FLSP, CIALs and….
Agroecosystems Analysis (AEA), Beneficiary Assessment, Development
Education Leadership Teams (DELTA), Diagnosis and Design (D&D),
Diagnostico Rural Participativo (DRP), Farmer Participatory Research
(FPR), Groupe de Recherche et d’Appui pour l’Auto-promotion
Paysanne (GRAAP), Methode Active de Recherche et de Planification
Participative (MARP), Participatory Analysis and Learning Methods
(PALM), Participatory Action Research (PAR), Participatory Research
Methodology (PRM), Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), Participatory
Rural Appraisal and Planning (PRAP), Participatory Technology
Development (PTD), Participatory Urban Appraisal (PUA), Planning for
Real, Process Documentation, Rapid Appraisal (RA), Rapid
Assessment for Agricultural Knowledge Systems (RAAKS), Rapid
Assessment Procedure (RAP), Rapid Assessment Techniques (RAT),
Rapid Catchment Analysis (RCA), Rapid Ethnographic Assessment
(REA), Rapid Food Security Assessment (RFSA), Rapid Multiperspective Appraisal (RMA), Rapid Organisational Assessment (ROA),
Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA), Samuhik Brahman (Joint Trek), Soft
Systems Methodology (SSM), Story Methodology (SM), Theatre for
Development, Training for Transformation, Visualisation in Participatory
Programmes (VIPP), ZOPP…
A great diversity of methods,
but all share a few basic principles
Principles of good practice in PR
Farmers are involved  Site selection
in decision-making at  Diagnosis
 Planning
every stage
Experimentation
Evaluation
Analysis
Feedback
Monitoring and
evaluation
 Socialise lessons
learned





Principles of good practice in PR
The research is
based on a clear
common agenda or
set of priorities
defined jointly by
farmers and
researchers and
based on principles
of social equity
Principles of good practice in PR
The research draws
on multiple sources
of information and
methods and links
together various
knowledge worlds
Principles of good practice in PR
The research
Focus
group
Village
Planning
Testing
andMeeting
evaluating options
process is based on
cyclical learning and Integrating solutions on farms FLSP
feedback loops and
other farmers
there is two-way Reaching
in the village
Searching for options to test
Sharing
with
other
villages
sharing of
Select a focus-group
Agreeing on issues
information among
Selecting villages
farmers and
researchers
Principles of good practice in PR
The research
process is based on
Evaluation
cyclical learning and Experimenting CIAL
Planning
feedback loops and
Analysis
there is two-way
Diagnosis
sharing of
Election
information among
Feedback
Motivation
Select
farmers and
Train region
researchers
facilitators
Principles of good practice in PR
The research
process is based on
cyclical learning and
feedback loops and
there is two-way
sharing of
information among
farmers and
researchers
Integral elements of
PR Processes
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Sources:
Braun, Horne, Vernooy &
McDougall, Ashby, CIAT-IPRA