“Eco-textiles”
A new concept is causing the textile industries to
rethink their strategies:• Sourcing
• Manufacturing/producing
• Marketing
“Eco-textiles”
Eco means:A reduction of every negative impact
that textiles have on the environment
In the form of
• Pollution
• Damage to the planet
“Eco-textiles”
Eco means:A focus on environmental and social
compatibility along the entire textile
production chain.
Textile process flow
Air pollutants
Inputs
Raw materials
Dyes & Chemicals
Products
Production
process
Water
Energy
Change or modify in all areas.
Solid wastes
Waste
water
Stream
“Eco-textiles”
Eco-friendly textiles and methods
• Can be used in every stage of production
• raw material
• Dyeing and printing
• use of chemicals
• energy efficiency
• waste water management
Eco-friendly textiles and methods
Time come to consider
Entire life cycle of textile product
What happens after a textile
• has been sold
• worn
• washed several times
• and then thrown away
Discharge from process house
• color residues
• electrolytes
• surfactants
• toxic air emissions
• metals
• RM
• temperature
• pH
Discharge from process house
parameter changes
 BOD
COD
 TSS
 Metals
 Aquatic toxicity
Typical fixation % of fibers
Dye Class
Fixation % (APP)
Fibers
Acid
80 - 93
Polyamide
Basic
90 - 98
Acrylic
Direct
70 - 95
Cellulosic
Disperse
80 - 92
Polyester
Pre-metalized
95 - 98
Polyamide
Reactive
50 - 80
Cellulosic
Sulphur
60 - 70
Cellulosic
Vat
80 - 95
Cellulosic
Pollution control
Color in waste water
 affinity of dyes- choice
 preparation of materials
 liquor ratio
 process parameters- time/temp
profile.
 machine
 energy
Pollution control
Color in waste water
 maximizing exhaustion/fixationminimum waste- choice of process.
 dyes handling- spillage color dissolution
 what about residual dyes inside
drum.
Pollution control
Color in waste water
 to dye without or least chemicalsultimately which retard or reduce the
exhaustion.
 too much chemicals- no of side
effects.
Pollution
salt
 20 – 80 g/l general rule for cellulosic
reactive.
 salt concentration 2000 – 3000 ppm.
 pollution norms- 250 ppm
 very difficult to down this.
Pollution control
salt requirement
Hot brand reactive dyeing
Cold brand reactive dyeing
Direct dyeing
Vat dyeing
Sulphur dyeing
Pollution control
Color in waste water
 Direct and reactive dyeing- fixation
at end: to fix some dyes.
Pollution control
salt requirement
 use lowest possible LR
 optimize individual shade
 first time right
 preparation of RM
 selection of dyes that needs less salt.
Optimize dyeing temperature.
Pollution control
LR ratio and salt