift, emissions
gains traffic flow changes – LOCALLY
•TEEM = Lots of capacity - no limit to the size of network TEEM can
process. The GIS output assists visualisation.
•Outputs in easy read format
•TEEM = flexibility of the tool distinct advantage over most other
models
•use on micro scale and macro scale
•Can accept variety of data from different sources
•User-friendly interface
•Fast processing speed
•Bespoke a tool for local needs with opportunities to extend the
functionality to include air transport, freight emissions and GHG for
the future
Contact Details
 WLAQCG contacts:
- Rob Gibson (Chair) – LB Hounslow
- Val Beale (Secretary) – LB Hillingdon
- Paul Hargreaves – LB Harrow
- Paul Baker – LB Hammersmith & Fulham
- Richard Ward – LB Ealing
- John Coates – LB Richmond-upon-Thames
- Jennifer Barrett – LB Brent: Tel - 020 8937 5284
 Transport Research Labs (TRL) contact:
Kevin Turpin: Tel - 01344 770336
 For details of other projects undertaken by the WLAQCG visit our
website - www.westlondonairquality.org.uk