Participatory Rural Appraisal
and Wealth Ranking
September 13th, 2010
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CWS Program
1. Partnership Program
• Holistic Support
• Small Grant Support
• Non-Funding Support
2. Emergency Response and Disaster
Preparedness Program
• Emergency Response
• Disaster Preparedness
3. Direct Service Program
• Village Based Community Development
project
• Water and Sanitation Cooperation project
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Why CWS implements water and
sanitation
 To comply with Rural Water and Sanitation
Strategy (RWSS) of the Kingdom of Cambodia
that mentions:
“ Every person in rural communities has sustained
access to safe water supply and sanitation services
and lives in a hygienic environment by 2025 ”
 To improve access to water supplies and
sanitation facilities of the rural poorest and
poor in rural communities.
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Participatory Rural Appraisal:
Implementation partners
At sub-national level:
• Commune Councils and District Authority
• Provincial Department of Rural Development
At community level:
• Community Based Organizations (CBO)
 Water and Sanitation User Groups (WSUG)
which are elected by villagers
 Commune Development Facilitators (CDF)
which are selected by CWS and PDRD
• Local authority: Village Chief/Leaders
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Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and
Participatory Wealth Ranking (PWR)
• Collaborate with PDRD to draft wealth ranking
criteria
• Consultation with local authority, CDF, WSUG
and respected key person on wealth ranking
criteria at village level.
• Using Participatory rural appraisal, wealth
ranking criteria and local capacity for peace/do
no harm approach in the participatory
beneficiaries selection.
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Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and
Participatory Wealth Ranking (PWR)
Criteria (excerpt)
Criteria
House
Draft animals
Cattle
Pig
Poultry
Agricultural land (ha)
Home land (m2)
Main source of
income
Other source of
income
Food
Poorest of
the Poor
Poor
Cottage
(9-24 m2)
Wooden house with leaf
wall and roof (25-45 m2)
None
None
None
2-5
None
20-100 m2
1-2
1
1
6-10
0.25ha
101-300 m2
Rice production and sell
labor
Sell labor
None or nonFarming and non-timber
timber
Lack of food Lack of food
7-10 months 3 - 6 months
Better off Poor
Wooden house with leaf
wall and zinc roof
(48-60 m2)
2-4
2-3
2
More than 10
0.5 ha
301- 500 m2
Rice production
Farming and non- timber
Just enough food
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PRA and PWR (cont….)
• WSUG , CDF and Village Leader are
responsible in addressing the villagers' needed
on water supplies and Sanitation facilities
through participatory village development plan.
• Villagers and key people (CDF and WSUG)
participate in identifying the potential
beneficiaries selection and their priority needs
(latrines, bio-sand filters, new or upgraded wells). In
exceptional cases, a beneficiary would receive two
items in the same year of project intervention.
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PRA and PWR -Process
• Conduct a village meeting with at least 60% of
households participated
• CDF/WSUG invite and encourage villagers to
attend the meeting with one representative from
each family.
• Conduct Participatory Rural Appraisal by using
village mapping to identify village resources
(water source, defecation areas, health center,
water point for new well drilling…)
• Consolidate data from PRA if there has been
separate gender meetings
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PRA and PWR –Process (cont…)
• CWS staff with CDF/WSUG present wealth ranking
criteria
• Communities participate in beneficiaries selection
and identify their priority needs which refer to the
wealth ranking criteria
• Recommend the design of the water supply and
sanitation facilities (eg. household latrines, well
platforms adapted from MRD, and bio-sand water
filters are built according to CAWST model)
• CWS staff together with CDF/WSUG conduct home
visit to cross check and verify the reality and priority
needs of beneficiaries
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Contribution
•The service of CWSC is provided free of charge, but to promote and
stimulate ownership, beneficiaries contribute labor and resources
based on the cost affordable to different vulnerability characteristics
and wealth ranking criteria. However,100 % granted to public
centers such as health centers, commune offices and primary
schools (both service and manufacturing cost)
Category/Facility
Bio-sand filter
Hand Pump Well
Latrine
Poorest household
USD 0.00 + labor
Aprox USD 77 (20%)
Poor household
USD 1.00 + labor
Better off poor
USD 2.00 + labor
Aprox USD 116 (30%) Upper structure + Labor +
material (aprox USD 24)
Aprox USD 116 (30%) Upper structure + Labor +
material (aprox USD 36)
Medium household/other USD 4.00 + labor
80-100% of total cost
Upper structure + Labor
80-100% of total cost
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Project ensuring the quality
• Hand pump wells are tested by PDRD using
Arsenic testing kit before allowing people to use.
• Bio-sand water filters are built in compliance with
the Center for Affordable Water and Sanitation
Technologies (CAWST) and sample water testing
is done and the result is shown to the community
people and local authority.
• Household latrines are built on an agreed standard
between CWS Cambodia and PDRD as well as
through the consultative process with beneficiaries
before the construction.
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Project ensuring the quality
• Conduct regular visit to check and verify water flow
from bio-sand water filter
• Provide immediate advice or support to improve the
facility usage
• Conduct site inspection on the technical standard.
• Inform all beneficiaries of materials needed for each
product (including size, amount, cost…)
• Communities check and verify the construction and
materials with private company and sellers.
• Building skill to repair head of hand pump and biosand water filter
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Advantages of the method
• Promotes right to access to water and sanitation for
all among communities and authorities
• Promotes accountability and honesty within
communities
• Builds solidarity, unity and connection of
communities
• Empowers women in decision-making
• Creates ownership of communities
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Disadvantages
• Process takes more time and more energy of
staff and counterparts
• Difficult to allocate time during farming season
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Outcome of the project
• Households sanitation are improved
• Sanitation and hygiene in schools influence
communities
• Less water borne disease and children are in better
health
• Community members rarely have diarrhea
• WSUG members are able to repair head hand pump
wells in their community
• WSUGs are able to facilitate community meetings and
advise users to maintain water supplies and sanitation
facilities
• Home gardening surrounding home yard even in dry
season, for earning income and for family consumption
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Scope of the project
• The model was implemented in 59 villages in
Svay Rieng and then adapted and replicated in
CWS’s village based community development
projects in Kompong Thom (12 villages) and
Preah Vihear (18 villages) Projects
• The PDRD staff of Svay Rieng province share
their knowledge and skills learned from CWS to
other provinces
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Thank you
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