CBP Socio-Economic Component
Drivers-Impacts-Responses
Analysis
Carbon Benefits Project System
Project
Information
Module
Measurement
Toolkit advisor
Project Description
Module
Protocol Module
Guidance Module
Measurement Module
Remote Sensing
Ground-based
Assessment Tools
Simple
Detailed
Dynamic
Assessment
Assessment
Modelling
MRV Module
REDD & A/R
Carbon Benefits
Socioeconomic Tools
Reporting
Module
Why use DPSIR?
To answer important questions:
• Why do landusers not adopt the sustainable land management
(SLM) practices offered by the project?
• Why do many land-users continue with practices that have
negative carbon impacts?
• How can we improve adoption rates of SLM practices
- Beyond the project area?
- After the project is finished?
• Why do some socio-economic groups seem less likely to adopt
SLM than others?
- e.g. wealth, gender, farm-size related.
Uses of DPSIR
• Organises and links qualitative information effectively
for analysis
• Analyses the different layers of Drivers of change
and their Impacts
• Equips us to think about Responses to tackle root causes
• Complements the CBA tool
• Well used tool in credible
projects (LADA,GEO)
Applying the DPSIR Framework to CBP
State
•
•
•
•
State of Natural Resources
Entry point for the DPSIR
Total System Carbon
Magnitude and Direction of change
Biophysical Model
Output:
__ tonnes of CO2e per
year
Pressures
• Direct Drivers that cause the change in
carbon state
• Land Management Practices
Driving Forces
• Indirect Drivers, underlying reasons or explanations
• Leading to adoption or non-adoption of practices
• Chain of
explanation or
causality
A Chain of Explanation
Example: Land degradation in Uganda
Two neighbouring banana farmers in Uganda, Farmer A was conserving her soil with
trash lines and ditches, Farmer B was not. Why?
A Chain of Explanation
Why is Soil Organic Matter Decreasing?
Pressure: Lack of erosion control measures
 Farmer B appeared not to be trying to conserve his land – But ….
 He had tried several times but the force of water coming from upslope was
too great – ditches were washed away – Why? ….
 Because upslope fields in supposedly protected forest areas had been
recently opened up – Why? …..
 Because some farmers were able to open fields without problem in these
areas – How? ….
 Because they were influential within the village and few could oppose them
government
forest protection
lawsenforced
were ineffective
Drivingand
Force:
Corruption,
policies policies/local
and laws not
 Because they were influential within the village and few could oppose them and
government forest protection policies/local laws were ineffective
Driving Forces
• Some may be environmental (pest, drought, rainfall variability)
• Many will be economic, social and institutional in
nature
Impacts
• Consequences due to the condition and change in carbon state
• Impacts on user livelihoods, natural systems
• Impacts on different groups of people
• Positive /Negative
• Short term / Long term
• Landusers are concerned about impacts more than carbon
Responses
• Reduce negative impacts / promote positive impacts
• To improve uptake of carbon friendly practices
• Remove obstacles to adoption
• Targeted at all levels of drivers
• Provides
guidance to
policy makers,
officials etc.
Example of DPSIR Diagram Output
Responses
Driving Forces
 D1. Explore options for improving security of
tenure with community
 D2. Provide education/information on
alternative management
 P1. Provide access to alternatives to
intensive grazing
D1. Land tenure
D2. Traditional practice
Pressures
Impacts
P1. () Grazing Induced Degradation
D1, D2
P2. () Full Tillage
D2
Short Term:
I1. (+) Livestock production (P1)
I2. (++) Social Status (P1)
State
Long Term:
I3. (- -) Food security (P1)
I4. (- -) Soil Erosion (P2)
Example of DPSIR Diagram Output
Driving Forces
Responses
 D2. Provide accessible education
 D3. Provide low interest credit services
 P1. Provide access to alternative livelihoods
D1. Land tenure
D2. Traditional practice
D3. Poverty
Pressures
Impacts
P1. () Grazing Induced Degradation
D1, D2
P2. () Full Tillage
D2, D3
Short Term:
I1. Livestock production (P1)
I2. Social Status (P1)
State
Long Term:
I3. Food security (P1)
I4. Soil Erosion (P2)
BREAK OUT GROUPS 1 (20mins)
• Use your own example to draw a DPSIR
diagram
• If possible use one / some of the land use
systems you entered in the biophysical tool
• Present your diagram after the next exercise,
not now
• Break into 4 Groups
DPSIR Web Tool Worked Example Yala,
Kenya
• Positive GHG flux (emissions)
• Pressure 1: Overgrazed Grassland
• Pressure 2: Continuos Maize Practice with Full
Tillage
• Select from drop down menus of predetermined lists (DF,P,I) except for Responses
• Demonstrate how to Notate DPSIR Diagram with
Symbols (+, -, ) and Labels
• To show Degree of Significance and importance
Degree of Significance of Driving Force
+++ : The Driving Force is a predominant and crucial factor in increasing the adoption of the
specific land management practice (Pressure)
++ : The Driving Force is an important factor in increasing the adoption of the specific land
management practice (Pressure)
+: The Driving Force is a factor in increasing the adoption of the specific land management
practice (Pressure)
+/- : The Driving Force has mixed effects on the adoption of the land management practice,
increasing and decreasing adoption with no clear net effect on adoption.
- - - : The Driving Force is a predominant and critical constraint to the adoption of the specific land
management practice (Pressure)
- - : The Driving Force is an important constraint to the adoption of the specific land management
practice (Pressure)
-: The Driving Force is a constraint to the adoption of the specific land management practice
(Pressure)
Level
ShortofTerm
Impact
Impact:
+++:
An impact
Highly resulting
positive impact
from the
onland
humans
management
or naturalpractice
systems(Pressure) felt within
++
two: years
Moderately
of implementation.
positive impact on humans or natural systems
+ : Low positive impact on humans or natural systems
+/Long
: Mixture
Term Impact:
of positive and negative impacts on humans or natural systems
-An impact
: Low negative
resultingimpact
from the
on humans
land management
or natural systems
practice that starts to be felt
-two
- : Moderately
years or more
negative
after implementation.
impact on humans or natural systems
- - - : Highly negative impact on humans or natural systems
Example of DPSIR Diagram Output
Driving Forces
Responses
 D2. Provide accessible education
 D3. Provide low interest credit services
 P1. Provide access to alternative livelihoods
D1. (+ +) Land tenure
D2. (+ +/+) Traditional practice
D3. (+) Poverty
Impacts
Pressures
Short Term:
I1. (+) Livestock production (P1)
I2. (+ +) Social Status (P1)
P1. () Grazing Induced Degradation
D1, D2
P2. () Full Tillage
D2, D3
State
Long Term:
I3. (- -) Food security (P1)
I4. (- -) Soil Erosion (P2)
Example of DPSIR Table Output
Driving Forces
Pressures
State
D2. Traditional Practice (+)
Practice passed down
through many generations
D3. Poverty (+)
Can’t afford herbicides
needed with conservation
tillage
P2. Full Tillage ()
Conservation tillage
practice not adopted
by locals
Terrestrial Carbon
D2. Traditional Practice (+ +)
Culturally, fencing is a curse
to common property access
and use
I1. Livestock Production (+)
Short Term
Atmospheric Carbon
D1. Land tenure (+ +)
P1. Grazing Induced
No land tenure. Management
Degradation ()
decisions made with a short
Fenced off areas are
term perspective
still being grazed.
Impacts
I2. Social status (+ +)
Short Term
Number of livestock owned is
proportional to wealth
Responses
R:D2. Provide
accessible education
R:P1. Provide access
to alternative
livelihoods
I3. Food security (- -)
Long Term
I4. Soil Erosion (- -)
R:D3. Provide low
Short/Long Term
interest credit
Greatly increases rate of soil
services
displacement during heavy rains
BREAK OUT GROUPS 2 (30mins)
• Use web tool
• Give your DPSIR Diagram symbols (+, -, ) and
labels (D1, P1, I1)
• If not enough time, label all but just focus on
giving symbols to one DPSIR Component
• Present Notated DPSIR Diagram