ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE CHALLENGES
AND SCOPE FOR ENHANCED COMPLIANCE IN
THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY
By:S R BHATT,EX-PROGRAMME DIRECTOR AND HEAD,ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING DIVISION,A T I R A,AHMEDABAD,AND UNIDO EXPERT ON
POLLUTION CONTROL
Overview





Types Of Textile Industry
Pollution Problems of Textile Industry
Specific Problems in environmental
COMPLIACE aspects
Prospective and Proven Remedial
Measures for sustainable compliance
Action-oriented Conclusions
TYPES OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY

DECENTARALISED AND ORGANISED SECTORS

GINNING,POWERLOOMS, YARN DYEING
UNITS,INTEGRATED PROCESS HOUSES,DENIM
PROCESSING AND APPAREL UNITS,HOSIERY
UNITS,HAND OPERATED COTTAGE UNITS,KNITTING AND
DYEING UNITS

CARPET INDUSTRY,FULLY INTEGRATED COMPOSITE
TEXTILE MILLS,WOOLEN INDUSTRY,READY MADE
GARMENT INDUSTRY,HAND LOOM
INDUSTRY,TRADITIONAL TEXTILE UNITS, JUTE
INDUSTRY,GEO TEXTILES,INDUSTRIAL
FABRICS,CARBON FIBRE INDUSTRY
POLLUTION PROBLEMS OF THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY












WATER,SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL,
HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL,
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY,RECYCLING OF WATER AND
CHEMICALS
,RECOVERY OF WASTE HEAT,SUSTAINABLE
COMPLIANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT
REQUIREMENTS,
ADOPTION OF CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES, and CLEANER
PRODUCTION PRACTICES
CONTROL OF GREEN HOUSE GASES,
SUSTAINABILITY OF CLEAN DEVELOPMENT
TOTAL LACK OF CONCEPT AND PHILOSOPHY OF GREEN
CHAIN MECHANISM
POOR QUALITY OF PRODUCTS IN COMPARISION TO
THE WORLD STANDARDS
LACK OF EFFICIENT TERTIARY MEASURES
LACK OF KNOWLEDGE OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
POOR FOCUS ON SAFETY,HEALTH AND HYGIENE




MECHANISM,QUALITY STANDARDS,
REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT
SCENARIO IN CLUSTERS OF THE INDUSTRY,
INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL IN
POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEMS, AND POOR
INFRASTRUCTURE AND TRAINING IN
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CONTROL
SYSTEMS, INDIFFERENT/NEGLIGENT
MANAGEMENT FOCUS ON POLLUTION
CONTROL ISSUES
USUALLY POOR PERFORMANCE OF THE
COMMON EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANTS
SPECIFIC CURRENT BURNING PROBLEMS
IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS






SUSTAINABLE COMPLIANCE OF
ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT STIPULATIONS
HIGH COLOUR,C O D,T D S,AND, PH IN
PRTICULAR INDUSTRY LIKE CARBONISING
POLYESTER INDUSTRY
REMOVAL OF RSPM,Sox,AND FUMES FROM
VARIOUS EXHAUSTS
SUSTAINABLE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY
SYSTEMS
RAW WATER QUALITY,AVAILABILITY,AND
REUSE OF THE TREATED EFFLUENT
SOLID WASTE,HAZARDOUS AND NONHAZARDOUS,DISPOSAL




COMPLIANCE OF ZERO
DISCHARGE
REQUIREMENTS
OBSOLETE ENVIRONMENT
MANAGAMENT CONTROLS
AND SYSTEMS IN THE FACE
OF INCREASINGLY
STRINGENT STANDARDS
MOST OF THE EXISTING
MANUFACTURING
OPERATIONS AND
PRACTICES FOLLOWED
ARE NOT AT ALL
AMENABLE FOR
SUSTAINABLE AND
GENUINE COMPLIANCE,
DUE TO
TECHNICAL,ECONOMICAL
AND MIND-SET RELATED
CONSTRAINTS
LACK OF SPACE FOR THE






RECOVERY OF UNFIXED DYES,SYNTHETIC SIZING
CHEMICALS LIKE ACRYLATES, CAUSTIC SODA IN LOW
CONCENTRATION IN THE DISCHARGES,RECOVERY OF
HEAT FROM STENTER EXHAUSTS
ADOPTION OF CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM AND
CLEAN PRODUCTION PRACTICES ON A WIDER AND
SUSTAINABLE SCALE
EFFICIENT COMBUSTION OF FUELS IN THE BOILERS
AND THERMIC FLUID HEATERS,AND EFFICIENT USE OF
ELECTRIC POWER—POOR ENERGY USE AND
RESULTANT HUGE GREEN FOOTPRINT
POOR/NO INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL IN
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS WITH
POOR,UNRILIABLE RECORDS
TOTAL LACK OF ECO-FRIENDLY PRACTICES IN
MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS
INEFFICIENT OPERATIO AND POORLY DESIGNED
COMMON EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANTS FOR THE
TEXTILE CLUSTERS
POROSPECTIVE AND PROVEN
REMEDIAL MEASURES FOR
ENHANCED COMPLIANCE





RECOVERY OF HEAT AND WATER BY WELL-PROVEN
TECHNOLOGIES LIKE WASTE HEAT BOILERS,HEAT
EXCHANGERS,NANO FILTRATION,REVERSE
OSMOSIS,AND SO ON
PROVISION OF PLC-BASED CONTROLS ON THE
BOILERS, THERMIC FLUID HEATERS AND E T P
USE OF ECO-FRIENDLY FUELS LIKE LOW- SULFER
COAL,AGRO WASTES,AND FLUIDISED COMBUSTION
AND OTHER MORE EFFICIENT COMBUSTION
TECHNIQUES
USE OF CNG AND INDUSTRIAL GASEOUS FUELS
REDUCTION IN WATER CONSUMPTION AT THE
MANUFACTURING STAGES BY INCORPORATION OF
VARIOUS PROVEN TECHNIQUES LIKE, SQUEEZE
ROLLERS,COUNTER CURRENT
OPERATIONS,AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE





AUTOMATIC Ph COTROLLER AND D. O. AND
TEMPERATURE SENSORS,FLOW MESUREMENT
DEVICES IN E T P
INCORPORATING OF SLUDGE DEWATERING
EQUIPMENTS LIKE FILTER PRESSES,BELT PRESS
SYSTEMS,VACUUM FILTRATION,SOLAR DRYING,ETC
INCORPORATION OF ONLINE CONTROLS
INCORPORATION OF CLEANER PRODUCTION AND
CLEAN TECHNOLOGY INITIATIVES
PROPER TRAINING OF THE TECHNICIANS, AND
ADOPTION OF ECO-FRIENDLY PRACTICES




PROPER DESIGN AND
OPERATION OF C E T PS
PARADIGM SHIFT IN THE
TOP MANAGEMENT
PERCEPTION ON
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
TRYING NOVEL
EMERGING
MANUFACTURING AND
TREATMENT
TECHNOLOGIES LIKE
HIGH EXHAUSTION
DYES,DRY
PROCESSING,WIND AND
SOLAR POWER,COMPACT
CAPTIVE POWER
GENERATION ETC
USE OF BIOAUGMENTATION AND BIO-
Action-oriented Conclusions

THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY MANIFESTS EXTREME WIDE
VARIATION IN THE MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS AND
PRACTICES DEPENDING UPON THE TYPE OF PRODUCT
AND THE SIZE AND SECTOR OF THE INDUSTRY
AND,THEREFORE,DEFIES ANY GENERALISED COMMON
APPROACH TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE.

HOWEVER, THERE ARE A FEW COMMON FEATURES AND
TRENDS AND THERE ARE A VAST VARIETY OF
UNCOMMON ISSUES IN THE POLLUTION CONTROL
ACROSS THE ENTIRE SPECTRUM OF THE INDUSTRY.

INCORPORATION OF A VAST ARRAY OF DEVICES NOW
AVAILABLE IN THE COUNTRY LIKE AUTOMATIC
CONTROLS,MORE EFFICIENT ENERGY
SYSTEMS,MINIMISATION OF WATER CONSUMPTION
THROUGH SEVERAL AUTOMATIC AND RETROFITTABLE
MEASURES,MODERNISATION OF THE EXISTING E M
S,USE OF SUITABLE RECYCLE
TECHNOLOGIES,DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE THROUGH
VERMI CULTURE/ BIO LOGICAL METHODS,USE OF
SOLAR AND WIND ENERGY

ADVANCED OXIDATION SYSTEMS FOR MORE EFFICIENT
REMOVAL OF TOXIC AND RECALCITRANT
COMPOUNDS,ADOPTING ZERO DISCHARGE SYSTEMS
LIKE REVERSE OSMOSIS,MULTIPLE EFFECT
EVAPORATION, INCINERATION ETC WOULD GO A LONG
WAY IN ENSURING GOOD COMPLIANCE OF THE NORMS

MUCH GREATER EMPHASIS ON EMERGING CONCEPTS
AND TECHNOLOGIES ENCOMPASSING, CLEANER
PRODUCTION PRACTICES,CLEAN TECHNOLOGY
INITIATIVES,GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN MECHANISM,BIO
AUGMENTATION AND BIO REMEDIATION,ECO-FRIENDLY
CAPTIVE POWER GENERATION,DISCONTINUATION OF
TOXIC AND BANNED CHEMICALS,ENCOURAGEMENT OF
ALL ECO-FRIENDLY PRACTICES WITHIN AND OUTSIDE
THE MANUFACTURING PLANT

TRAINING OF TECHNICIANS AND MANAGEMENT TO
BRING ABOUT A PARADIGM SHIFT IN THEIR
PERSPECTIVE OF THEIR OWN OBLIGATIONS TO THE
ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY.
THANK YOU
->ANY QUESTIONS?